| 词条 | Stephen Salter |
| 释义 |
| name = Stephen Salter | image = | caption = | birth_date={{birth date and age|df=y|1938|12|7}}[1] | birth_place = Johannesburg, South Africa | nationality = | field = Engineering Geoengineering Fluid dynamics | work_institution = University of Edinburgh | alma_mater = University of Cambridge | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = • Salter's Duck • Cloud reflectivity enhancement • Wave generation and absorption in wave tanks | prizes = MBE, FRSE | footnotes = }}Stephen Hugh Salter, {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|sep=,|MBE|FRSE}} (born 7 December 1938) is Emeritus Professor of Engineering Design at the University of Edinburgh[2] and inventor of the eponymous Salter duck wave energy device.[3][4] Salter is also a proponent of geoengineering and is responsible for creating the concept of the mechanical enhancement of clouds to achieve cloud reflectivity enhancement.[5] The wide tank at the University of Edinburgh—a novel design and invention by Salter, built in 1977—was the world's first multi-directional wave tank equipped with absorbing wavemakers. Feedback control systems on the wavemaking flaps were used for the absorption of reflected waves, propagating along the water surface of the tank interior towards the 89 flaps.[6][7][8] Salter is a Specialist Advisor at wave energy company Aquamarine Power advising on the development of the Oyster wave energy converter.[9] Salter was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2004 Birthday Honours for services to engineering.[10] In 2012 he received the Royal Academy of Engineering Sustained Achievement Award.[11] Salter "has been one of the leading voices" of the marine cloud brightening movement.[12] Salter's duck{{Main|Salter's duck}}While historic references to the power of waves do exist, the modern scientific pursuit of wave energy was begun in the 1970s by Salter, in response to the oil crisis. His 1974 invention became known as Salter's Duck or Nodding Duck, although it was officially referred to as the "Edinburgh Duck". In small scale controlled tests, the Duck's curved cam-like body can stop 90% of wave motion and can convert 90% of that to electricity.[13] According to sworn testimony before the House of Parliament, The UK Wave Energy programme was shut down on 19 March 1982, in a closed meeting.[14][15] An analysis of Salter's Duck resulted in a miscalculation of the estimated cost of energy production by a factor of 10,[16] an error which was only recently identified. Some wave power advocates believe that this error, combined with a general lack of enthusiasm for renewable energy in the 1980s (after oil prices fell), hindered the advancement of wave power technology.[17] References1. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMDvAAAAIAAJ&q=Stephen+hugh+Salter+1938&dq=Stephen+hugh+Salter+1938&source=bl&ots=89y86i4C0K&sig=rD6Oxd_6TC9kquMBDx5CcF_hhoA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0SgcUJmsLoKDiwKUtYHgAg&redir_esc=y |title=Engineering at Edinburgh University: a short history, 1673-1983 - Ronald M. Birse - Google Books |via=Google Books|date= |accessdate=2013-11-27}} 2. ^{{cite web | last = Harvie | first = Barbra | title = Professor Stephen Salter | work = School of Engineering | publisher = University of Edinburgh | date = 2007-10-08 | url = http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/harvieb/salter.html | accessdate = 2009-03-01}} 3. ^{{cite web | last = McGrath | first = Jane | title = Could Salter's Duck have solved the oil crisis? | work = Green Science | publisher = HowStuffWorks | url = http://science.howstuffworks.com/salters-duck.htm | accessdate = 2009-03-01}} 4. ^{{ Cite journal | first=S.H. | last=Salter | title=Wave power | journal=Nature | volume=249 | issue=5459 | pages=720–724 | year=1974 | doi=10.1038/249720a0 |bibcode = 1974Natur.249..720S }} 5. ^{{ Cite journal | first1=Keith | last1=Bower | first2=Tom | last2=Choularton | first3=John | last3=Latham | first4=Jalil | last4=Sahraei | first5=Stephen | last5=Salter | title=Computational assessment of a proposed technique for global warming mitigation via albedo-enhancement of marine stratocumulus clouds | journal=Atmospheric Research | volume=82 | issue=1–2 | year=2006 | pages=328–336 | doi=10.1016/j.atmosres.2005.11.013 |bibcode = 2006AtmRe..82..328B }} 6. ^{{ Cite journal | first=S.H. | last=Salter | contribution=Absorbing wave-makers and wide tanks | publisher=ASCE | title=Conference on Directional Wave Spectra Applications | year=1981 | pages=185–202 }} 7. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.mech.ed.ac.uk/research/wavepower/wide%20tank/widetank.html | title=Wide Wave Tank 1977 – 2001 | publisher=University of Edinburgh | accessdate=2009-03-02}} 8. ^{{cite web | title=Wave master | publisher=The Engineer | date=10 April 2007 | url=http://www.theengineer.co.uk/Articles/299034/Wave+master.htm | accessdate=2009-03-02}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aquamarinepower.com/news-and-events/news/latest-news/view/72/appointment-of-specialist-advisor-professor-stephen-salter/ |title=Aquamarine Power |publisher=Aquamarine Power |date=2013-11-13 |accessdate=2013-11-27}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/57315/supplements/21 |title=''The London Gazette'', Number 57315, Saturday 12 June 2004 |publisher=London-gazette.co.uk |date=2004-06-12 |accessdate=2013-11-27}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.raeng.org.uk/news/releases/shownews.htm?NewsID=779|title=Wave energy pioneer receives top Academy Award|publisher=Royal Academy of Engineering|accessdate=2013-02-25}} 12. ^{{cite web|first1=Tim|last1=Smedley|accessdate=2019-03-01|title=How artificially brightened clouds could stop climate change|url=http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20190220-how-artificially-brightened-clouds-could-stop-climate-change|website=www.bbc.com}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mech.ed.ac.uk/research/wavepower/EWPP%20archive/duck%20efficiency%20&%20survival%20notes.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001110556/http://www.mech.ed.ac.uk/research/wavepower/EWPP%20archive/duck%20efficiency%20&%20survival%20notes.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2006-10-01|format=PDF|title=Edinburgh Wave Energy Project|publisher=University of Edinburgh|accessdate=2008-10-22}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200001/cmselect/cmsctech/291/1031409.htm|title=Memorandum submitted by Professor S H Salter, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Edinburgh|publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom|accessdate=2008-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301014218/http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200001/cmselect/cmsctech/291/1031409.htm|archivedate=2012-03-01|date=2001-02-09}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.homepages.ed.ac.uk/shs/Wave%20Energy/2_House%20of%20Lords%20evidence.pdf|title=Further Memorandum by S H Salter, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Edinburgh|publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom|date=1988-06-01|via=S.H. Salter online archive|accessdate=2017-12-29}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.earthsci.org/mineral/energy/wavpwr/wavepwr.html|title=Water Power Devices|publisher=Earth Science Australia|accessdate=2008-10-22}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greenleft.org.au/1992/64/2832|title=The untimely death of Salter's Duck|publisher=Green Left Weekly|accessdate=2008-10-22|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010094717/http://www.greenleft.org.au/1992/64/2832|archivedate=10 October 2008|df=dmy-all}} Further reading
9 : 1938 births|Living people|People from Johannesburg|Academics of the University of Edinburgh|Fluid dynamicists|Members of the Order of the British Empire|Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|Geoengineers|People associated with renewable energy |
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