| 词条 | St. Clair Incline |
| 释义 |
| name = St. Clair Incline | gauge = | linelength = 2060 ft (610 m) | locale = South Side Slopes, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | coordinates = {{Coord|40.4218|-79.9746}} | open = March 5, 1888[1] | close = c. 1932 | event1label = Dismantled | event1 = 1934 | operator = St. Clair Incline Plane Company }} The St. Clair Incline, also known as the South Twenty-second Street Incline,[2] was built in 1886–1888 and operated by St. Clair Incline Plane Company.[3][4] It was a double track[4] incline on the South Side Slopes of Pittsburgh from Josephine St. to Salisbury St. The lower station was near the intersection of S. 22nd Street and Josephine. The upper station was on Salisbury Street across from the former Fort Laughlin site eventually occupied by Arlington Playground. The incline was {{convert|2060|ft|0|abbr=on}} long, with a vertical rise of {{convert|361|ft|0|abbr=on}}.[5] It was designed by engineer J. H. McRoberts.[5] As it carried both freight and passengers over steep tracks laid on the ground, it could be considered to be a cable railway. Its path was not of constant slope but became progressively steeper toward the top, tracing a parabolic arc.[5] It is uncertain exactly when the incline closed permanently, but it was reported as shut down in a 1932 Associated Press article about the "passing" of Pittsburgh's inclines.[6] The structure was dismantled in 1934.[7][8] Fatal AccidentsAt 3:30 in the morning of April 6, 1909, an accident occurred when engineer Jesse Burton fainted against the controls, releasing the brake. As the upbound car reached the top, it slammed into the upper support, bounced away and rolled freely back down the grade. The impact had knocked both cables from their drums, so the car at the lower station did not provide a counterbalance on the move. The night turn had ended shortly before at D.O. Cunningham Glass on Jane St. near the lower station, and the upbound car was taking some passengers home. After the impact at the top, three young men jumped during their descent. One, Frank Bredl, 17, jumped early and survived. The others, Albert Klingenberger, 16, and Arthur Miller, 17, died from their injuries. A postcard of the era showed the aftermath of the accident.[9][10][11] On July 22, 1915, a car ran over a 19-month-old baby who attempted to follow his two older sisters across the tracks.[12] Another fatality occurred on March 10, 1919, when a gate on one of the moving cars swung open. A 17-year-old girl who had been leaning on the gate fell to the tracks and was run over by the car wheels.[13] See also
References1. ^{{cite news|title=Two Railways|newspaper=Pittsburgh Commercial Gazette|date=March 6, 1888|at=p. 2, col. 6|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=keIMAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3GYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5360%2C5295885 }} 2. ^{{cite book |editor-last= Fleming|editor-first= George T.|title= Pittsburgh, How to See It |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=02NAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA70 |year= 1916 |publisher=W.G. Johnston |pages=70–71 }} 3. ^{{cite book|title=Annual Report of the Secretary of Internal Affairs of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania: Railroad, Canal, Navigation and Telegraph Companies. Part 4|year=1889|page=1324|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZVCAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1324 }} 4. ^1 {{cite book |title=A Century and a Half of Pittsburg and Her People |last=Boucher |first= John Newton|authorlink= |year=1908 |publisher= Lewis Publishing Company|location=Pittsburgh |isbn= |page=339 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PfoMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA339 }} 5. ^1 2 {{cite journal|title=The Inclined Planes|journal=The Street Railway Journal Souvenir|date=October 1891|page=40|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QoZNAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA40}} 6. ^{{cite news|newspaper=Altoona Tribune|date=15 March 1932|page=1|agency=Associated Press|title=Autos Spell Passing of Pittsburgh Inclines|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5715101/autos_spell_passing_of_pittsburg/|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} 7. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=14 November 1934|page=19|title=Rickety Steps Keep Residents out of Church|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=b0wbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lEsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1443%2C2623072}} 8. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=19 August 1934|at=Classified sec., p. 4|title=Wrecking 22nd St. Incline|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qyQbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gEsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4179%2C4854330}} 9. ^{{cite book |last1= Hadley|first1= S Trevor| title= Only in Pittsburgh |year=1994|publisher=educational publishing resources|chapter=Chapter 3: Inclined to Disaster (1909)|pages=19–22|isbn=0-9642251-0-7}} 10. ^{{cite journal |last=Potter |first= Chris|authorlink= |date= July 10, 2008 |title= Reign of Error |journal= Pittsburgh City Paper|volume= |issue= |pages= |id= |url= http://www.pittsburghcitypaper.ws/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A49080|accessdate=2009-05-14 |quote= }} 11. ^{{cite journal |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= June 1988 |title= Inclined to Disaster |journal= Pittsburgh Magazine |volume= 36|series= |issue= |page= |pages= |publisher= |location= |pmid= |pmc= |doi= |bibcode= |oclc= |id= |url= |language= |format= |accessdate= |laysummary= |laysource= |laydate= |quote=}} 12. ^{{cite news|title=South Side Baby Is Killed By St. Clair Incline Car|newspaper=The Gazette Times|date=July 23, 1915|page=14|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-YNRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GWgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2703%2C4548094 }} 13. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Gazette Times|location=Pittsburgh|date=March 11, 1919|page=1|title=Girl Killed on St. Clair Car|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=d1hRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BWgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4005%2C2341412 }} Maps
5 : Railway inclines in Pittsburgh|Defunct funicular railways in the United States|1888 establishments in Pennsylvania|Railway lines opened in 1888|1930s disestablishments in Pennsylvania |
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