| 词条 | Stanley Street Quarter | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Stanley Street Quarter | native_name = | marker_image = | image = Stanley Street Liverpool.jpg | image_size = 240px | caption = One of the rainbow street signs, located on Stanley Street. | former_names = | postal_code = L1/L2 | addresses = | length_m = | length_ft = | length_mi = | length_km = | length_ref = | width = | location = Liverpool City Centre, Liverpool, UK | client = | maint = | coordinates = {{coord|53|24|26|N|2|59|13|W |type:landmark |display=inline}} | direction_a = | terminus_a = | direction_b = | terminus_b = | junction = | commissioning_date = | construction_start_date = | completion_date = | inauguration_date = | demolition_date = | north = Dale Street | south = Victoria Street | east = Cumberland Street | west = Eberle Street | known_for = LGBT community, Gay bars & clubs, Gay clubbing, Liverpool Pride }} The Stanley Street Quarter[1] (sometimes Liverpool Gay Quarter or Village) is an area within Liverpool City Centre, England, which serves as the main focal point for Liverpool's lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community. It is made up of mixed use developments including residential blocks, hotels, bars, nightclubs and various other businesses, many of which cater for the LGBT community. The quarter is also one of the sites where the annual Liverpool Pride is held. The neighbourhood encompasses Stanley Street, Davies Street, Cumberland Street, Sir Thomas Street, Dale Street, Temple Street & Lane, Victoria Street, Hackins Hey, Leather Lane and Eberle Street. Stanley Street has often been seen as the symbolic heart of the 'gay quarter' and is where a large number of the bars are found. On 12 August 2011, Liverpool City Council officially recognised the area as the city's 'gay quarter',[2] and on 6 December 2013, City Council Cabinet members took the decision to endorse a dedicated Community interest company to further the development of the quarter and access funding which the local authority would otherwise be unable to. It will become active from the beginning of 2014. History of LGBT Liverpool{{See also|LGBT culture in Liverpool}}Victorian Criminalisation to Queen SquareIn keeping with Liverpool's history as a major seafaring port, the local gay community can be traced as far back as the Victorian era. Whilst in the past research into this area has been limited and scarce, interest has grown considerably in recent times. In his 2011 lecture 'Policing Sex Between Men: 1850-1971', historian Jeff Evans examined 70,000 criminal records dating back to 1850 and was able to shed light on hundreds of records of men prosecuted under the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885 (the law used to prosecute Oscar Wilde) found in the court papers of Liverpool and North West England.[3][4][5] The legacy of Victorian laws and homosexual criminalisation meant that the city's lesbian and gay community would be largely underground for the next century and little is known about it during this period. However, recent research has highlighted the existence of an unofficial gay quarter around Queen Square from as early as the 1940s, which earned itself the nickname "Covent Garden of the North".[6] Although gay sex between consenting adults was not legalised until 1967, the gay community enjoyed relative acceptance in this area and establishments such as the Stork Hotel, the Roebuck, Spanish House, Magic Clock, Royal Court, and The Dart all boasted a substantial gay clientele, albeit liaisons were still held in secret to a degree.[7][8] By the early 1970s, a gay society named 'The Homophile Society', which campaigned for homosexual equality, was formed at the University of Liverpool.[9] Queen Square to Stanley StreetThe building of the new St. John's Shopping Centre and subsequent demolition of the original Queen Square meant the gay community was forced to find a new home and by 1972, with the opening of Paco's, the community had now began to settle around Stanley Street in what was to develop into Liverpool's modern day Gay Quarter.[10] Timeline of Liverpool's Gay Scene
