| 词条 | Stearman 4 | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Stearman 4 is an American commercial biplane that was manufactured in the 1920s by Stearman Aircraft. They were marketed at the time as fast and luxurious executive transports and mail planes for about US$16,000.[2][3] DevelopmentStearman Aircraft developed the Model 4 from the C3, adding a deeper fuselage and offering a range of more powerful engines. These features enabled the Model 4 to carry heavier cargo loads. Being larger than the C3, but smaller than the M-2 and LT-1 models, it filled a gap in the Stearman product line. Designer Lloyd Stearman said that it was the best airplane he ever designed.[4] Heaters were provided for both cockpits.{{fact|date=October 2016}} Operational historyStearman sold the Model 4 to commercial operators in the United States, building 41 before ending production. Users of the type included Varney Air Lines and American Airways (later American Airlines). Standard Oil operated three Junior Speedmails for product promotion. The aircraft was produced in Wichita, Kansas from September 1929 to August 1930.[5] In Canada, Trans-Canada Air Lines (later Air Canada) bought three Stearman for pilot training and surveying new routes and were used from 1937 to 1939. One of them was sold in March 1939.[6] 1930s socialite aviator Aline Rhonie flew NC796H (which still exists but is now registered as NC774H) out of Long Island, New York, before later joining the British war effort with the Air Transport Auxiliary.[7] The aircraft's rugged construction helped it survive heavy handling and loads, and thirteen remained on the U.S. Civil Register in 1965.[8] Several were operated as crop dusters, with their forward mail compartment converted into a hopper. Many later passed to private owners of veteran planes and are airworthy or in museums.[9] VariantsThe first letter of the designation refers to the engine while an M indicates that it was intended as a mailplane, with the forward compartment covered. Minor modifications were made to the design which were reflected in the use of -1 after the designation. Reference: Simpson[10]
powered by {{convert|300|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Wright J6-9 radial, 10 built.[12]
Single seat mailplane version of the 4-C. 15 built including three converted from 4-Cs.[13]
First certified aircraft with the then new {{convert|300|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior,[14] 8 were built, including 1 as 4-DX.
One built[15] with a {{convert|400|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Pratt & Whitney Wasp S1A and a canopy over both cockpits.[16]
Single seat mailplane version of the 4-D. Two built, both converted from other models.[17]
{{convert|420|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Pratt & Whitney C-1 Wasp or {{convert|450|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Pratt & Whitney Wasp[1] 11 built.[19]
One customized 4-E built for Standard Oil with a {{convert|450|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Pratt & Whitney Wasp SC.[16]
Single seat mailplane version of the 4-E.
One 4-CM was converted into a four seater and powered by a {{convert|450|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Ranger GV-770.[16]
1933 one-off custom two-seater with dual controls and an enclosed canopy for the rear cockpit, with a {{convert|420|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior T3A engine.[21]
One built as a trainer variant of the 80 with enclosed canopy over both cockpits.[14] Sold to the Mexican government after a tour of South America while on floats.[14] Operators{{CAN}}
Survivors
Specifications (4-E){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=Green, 1965, p.298 |crew=one |capacity= two passengers |payload main=600 lbs |payload alt=272 kg |payload more= |length main=26 ft 4 in |length alt=8.0 m |span main=38 ft 0 in |span alt=11.6 m |height main=10 ft 2 in |height alt=3.2 m |area main= |area alt= |airfoil= |empty weight main=2,426 lb |empty weight alt= 1100 kg |loaded weight main=3,936 lb |loaded weight alt= 1785 kg |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |max takeoff weight more= |more general= |engine (prop)= Pratt & Whitney Wasp |type of prop= |number of props=1 |power main= 450 hp |power alt=336 kW |power original= |power more= |propeller or rotor?= |propellers= |number of propellers per engine= |propeller diameter main= |propeller diameter alt= |max speed main=158 mph |max speed alt=256 km/h |max speed more= |cruise speed main=128 mph |cruise speed alt=206 km/h |cruise speed more |stall speed main=53 mph |stall speed alt= 85 km/h |stall speed more= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |range main=645 miles |range alt=1045 km |ferry range main= |ferry range alt= |ferry range more= |ceiling main= 18,000 ft |ceiling alt= 5490 m |climb rate main=1,400 ft/minute |climb rate alt= 7.1 m/s |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= }} See also{{aircontent|similar aircraft=
|related=
|see also= |lists= }} ReferencesCitations1. ^1 {{cite journal|magazine=AAHS Journal|date=Summer 1982|title=Saga of a Square Tail Stearman|author=Thomas E Lowe, Kennith D Wilson}} 2. ^{{cite journal|magazine=AAHS Journal|date=Summer 1982|title=Saga of a Square Tail Stearman|author=Thomas E Lowe, Kennith D Wilson}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url = http://www.sportaviationonline.org/sportaviation/201303?pg=5#pg62|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131215214019/http://www.sportaviationonline.org/sportaviation/201303?pg=5#pg62|dead-url = yes|archive-date = 2013-12-15|title = Vintage Time Machine; The Resurrection of the Jimmie Allen Junior Speedmail|accessdate = 2013-12-15}} 4. ^{{cite journal|magazine=Skyways|date=January 1999|page=42}} 5. ^{{cite journal|magazine=Journal of AAHS|title=Saga of a square tail stearman|author=Thomas E Lowe and Kennith D Wilson}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/fleet/historical/stearman.html |title=Historical Fleet - Stearman |publisher=Air Canada}} 7. ^url=http://www.opencockpit.net/spedmail.html accessdate=March 2016 8. ^Green, 1965, p. 298 9. ^Ogden, 2007, p. 604 10. ^Simpson, 2001, p. 521 11. ^1 2 Juptner, 1993, p.19 12. ^Juptner, 1993, p.21 13. ^1 Juptner, 1993, p.89 14. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Juptner, 1993, p.22 15. ^Juptner, 1993, p.24 16. ^1 2 3 url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_stear.html accessdate March 2016 17. ^1 Juptner, 1993, p.92 18. ^Juptner, 1966, p.261 19. ^Juptner, 1966, pp.262-263 20. ^Juptner, 1993, p. 21. ^1 2 Juptner, 1974, p.20 22. ^1 2 {{cite web|url = http://casmuseum.techno-science.ca/en/collection-research/artifact-stearman-4em-senior-speedmail.php|title = Stearman 4-EM Senior Speedmail|accessdate = 3 March 2016|last = Canada Aviation Museum|authorlink = |year = 2016}} 23. ^url=http://www.airhistory.org.uk/gy/reg_CF-1.html accessdate=March 2016 24. ^1 url=http://www.antiqueairfield.com/articles/show/1536-a-rare-stearman-returned-home accessdate=March 2016 25. ^Davies, 1998, p=78-79 26. ^Davies, 1998, p=143 27. ^url=http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/N663K.html accessdate=March 2016 28. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=641025662577895&set=a.641025622577899.1073741848.112938012053332&type=3&theater|title = Sun 'n Fun Fly-In and Expo Facebook Page Award Album|accessdate = 2013-12-15}} 29. ^url=http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/N785H.html accessdate=March 2016 30. ^url=http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/N774H.html accessdate=March 2016 31. ^url=http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/N11224.html accessdate=March 2016 32. ^url=http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/N485W.html accessdate=March 2016 33. ^url=http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/N488W.html accessdate=March 2016 34. ^url=http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/N489W.html accessdate=March 2016 35. ^url=http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/N11722.html accessdate=March 2016 Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links{{commons category|Stearman 4}}
5 : United States mailplanes 1930–1939|Stearman aircraft|Biplanes|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1930 |
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