| 词条 | St Helena Tunnel |
| 释义 |
|name = St Helena Tunnel |image = File:St_helena_tunnel.png |caption = St Helena tunnel on opening day |location = Ewingsdale, New South Wales, Australia |coordinates = {{Coord|-28.6527|153.5482|format=dms|display=title,inline|region:AU-NSW_type:landmark}} |route = Pacific Highway |status = Open |start = |end = |startwork = 27 September 2012 |opened = 18 December 2015 |close = |owner = Roads & Maritime Services |operator = |traffic = Automotive (Cyclists and Pedestrians in side lane) |character = Dual carriageway grade-separated national highway |toll = |vpd = |construction = Lend Lease |length = {{convert|434|m}} |lanes = Built for 3 lanes each direction, opened as 2 northbound & 3 southbound lanes |speed = {{convert|110|km/h}}[1] |hielevation = |lowelevation = |height = {{convert|5.3|m}} |width = {{convert|13.3|m}} |grade = 2.2% }} The St Helena Tunnel is a twin-tube road tunnel that forms part of the Pacific Highway near {{NSWcity|Byron Bay}}, New South Wales, Australia. The {{convert|434|m|ft|adj=mid|-long}} tunnel under St Helena Hill in the locality of Ewingsdale was built as part of the {{convert|17|km|adj=on}} Tintenbar to Ewingsdale upgrade, which involved a new alignment of the highway. FeaturesThe tunnel was built to avoid the steep grades of St Helena Hill on the previous alignment of the highway, and the associated heavy truck noise and pollution. At its deepest point the tunnel is {{convert|45|m}} below the {{convert|131|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} ridge line. There are two tunnels, with the northbound tunnel accommodating two traffic lanes and the southbound three traffic lanes, due to the gradient of the highway at this point. There is also a bicycle/pedestrian lane in each tunnel.[1] The cost of the Tintenbar-Ewingsdale upgrade project was $862 million, jointly funded by the New South Wales and Federal governments. It opened on 18 December 2015. The remaining tie in work at each end was completed in March 2016.[2]{{update after|2015}} The St Helena Road passes over the top of the tunnel and provides local access between the Bangalow Road (B62) that is a link between {{NSWcity|Bangalow}} and Byron Bay.[3] Milestones
GallerySee also{{stack|{{portal|New South Wales|Australian roads}}}}
References1. ^{{cite web |title=Environmental Assessment Submissions Report |work=NSW Roads & bTraffic Authority |publisher=Government of New South Wales |date=May 2009 |url=http://majorprojects.planning.nsw.gov.au/files/36070/Submissions%20Report%20and%20Preferred%20Project%20Report.pdf |accessdate=3 February 2011}} 2. ^{{cite news | title =Planning approval given for Tintenbar-Ewingsdale Pacific Highway upgrade | work = | publisher = farnorthcoaster.com.au | date =29 January 2010 | url = http://www.farnorthcoaster.com.au/news/7876/planning-approval-given-for-tintenbar-ewingsdale-pacific-highway-upgrade/ | accessdate = 3 February 2011}} 3. ^{{cite map |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/-28.5879861,153.5446912/-28.6528351,153.5483945/@-28.6542424,153.5449588,17.33z/data=!4m2!4m1!3e0?hl=en |title=3776 Pacific Highway, Tyagarah NSW 2481, Australia to Saint Helen Tunnel, Ewingsdale NSW 2481, Australia |publisher=Google Maps |date=2016 |access-date=26 November 2016 }} 4. ^1 {{cite news | title = Pacific Highway Tintenbar to Ewingsdale Upgrade| work = | publisher =RTA | date = | url = http://www.rms.nsw.gov.au/projects/northern-nsw/tintenbar-to-ewingsdale/index.html | accessdate = 30 January 2017}} 5. ^{{cite news | title =Another stage of Pacific Hwy duplication gets all clear| work = | publisher =Australasian Transport News | date =9 August 2011| url = http://www.fullyloaded.com.au/industry-news/articleid/75218.aspx| accessdate = 9 August 2011}} 6. ^{{cite web | publisher = Northern Star Ltd | title = Tunnel breakthrough a major milestone for highway upgrade | work = Northern Star| date = 2014-01-24 | url = http://www.northernstar.com.au/news/tunnel-breakthrough-a-major-milestone-for-highway-/2149660/ | accessdate = 2014-02-03 | author = Rodney Stevens}} External links
4 : Tunnels in New South Wales|Northern Rivers|Pacific Highway (Australia)|Road tunnels in Australia |
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