Further ResearchResearch into Liverpool's gay past took a significant turning point in 2004 as part of the inaugural Homotopia celebrations, the city's home grown gay arts festival. A major project titled 'Tales From Yester-Queer' organised in conjunction with The Armistead Project, Unity Theatre and Liverpool Record Office, became the first ever attempt to pay tribute to the experiences of older lesbian and gay Liverpudlians. The project involved collecting and collating various spoken, written and video sources, as well as a short film commission 'Gayzin Liverpool', produced by local filmmaker Sandi Hughes.[25][26][27] The event became the catalyst for a major public perspective of gay and lesbian Liverpool and shortly followed was 'Our Story Liverpool', an oral history resource which recorded the experiences of community members from the 1930s to the present day.[28][29] A similar and more recent project titled "Pink: Past & Present" has also explored the rich lesbian and gay history of the city[30] which had its world premier in November 2010.[31][32] Present Day Gay QuarterPedestrianisationIn June 2008, Liverpool City Council launched a Public consultation on the partial pedestrianisation of streets in the gay quarter, with a view to enhancing the night time leisure experience of the area.[33] The council had originally proposed to restrict traffic in Stanley Street, Cumberland Street and Eberle Street after 6pm with the use of automatic hydraulic bollards at strategic locations. After concerns were raised over restricted access to the streets by some businesses in the area, the City Council proposed to reduce hours of street closure and held a second consultation in November 2008.[34] It was decided that reduced hours of street closure would be a compromise to accommodate deliveries to some day-time businesses in the area. {{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} As a result of campaigns from the LGBT community, the Council held a third consultation between Friday 23 January 2009 and Friday 20 February 2009, and proposed longer hours of pedestrianisation. After analysing public opinion, the City Council decided that hours proposed the third time round were insufficient in ensuring pedestrian safety. A fourth and final consultation was held in September 2009 and no objections from the public were lodged.[35] Liverpool's gay quarter was finally pedestrianised on 10 December 2009. Stanley Street is now closed to traffic between 10pm-6am seven days of the week, Cumberland Street is closed between 6pm-6am seven days of the week, and Eberle Street is closed for 24 hours of the day seven days of the week.[36] This will be further reviewed in 2014 as part of a public consultation on the future aspirations of the area led by the new Community Interest Company Thanks to pedestrianisation and a cooperative effort to promote the Stanley Street quarter to shoppers and tourists, a number of day time community events were launched in 2012 including Mother's Day celebrations, an Arts & Literature Day, and a series of monthly markets with street entertainment and pavement cafes.[37]{{cite web|url= http://liverpool.gov.uk/Images/SSQ-Newsletter-March2012.pdf |title=Link }}{{cite web|url= http://liverpool.gov.uk/Images/SSQNewsletterFeb12.pdf |title=Link }} Ongoing RedevelopmentInitial plans to revamp Liverpool's gay quarter were unveiled in February 2011 after detailed consultation with the public and stakeholders. City leaders believe a vibrant gay village around Stanley Street is key to the future economic success of Liverpool city centre as an international tourist destination. Urban planner Feria Urbanism carried out a £12,000 study in conjunction with the City Council[38] to formulate a vision for the gay quarter to put it on a par with the best in the UK.[39] The company is consulted with businesses and residents in the area to see how public areas and safety can be improved. With the founding of the new Community Interest Company the area's steering group recognised that there was a need to refresh this strategy and an update, looking in more detail at platemaking is expected to be launched in May 2014, in time for the International Festival for Business 2014. Cllr Nick Small, cabinet member for employment and skills, said: "We have made strides in recent years and are being seen as a more gay-friendly city than was the case a few years ago. We now need to look at how we can develop and promote the quarter."[40] As a result of this report in 2011, numerous regeneration options for the Stanley Street quarter were under discussion and include new rainbow coloured paving, artworks, gateway features, street-tree planting, new outdoor seating and street furniture, and a new public square.{{cite web |url= http://www.liverpoolvision.co.uk/Docs/DownloadDocs/230Stanley_Street_Final_Report_2011_May_25_WEB_all_pages.pdf |title= Link |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120327110912/http://www.liverpoolvision.co.uk/Docs/DownloadDocs/230Stanley_Street_Final_Report_2011_May_25_WEB_all_pages.pdf |archivedate= 27 March 2012 |df= dmy-all }} A consultation on Feria Urbanism's draft report titled "Stanley Street: Strategic direction for a vital urban quarter (May 2011)" has taken place. Suggestions for which organisations and stakeholders should take responsibility for proposed actions and recommendations have also been made, and it is envisaged that initial stages of regeneration should take place over the next 2–5 years, with a longer term vision.