| 词条 | Steve McKinney (skier) |
| 释义 |
| name = Steve McKinney | image = | caption = | birth_date = 1953 | birth_place = Baltimore, Maryland | death_date = {{Death date|1990|11|10|}} | death_place = Sacramento, California | occupation = Speed skier, mountaineer | known_for = First person to break 200 km/h on skis; first person to fly a hang-glider off Mount Everest | website = }} Steve McKinney (1953 – November 10, 1990) was an American Alpine skier and mountaineer who is acknowledged as an early pioneer in the sport of extreme skiing.[1] A gifted all-around athlete, McKinney is best remembered as a world-class speed skier. In 1978 at Portillo, Chile, McKinney's record-breaking run of 200.222 km/h (124.137 mph)[2] made him the first speed skier to break the 200 km/h barrier.[3] Between 1974 and 1987, McKinney set seven world speed skiing records[4] in competitions around the world. In the 1980s, McKinney became an accomplished mountain climber. In 1986 he led an expedition to Mount Everest,[5] during which he became the first person to fly a hang-glider off the mountain.[6] Steve was one of eight McKinney children. His half-sister, Tamara McKinney, became a world champion World Cup skier. Early lifeMcKinney was born in Baltimore, Maryland[7] in 1953. He and his family settled near Lake Tahoe, California. Steve regularly skied at nearby Squaw Valley, and was a junior ski racer with the Far West Ski Association. He graduated from high school through correspondence courses, and briefly attended the University of Colorado in 1971. He quit college soon after and joined the U.S. Ski Team as a downhill specialist. The independent-minded McKinney clashed with the team's authorities. He finally left the team in 1973 after making an advertising transaction, for which he was disqualified from amateur status.[8] After his departure from the U.S. Ski Team, McKinney's next pursuit was mountain climbing. One of his first ascents was at Donner Summit near Lake Tahoe. While attempting to climb a route called Rated X, McKinney fell 100 feet off the rock wall and broke his back and a heel bone.[9][10] He spent the next several months in a full-torso body cast. Speed skiing{{Quote box |quoted=true |bgcolor=#FFFFFF |salign=center |align=right |width=33% |quote=Steve was probably the most important speed skier who ever lived. He marked it more than anyone. He was special.|source=Dick Dorworth[11]}}During winters at Squaw Valley, McKinney gained a reputation there for skiing long, expert-level runs at high speed using 225 cm downhill skis. McKinney learned about speed skiing from his friend, Dick Dorworth,[12] who was the first skier to break 105 mph. In speed skiing, the limits were few, so McKinney could ski as fast as he dared. In 1973, on a whim, he took a flight to Milan, Italy, and then hitchhiked to Cervinia to watch speed skiing on the Kilometro Lanciato ('flying kilometer'). He made his first tentative speed runs there, despite still wearing the body cast from his broken back. The following year, in 1974, McKinney returned to Cervinia and established his first world speed skiing record, passing through the speed traps at 189.473 km/h (117.7 mph).[13] His record was surpassed the following year at Cervinia. Two years after that, at Portillo, Chile in 1977, McKinney set a new record at 198.020 km/h (123.0 mph). In 1978 at Portillo, McKinney broke his own record. His run at 200.222 km/h (124.137 mph) marked the first time a skier had ever broken the 200 km/h barrier. This record would stand for four years. In 1982 at Silverton, Colorado, McKinney saw his record surpassed by Franz Weber, with a run of more than 203 km/h. McKinney had been the fastest skier in the world for five years. In 1987, in something of a comeback, McKinney set his last world speed skiing record of 209.790 km/h (130.4 mph), the fastest speed he had ever recorded in competition. The record fell the same year. He never again held the title of fastest man in skis. During his speed skiing career, McKinney introduced rubberized ski suits and special aerodynamic helmets, both of which became standard equipment for the sport.