| 词条 | Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable |name = The Lord Stewart of Fulham |honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CH|PC}} |image = Michael Stewart.jpg |imagesize = 220px |order = Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Foreign Affairs (1965-1968) |term_start = 16 March 1968 |term_end = 19 June 1970 |monarch = Elizabeth II |primeminister =Harold Wilson |predecessor = George Brown |successor = Sir Alec Douglas-Home |term_start1 = 22 January 1965 |term_end1 = 11 August 1966 |monarch1 = Elizabeth II |primeminister1 =Harold Wilson |predecessor1 = Patrick Gordon Walker |successor1 = George Brown |office2 = First Secretary of State |primeminister2 = Harold Wilson |predecessor2 = George Brown |successor2 = Barbara Castle |term_start2 = 11 August 1966 |term_end2 = 6 April 1968 |office3 = Secretary of State for Economic Affairs |primeminister3 = Harold Wilson |predecessor3 = George Brown |successor3 = Peter Shore |term_start3 = 11 August 1966 |term_end3 = 29 August 1967 |office4 = Secretary of State for Education and Science |primeminister4 = Harold Wilson |predecessor4 = Quintin Hogg |successor4 = Anthony Crosland |term_start4 = 16 October 1964 |term_end4 = 22 January 1965 |office5 = Member of Parliament for Fulham Fulham East (1945–1955) |predecessor5 = William Astor |successor5 = Martin Stevens |term_start5 = 26 May 1955 |term_end5 = 3 May 1979 |birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1906|11|6}} |birth_place = Bromley, Kent, England |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1990|3|13|1906|11|6}} |death_place = |nationality = British |party = Labour |religion = |alma_mater = St. John's College, Oxford |profession = Member of Parliament |spouse = Mary Stewart }} Robert Michael Maitland Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham, {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|CH|PC}} (6 November 1906 – 13 March 1990) was a British Labour politician and Fabian Socialist who served twice as Foreign Secretary in the first cabinet of Harold Wilson. Early lifeThe son of Robert Wallace Stewart, author and lecturer, and Eva Stewart née Blaxley, Stewart was born in Bromley and educated at Brownhill Road Elementary School, Catford, Christ's Hospital and St. John's College, Oxford, where he graduated with a first class BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics in 1929.[1][2] While at university, Stewart was President of the Oxford Union, and of St John's Labour Club (1929). He began his career as an official in the Royal Household during 1931. He worked for a short period with the Secretariat of the League of Nations, before becoming a schoolmaster, first at the Merchant Taylors' School in London, then at Coopers' Company's School, Mile End, and then at Frome, Somerset. During World War II, Stewart served in the Middle East, joining the Intelligence Corps in 1942, before transferring to the Army Educational Corps in 1943. He was promoted to captain in 1944. On 26 July 1941 he married Mary Birkinshaw, later Baroness Stewart of Alvechurch; they had no children.[3] They were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right. Political careerStewart had contested the Lewisham West constituency in 1931 and 1935, and Fulham East in 1936; after the war he became MP for Fulham East 1945–55, then for Fulham 1955–74, and Hammersmith, Fulham 1974–79. Soon after his initial election, he was made a junior whip, then a junior minister, as Under-Secretary of State for War (1947–51) and later as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Supply (May–October 1951). Following Labour's defeat in the 1951 election, Stewart was a rising figure on the shadow front bench, serving as Shadow Minister of Education (1955–59) and then as Shadow Minister of Housing and Local Government (1959–64). Stewart was Fabian Summer School Director in 1952 and Lecturer in 1954. He was Fabian New Year School lecturer in 1954–55 and Publicist in 1956. Stewart is listed as a member of the Fabian Society International Bureau Committee during 1957–58 and was mentioned in Fabian News Nov–Dec 1964 as a former member of the Fabian Executive Committee. Government 1964–70When Harold Wilson became Prime Minister in 1964, Stewart was appointed Secretary of State for Education and Science. He was promoted to Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in January 1965. He was described by the press as relatively unknown to the public but was extremely well known within Fabian Socialist circles. He became Secretary of State for Economic Affairs in 1966. From 1966 to 1968, he was First Secretary of State. He returned to the Foreign Office from 1968 to 1970. As foreign secretary, he was instrumental in supplying arms to support the Nigerian government's crushing of the secessionist movement in Biafra (when up to one million people died), later saying "It would have been quite easy for me to say: This is going to be difficult – let's cut off all connexion with the Nigerian Government. If I'd done that I should have known that I was encouraging in Africa the principle of tribal secession – with all the misery that could bring to Africa in the future."