[41] As part of the first phase of redevelopment, Liverpool became the first city in the UK to install street signage bearing the rainbow coloured Gay Pride flag on 11 November 2011. The signage identifies the city's Gay Quarter located on Stanley Street, Cumberland Street, Temple Lane, Eberle Street and Temple Street.[42] Following the announcement of redevelopment plans for Liverpool's Gay Quarter, several other British cities have called for similar initiatives in their local area. A delegation from West Yorkshire visited Liverpool in March 2012 to learn from the city's experience with a view to establishing an official gay area based on The Calls and Lower Briggate district of Leeds.[43] Campaigners in the city of Brighton and Hove are also now calling for their gay district to be officially recognised.[44] Community Interest CompanyIn December 2013, Liverpool City Council approved the formation of a dedicated firm to help attract investment into and improve the quarter. The Stanley Street QuarterCommunity interest company will be registered in time for 2014. The move builds on work that has taken place since 2011 including the setting up of a steering group involving councillors and representatives of the quarter, which has looked at ways of boosting the village’s image as a local, national and international visitor destination. The new company will actively seek to involve stakeholders and the public in its efforts to develop the area, including reserved places on the 'Board of Directors' for local businesses and interested members of the public.[45][46] DestinationVisitBritain, Britain's national tourism agency, acknowledges Liverpool as one of Britain's most notable gay cities, and recognises the growing investment in the Gay Quarter.[47][48] Liverpool City Council hopes that further investment, including partial pedestrianisation will further promote Liverpool as a gay destination.[49] In a similar fashion to most other major British cities, the gay scene of Liverpool is fast changing with several bars and clubs often changing in ownership and offer, but there are roughly a dozen night time establishments operating in the quarter at any given time within a 200-metre (one eighth of a mile) radius of Stanley Street. There are also numerous other gay frequented venues dotted elsewhere around the city centre.[50][51] The oldest and longest running venue is The Curzon which opened its doors as a predominantly gay men's bar in 1988,[52][53] although it is often contested that the oldest venue is in fact The Lisbon which has claimed a considerable gay following since well before the 1970s.[9][54][55]LGBT Culture in Liverpool{{Main|LGBT culture in Liverpool}}Research commissioned by the North West Regional Development Agency approximated that there were around 94,000 LGBT persons living in Liverpool's metropolitan area by mid 2009[56] - equivalent to the GLB population of San Francisco.[57] CrimeIn recent years, a series of attacks have resulted in a call for increased police protection in the quarter. Perhaps the most high-profile attack was that of James Parkes, an off-duty trainee police officer, who was set upon by up to 20 teenage thugs in a homophobic attack outside the well known gay club Superstar Boudoir on Stanley Street in October 2009. Multiple skull fractures, a fractured eye socket and a fractured cheek bone left the officer fighting for his life.[58] In May 2011, drag artist Lady Shaun suffered a broken jaw after being knocked out by a man who punched her in the face, whilst just two weeks earlier, 21-year-old choreographer Calvin Fox was assaulted by two people on his way home after a night out. In September the same year, two separate attacks in the gay quarter left two young men with serious head and facial injuries. Local authorities acknowledged there was indeed an increase in "homophobic" crime. Openly gay Councillor Steve Radford said, "Liverpool has a long way to travel in its journey to become a gay-friendly city". Chief Inspector Louise Harrington commented, "We have to strike a balance between a heavy police presence which could scare people off and those that say it makes them feel safer."[59][60] Liverpool City Council have been working for some time to improve the safety of the area, particularly after dark; Several community safety initiatives are due to be completed by late January 2014 including a high-volume, marshalled Taxi Rank and the installation of gates on Progress Place, a section of Private Land off Stanley Street where many of the attacks in the area have been linked as well as antisocial behaviour. Liverpool Pride{{Main|Liverpool Pride}}Up until 2010, Liverpool was the largest British city to not hold a Pride festival. However, on 7 August 2010, the city's first "Official" Pride festival (officially sponsored by Liverpool City Council and public authorities), attracted an audience of over 21,000, the majority of whom came from outside the city. The festival took place around the city's Gay Quarter with stages on Dale Street, Exchange Flags, and North John Street, and a city centre march was held during the day. Organisers hailed the festivities a massive success and now plan to hold larger events in the future [61] At Liverpool Pride 2011, it was announced that visitor numbers had doubled to over 40,000.