| 词条 | Stephen Haggard |
| 释义 |
Stephen Hubert Avenel Haggard (21 March 1911 – 25 February 1943) was a British actor, writer and poet. {{Infobox person|name = Stephen Haggard |image = Stephen haggard.jpg |image_size = 150px |caption = Stephen Haggard |birth_name = |birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1911|3|21}} |birth_place = Guatemala City, Guatemala |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1943|2|25|1911|3|21}} |death_place = Egypt |body_discovered = |death_cause = Suicide |resting_place = Heliopolis War Cemetery |resting_place_coordinates = |residence = |nationality = British |occupation = actor, writer, poet, intelligence officer |years_active = 1930s–1940s}} Early lifeHaggard was born on 21 March 1911 in Guatemala City, Guatemala and was the son of Sir Godfrey Digby Napier Haggard, a British diplomat, and his wife Georgianna Ruel Haggard.[1] He was the grandnephew of author H. Rider Haggard, and the brother of photographer and author Virginia Haggard, the companion of the painter Marc Chagall.[1] He was also the father of the film director Piers Haggard.[2][3] Haggard was educated at Haileybury College, where he became close to the artist-schoolmaster Wilfrid Blunt.[4] Training and careerAfter an initial foray into journalism, and determined to obtain some overseas experience,[5] Haggard moved to Munich, where he studied for stage at the Munich State Theatres under Frau Magda Lena.[5] He made his stage debut at the Schauspielhaus in October 1930 in the play Das kluge Kind directed by Max Reinhardt. He later appeared as Hamlet at the same theatre.[2][5] Upon Haggard's return to the United Kingdom in 1931, his career path was initially discouraging: he received only small parts in various London plays and worked in repertory in Worthing.[2] He undertook further study at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art[5] and subsequently received good notices when he played Silvius in Shakespeare's As You Like It in London in 1933.[5] He was noticed by the playwright Clemence Dane and made his first appearance in New York in 1934 as the poet Thomas Chatterton in her play Come of Age.[2][5] Returning to Britain, he had successful roles in a number of plays, including Flowers of the Forest, a production of Mazo de la Roche's Whiteoaks, and he appeared as Konstantin in Chekhov's The Seagull,[5][6] and was hailed as one of the most promising and handsome classical actors of the era.[17] Haggard married Morna Gillespie in September 1935, and they had three children, of whom one died young.[2][7][8] In 1938, Haggard returned to New York to reprise his role as Finch in Whiteoaks, which he also directed.[2][5] His novel Nya was published in the same year.[2] He appeared as Mozart in the film Whom the Gods Love (1936). The film was not a success, in part because Haggard was considered to be inexperienced, and was unknown. He also appeared in Alfred Hitchcock's film Jamaica Inn (1939)[2][9] and subsequently appeared as Lord Nelson in the Carol Reed film The Young Mr Pitt (1942).[10] Second World WarAt the outbreak of the Second World War Haggard joined the British Army, serving as a captain in the Intelligence Corps.[2] His wife and two sons went to the United States in 1940, where his father was consul-general in New York. Shortly after their departure, he wrote his sons a letter, which was published in the Atlantic Monthly later that year as "I'll Go to Bed at Noon: A Soldier's Letter to His Sons."[11] Haggard was posted to the Middle East and worked for the Department of Political Warfare.[6][17] There he met the author Olivia Manning and her husband, the broadcaster R. D. Smith. The latter recruited Haggard to play starring roles in his productions of Henry V and Hamlet on local radio in Jerusalem.[6] DeathWhile in the Middle East, Haggard fell in love with a beautiful Egyptian married woman whose husband worked in Palestine. Haggard was overworked and felt that the war had destroyed his acting career. He was on the edge of a nervous breakdown when after some months the woman decided to end the relationship. Haggard shot himself on a train between Cairo and Palestine on 25 February 1943 at the age of 31.[12][13] The manner of Haggard's death was hushed up and is not mentioned in the biography of Haggard written by Christopher Hassell and published in 1948.[13] Haggard is buried in Heliopolis War Cemetery, in Cairo, Egypt.[14] LegacyManning based the character Aidan Sheridan in her Fortunes of War novel sequence on Haggard.[12][13] Filmography
Works
References
1. ^{{cite book|last=Harshav|first=Benjamin |title=Marc Chagall and his times : a documentary narrative|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2004|pages=565|isbn=978-0-8047-4214-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WXI6K9vPLfkC&pg=PA565}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite news|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0911F9355D167B93C6A91788D85F478485F9|title=Haggard is dead on active service; British Actor and novelist, Son of Consul General Here, Was Army Captain in Near East|date=4 March 1943|publisher=The New York Times|pages=7|accessdate=1 January 2009}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=McFarlane|first=Brian|author2=Slide, Anthony |title=The Encyclopedia of British Film|publisher=Methuen |location=London|year=2003|pages=279|isbn=978-0-413-77301-2}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Kermode|first=Frank |title=Nya|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1988|pages=1|chapter=Introduction|isbn= 978-0-19-282135-5}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite news|title=Youthful Hamlet Supports Star As Actor-Director in 'Whiteoaks'|last=Bell|first=Nelson, B|date=13 March 1938|publisher=The Washington Post|pages=TT7}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Braybrooke|first=Neville and June|title=Olivia Manning: a life|publisher=Chatto & Windus|location=London|year=2004|pages=114|isbn=978-0-7011-7749-2}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Blunt|first=Wilfrid|title=Married to a single life : an autobiography, 1901–1938|publisher= M. Russell, 1983.|location=Wilton, Salisbury, Wiltshire :|year=1983|pages=22|isbn=978-0-85955-100-7}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=Debrett's People of Today|editor=Gullen, Zoe |editor2=Sefton, Daniel|publisher=Debrett's Peerage Limited|chapter=Piers Inigo Haggard| date=16 June 2005}} 9. ^{{cite book|last=Low|first=Rachael|title=The History of British Film |publisher=Routledge|year=2005|volume=7|pages=164–65|isbn=978-0-415-15652-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OM6NTJid06wC&pg=PA164}} 10. ^{{cite book|last= Evans|first=Peter William|title=Carol Reed|publisher= Manchester University Press |year=2005|pages=177|isbn=978-0-7190-6367-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XrLQ6ODPYfcC&pg=PA177}} 11. ^{{cite book|last=Fiscus |first=James W.|title=Critical Perspectives on World War II |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|year=2004|pages=62–69|chapter=I'll go to bed at noon: A soldier's letter to his sons|isbn=978-1-4042-0065-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6MTcnkLfDZAC&pg=PT65}} 12. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |author=Cooper, Artemis |title=Cairo in the war 1939–1945 |publisher=Hamilton |location=London |year=1989 |pages= 160 |isbn=0-241-12671-1 |oclc= 18742516 |doi= |accessdate=}} 13. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Braybrooke|first=Neville and June|title=Olivia Manning: a life|publisher=Chatto & Windus|location=London|year=2004|pages=250|isbn=978-0-7011-7749-2}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2209071|title=Commonwealth War Graves Commission: Casualty Details|publisher=www.cwgc.org|accessdate=2 January 2009|last=|first=}} External links
18 : 1911 births|1943 deaths|English male actors who committed suicide|British male stage actors|British Army personnel of World War II|20th-century British writers|Intelligence Corps officers|People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College|People from Guatemala City|Poets who committed suicide|Suicides by firearm in Egypt|Writers who committed suicide|20th-century British male actors|British male film actors|20th-century British poets|British male poets|Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art|20th-century British male writers |
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