[4] Post-GovernmentA committed pro-European, Stewart was Leader of the Labour Delegation to the Council of Europe in June 1970, and joint president of the Labour Committee for Europe with George Brown and Roy Jenkins. He served as a member of the European Parliament from 1975 to 1976. Stewart was made a member of the Privy Council in 1964. He was appointed a Companion of Honour (CH) in the 1969 New Year Honours.[5] He retired from the House of Commons in 1979. Stewart was elevated to the House of Lords, being created a life peer with the title Baron Stewart of Fulham, of Fulham in Greater London on 5 July 1979.[6] He died in 1990, aged 83. Styles of address
References1. ^Oxford University Calendar 1932, Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1932, p. 282. 2. ^{{cite book |last1=Lane |first1=A.T. |title=Biographical dictionary of European labor leaders |date=1995 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=0313299005 |page=931 |edition=Volume 2}} 3. ^Duncan Sutherland, ‘Stewart , Mary Elizabeth Henderson, Baroness Stewart of Alvechurch (1903–1984)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, May 2005 accessed 1 April 2017 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/596712.stm |title=By Nigeria correspondent Barnaby Philips |work=BBC News |date=13 January 2000 |accessdate=16 May 2008 |archivedate=15 December 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215145053/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/596712.stm |deadurl=no |df= }} 5. ^{{London Gazette|issue=44740|date=1 January 1969|page=24 |supp=y}} 6. ^{{London Gazette|issue=47900|date=10 July 1979|page=8714}} Bibliography
External links
| years = 1945–1955}}{{s-non| reason = Constituency abolished}}{{s-new|constituency}}{{s-ttl| title = Member of Parliament for Fulham | years = 1955–1979}}{{s-aft| after = Martin Stevens}}{{s-off}}{{succession box|title=Comptroller of the Household (government whip)|years=1945–1946|before=Arthur Pearson|after=Frank Collindridge}}{{succession box|title=Secretary of State for Education and Science|years=1964–1965|before=Quintin Hogg|after=Anthony Crosland}}{{succession box|title=Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs|years=1965–1966|before=Patrick Gordon Walker|after=George Brown}}{{s-bef| before = George Brown | rows = 2}}{{s-ttl| title = First Secretary of State | years = 1966–1968}}{{s-aft| after = Barbara Castle}}{{s-ttl| title = Secretary of State for Economic Affairs | years = 1966–1967}}{{s-aft| after = Peter Shore}}{{s-bef| before = George Brown}}{{s-ttl| title = Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs | years = 1968}}{{s-aft| after = Himself | as = Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs}}{{s-bef| before = Himself | as = Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs}}{{s-ttl| title = Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs | years = 1968–1970 | rows = 2}}{{s-aft| after = Sir Alec Douglas-Home | rows = 2}}{{s-bef| before = George Thomson | as = Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs}}{{s-ppo}}{{succession box|title=Leader of the European Parliamentary Labour Party|years=1975–1976|before=New position|after=John Prescott}}{{s-end}}{{First Secretary of State}}{{Foreign Secretary}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Stewart, Michael}} 34 : 1906 births|1990 deaths|British Secretaries of State|British Secretaries of State for Education|British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs|British Secretaries of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|British Army personnel of World War II|Intelligence Corps officers|Royal Army Educational Corps officers|Presidents of the Oxford Union|People educated at Christ's Hospital|Labour Party (UK) life peers|Members of the Fabian Society Executive Committee|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|National Union of Teachers-sponsored MPs|Alumni of St John's College, Oxford|People from Bromley|People from Fulham|First Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom|Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour|UK MPs 1945–50|UK MPs 1950–51|UK MPs 1951–55|UK MPs 1955–59|UK MPs 1959–64|UK MPs 1964–66|UK MPs 1966–70|UK MPs 1970–74|UK MPs 1974|UK MPs 1974–79|Labour Party (UK) MEPs|MEPs for the United Kingdom 1973–79|Members of the Fabian Society |
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