[62] On 11 March 2011, Liverpool Pride became a registered charity.[63] In 2012 Liverpool Football Club were the first Premier League team to publicly support a Pride event with members of staff and fans marching in the parade with a banner provided by the club.[64] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://liverpool.gov.uk/news/details.aspx?id=207623 |title=Stanley Street quarter can boost city economy - Liverpool City Council |publisher=Liverpool.gov.uk |date=4 August 2011 |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-14504516 |title=BBC News - Liverpool gay quarter gets go-ahead |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=12 August 2011 |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 3. ^{{cite web|author=Yakub Qureshi |url=http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/1408659_secrets_out_on_the_hidden_life_of_gay_victorians |title=Secret’s out on the hidden life of gay Victorians | Manchester Evening News |publisher=menmedia.co.uk |date=19 February 2011 |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.homotopia.net/?page_id=1464 |title=Policing Sex Between Men : 1850-1971 |publisher=Homotopia.net |date= |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lgf.org.uk/news-articles/homotopia-2011 |title=Homotopia 2011 | News Articles | News | Home |publisher=Lgf.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 6. ^{{cite web|last=Davis |first=Laura |url=http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-culture/liverpool-arts/2010/08/04/exhibition-of-photos-of-gay-liverpool-on-display-at-3345-as-part-of-pride-92534-26990980 |title=Exhibition of photos of Gay Liverpool on display at 3345 as part of Pride - 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Liverpool's Stanley Street in gay district study |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=21 February 2011 |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 39. ^{{cite web|author=Feria Limited |url=http://www.feria-urbanism.eu/stanley_street.html |title=liverpool 02 - w w w . f e r i a - u r b a n i s m . e u |publisher=Feria-urbanism.eu |date=10 February 2012 |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 40. ^{{cite web|last=Bartlett |first=David |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/local-news/2011/02/21/plans-to-revamp-liverpool-s-gay-quarter-unveiled-100252-28204018/#ixzz1EaSNbWl5/ |title=Liverpool Echo, 21st February 2011 |publisher=Liverpoolecho.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolpride.co.uk/news/13/04/2011/have-your-say-stanley-st-consultation/ |title=Liverpool Pride, "Have your say - Stanley St Consultation", 13th April 2011 |publisher=Liverpoolpride.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 42. ^{{cite web|last=Gray |first=Stephen |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2011/11/11/liverpool-unveils-uks-first-gay-street-signs |title=Liverpool unveils UK’s first gay street signs |publisher=PinkNews.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 43. ^{{cite web |author=George Keast |url=http://news.pinkpaper.com/NewsStory.aspx?id=7036 |title=Leeds activists meet Liverpool LGBT for tips on gay quarter development success - PinkPaper.com |publisher=News.pinkpaper.com |date=1 March 2012 |accessdate=2012-03-29 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120712090716/http://news.pinkpaper.com/NewsStory.aspx?id=7036 |archivedate=12 July 2012 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }} 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theargus.co.uk/news/9374498.Calls_for_Brighton_and_Hove__gay_village_ |title=Calls for Brighton and Hove "gay village" (From The Argus) |publisher=Theargus.co.uk |date=20 November 2011 |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 45. ^{{cite web|author=Raziye Akkoc |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-gay-village-company-gets-6379351 |title=Liverpool gay village company gets go-ahead |publisher=Liverpool Echo |date=6 December 2013 |accessdate=2013-12-06}} 46. ^{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-25260739 |title=Liverpool's Gay Quarter gets new community interest group |publisher=BBC Liverpool |date=6 December 2013 |accessdate=2013-12-06}} 47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.visitbritain.com/en/US/LGBT-Destinations.htm |title=Destinations: Explore LGBT Britain |publisher=Visit Britain |date= |accessdate=2013-06-18}} 48. ^Visit Britain: Explore LGBT Liverpool 49. ^{{cite web|url=http://icliverpool.