[14][15] MountaineeringIn 1981, McKinney took part in the Everest Grand Circle Expedition, the first expedition to navigate a circle around Mount Everest.[16] This also included the first winter ascent of Pumori by an American team. In 1984, McKinney and Jim Bridwell undertook a successful ski descent of Denali.[17] In 1986, McKinney returned to Everest as an expedition leader. He became the first person to fly a hang-glider at Mount Everest, making a flight from the West Ridge at about 22,000 feet. He also made an earlier, test flight at Base Camp, in which he survived a spectacular crash into a glacial moraine.[18] DeathIn the early hours of November 10, 1990, while on his way to San Francisco for a business meeting, McKinney pulled his Volkswagen off of Interstate 5 near Sacramento, California. Another car veered off the road and slammed into the back of the parked Volkswagen, killing McKinney. According to investigators, McKinney's car may have had mechanical problems, and he had apparently climbed into the back seat to sleep before seeking help.[19] HonorsMcKinney was honored posthumously with the North American Snowsports Journalists Association's inaugural Lifetime Achievement Award for 1992-93, for outstanding contributions to skiing.[20][21] Quotations
External links
References1. ^http://squawmedia.squaw.com/history {{DEFAULTSORT:McKinney, Steve}}2. ^http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20072676,00.html 3. ^{{cite news| url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1120487/index.htm | work=CNN | title=Video | date=February 7, 1983}} 4. ^http://www.usaspeedskiers.com/records.htm 5. ^Unsworth, Walt, Everest: The Mountaineering History, [London, UK: The Mountaineers, 2000], p.626 6. ^http://www.flymicro.com/everest/index.cfm?page=docs%2FHistory%2FHang_gliders_and_Paragliders.htm#_1986 7. ^http://rgj.p2ionline.com/magazine/ss/index.aspx?adgroupid=33269&webstoryid=8183776&articleID=8183775&adid=1257835&type=art&&menu=43 8. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954103-3,00.html | work=Time | title=Their Success Is All in the Family | first1=Tom | last1=Callahan | first2=Gary | last2=Lee | date=January 30, 1984}} 9. ^{{cite journal |url= |title=How Fast Can I Go? A Tale of Speed Skiers Who Found Out |author=Miller, Peter |journal=Skiing Heritage Journal |date=Sep 1999 |pages=11–20}} 10. ^{{cite journal |url= |title=How Fast Can I Go? A Tale of Speed Skiers Who Found Out |author=Miller, Peter |journal=Skiing Heritage Journal |date=Sep 1999 |pages=22}} 11. ^http://rgj.p2ionline.com/magazine/ss/index.aspx?adgroupid=33269&webstoryid=8183776&articleID=8183775&adid=1257835&type=art&&menu=43 12. ^{{cite journal |url= |title=How Fast Can I Go? A Tale of Speed Skiers Who Found Out |author=Miller, Peter |journal=Skiing Heritage Journal |date=Sep 1999 |pages=22}} 13. ^http://www.usaspeedskiers.com/records.htm 14. ^http://www.crosscreekcabinsv.com/history.htm 15. ^http://www.speedski.com/speed/JeffHamilton-CBS.htm 16. ^http://www2.thenorthface.com/na/our-story.html 17. ^http://www2.thenorthface.com/na/our-story.html 18. ^http://www.flymicro.com/everest/index.cfm?page=docs%2FHistory%2FHang_gliders_and_Paragliders.htm 19. ^{{cite news| url=http://articles.latimes.com/1990-11-13/sports/sp-4295_1_tamara-mckinney | work=Los Angeles Times | date=November 13, 1990}} 20. ^http://www.nasja.org/nasja/meetings/pastawards.htm 21. ^http://www.skinews.com/profile.htm 22. ^Ilg, Steve, The Winter Athlete: Secrets of Holistic Fitness for Outdoor Performance, [Boulder, Colorado: Johnson Publishing Company, 1999], p.77 23. ^http://www.tahoetopia.com/news/famous-skiers-tahoe 6 : 1953 births|American male alpine skiers|American mountain climbers|Speed skiers|Road incident deaths in California|1990 deaths |
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