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/0100regionalnews/tm_objectid=15944173&method=full&siteid=50061&headline=councillors-throw-weight-behind-gay-village-plan-name_page.html/ |title=Liverpool Daily Post 8th September, 2005 |publisher=Icliverpool.icnetwork.co.uk |date=8 September 2005 |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolpride.co.uk/scene-guide |title=Scene Guide |publisher=Liverpool Pride |date= |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 51. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.liverpoolvision.co.uk/Docs/DownloadDocs/230Stanley_Street_Final_Report_2011_May_25_WEB_all_pages.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-08-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327110912/http://www.liverpoolvision.co.uk/Docs/DownloadDocs/230Stanley_Street_Final_Report_2011_May_25_WEB_all_pages.pdf |archivedate=27 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 52. ^{{cite web|author=Lawrence Ferber |url=http://www.newnownext.com/curzon-liverpool-england-bars-clubs/06/2009 |title=Curzon Liverpool England |publisher=NewNowNext |date=25 June 2009 |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 53. ^{{cite web|url=http://liverpool-echo.vlex.co.uk/vid/out-about-it-s-18-up-at-curzon-72925150 |title=Out About: It's 18 Up at Curzon - liverpool echo - February 3, 2006 - Id. 72925150 - vLex |publisher=Liverpool-echo.vlex.co.uk |date=3 February 2006 |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/I+lost+my+children+because+I+am+gay%3B+Emma+Johnson+talks+to+the+woman...-a0260063364/ |title='I lost my children because I am gay; Emma Johnson talks to the woman who lost a custody battle due to her sexuality', Liverpool Echo, Jun 29th 2011 |publisher=Thefreelibrary.com |date= |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 55. ^{{cite web|url=http://issuu.com/seen_mag_lgbt/docs/www.seenmag.co.uk/ |title=Seen Magazine, July 2010, Page 16 |publisher=Issuu.com |date=7 July 2010 |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 56. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.geog.qmul.ac.uk/pedec/documents/OPEN%20FOR%20ALL.pdf |title= Link |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140203053037/http://www.geog.qmul.ac.uk/pedec/documents/OPEN%20FOR%20ALL.pdf |archivedate= 3 February 2014 |df= dmy-all }} 57. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.lgbtdata.com/uploads/1/0/8/8/10884149/samesexcouplesandglbpopacs.pdf |title=Link }} 58. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.pinkpaper.com/NewsStory.aspx?id=1897|title=Vigils show that the UK will not tolerate homophobia|publisher=Pink Paper|date=|accessdate=2012-05-24|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120723122247/http://news.pinkpaper.com/NewsStory.aspx?id=1897|archivedate=23 July 2012|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}} 59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/local-news/2011/05/11/drag-queen-attacks-spark-calls-for-increased-safety-around-liverpool-s-gay-quarter-100252-28672122 |title=Drag queen attacks spark calls for increased safety around Liverpool’s Gay Quarter |publisher=Liverpool Echo |date= |accessdate=2012-05-24}} 60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2011/09/15/two-assaults-in-liverpools-gay-quarter |title=Two assaults in Liverpool’s gay quarter |publisher=Pink News |date= |accessdate=2012-05-24}} 61. ^{{cite web|author=Laura Jones |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/local-news/2010/08/09/liverpool-price-sees-21-000-people-enjoy-first-city-gay-lesbian-and-bisexual-festival-100252-27023006/ |title='First Liverpool Pride sees 21,000 enjoy gay, lesbian and bisexual festival' |publisher=Liverpoolecho.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolpride.co.uk/news/08/08/2011/proud-mersey-over-40000-attend-liverpool-pride-2011/ |title="Proud Mersey - Over 40,000 attend Liverpool Pride 2011", Liverpool Pride Website |publisher=Liverpoolpride.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 63. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/Showcharity/RegisterOfCharities/CharityFramework.aspx?RegisteredCharityNumber=1140792&SubsidiaryNumber=0/ |title=Charity Commission, Charity Number 1140792 |publisher=Charity-commission.gov.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-03-29}} 64. ^http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/latest-news/reds-set-for-pride-march External links{{Commons category|Stanley Street Quarter}}
3 : LGBT culture in Liverpool|Gay villages in England|Entertainment districts in the United Kingdom |
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