“Stratford (New Zealand electorate)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Stratford (New Zealand electorate)

释义

Population centres
History
Members of Parliament
Election results
1931 election 1928 election 1920 by-election
Notes
References

Stratford is a former parliamentary electorate, in Taranaki, New Zealand. It existed from 1908 to 1946, and from 1954 to 1978. It was represented by six Members of Parliament.

Population centres

In the 1907 electoral redistribution, a major change that had to be allowed for was a reduction of the tolerance to ±750 to those electorates where the country quota applied. The North Island had once again a higher population growth than the South Island, and three seats were transferred from south to north. In the resulting boundary distribution, every existing electorate was affected, and three electorates were established for the first time, including the Stratford electorate. These changes took effect with the {{NZ election link|1908}}.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=71f}}

The electorate was mixed urban and rural, with the town of Stratford located near the electorate's southern boundary. In the 1908 election, the rural / urban split for the country quote was a ratio of 4 to 1, and it more or less held this ratio until the country quota was abolished.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=71–95}} In the 1918 electoral redistribution, the town of Inglewood was gained from the adjacent {{NZ electorate link|Taranaki}} electorate.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=74–79}} In the 1927 electoral redistribution, the electorate was not landlocked any longer for the first time, but gained the North Taranaki Bight coastline from just east of Waitara to the Mokau River, and the settlement of Mokau was thus gained.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=86f}}

The Electoral Amendment Act 1945 abolished the country quote, and this was implemented through the 1946 electoral redistribution, which saw a reduction in the number of rural electorates, and an increase in their size. Many electorates were abolished, including Stratford, and its area was subsumed in the enlarged {{NZ electorate link|Waitomo}} electorate.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=90–95}}

The First Labour Government was defeated in the {{NZ election link|1949}} and the incoming National Government changed the Electoral Act, with the electoral quota once again based on total population as opposed to qualified electors, and the tolerance was increased to 7.5% of the electoral quota. There was no adjustments in the number of electorates between the South and North Islands, but the law changes resulted in boundary adjustments to almost every electorate through the 1952 electoral redistribution; only five electorates were unaltered.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=99f}} Five electorates were reconstituted (including Stratford) and one was newly created, and a corresponding six electorates were abolished; all of these in the North Island.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=95–100}} These changes took effect with the {{NZ election link|1954}}.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|p=99}}

History

The electorate existed from 1908 to 1946, and from 1954 to 1978.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=272}} The first representative was the conservative politician John Bird Hine, who defeated Walter Symes of the Liberal Party.^[1] Symes had held the {{NZ electorate link|Patea}} electorate from {{NZ election link|1902}} to 1908, which then included the town of Stratford.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=238}}{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=66–70}}

Hine joined the Reform Party when it established itself in 1909.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=205}} In the {{NZ election link|1919}}, Hine was defeated by Robert Masters of the Liberal Party.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|pp=205, 219}} The 1919 election was declared void, but Masters won the resulting {{By-election link|Stratford|1920}}.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=219}}

Members of Parliament

The Stratford electorate was represented by six Members of Parliament:{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=272}}

Key{{Party index link|Independent politician}}{{Party index link|Reform Party (New Zealand)}}{{Party index link|New Zealand Liberal Party}}{{Party index link|New Zealand National Party}}

Election	Winner
{{NZ election link\|1908}}	Independent politician\|5}}	John Bird Hine
{{NZ election link\|1908}}	Reform Party (New Zealand)}}
1911}}	Reform Party (New Zealand)}}
1914}}	Reform Party (New Zealand)}}
1919}}¹	New Zealand Liberal Party}}	Robert Masters
Stratford\|1920}}
1922}}
1925}}	Reform Party (New Zealand)}}	Edward Walter
1928}}	Independent politician}}	William Polson
1931}}
{{NZ election link\|1935}}
{{NZ election link\|1935}}	New Zealand National Party}}
1938}}
1943}}
{{Small\|(electorate abolished 1946–1954)}}
1954}}	New Zealand National Party}}	Thomas Murray
1957}}
1960}}
1963}}	New Zealand National Party}}	David Thomson
1966}}
1969}}
1972}}
1975}}
{{Small\|(Electorate abolished in 1978)}}

¹Robert Masters was elected in 1919; the election was declared void but Masters was elected in the subsequent {{By-election link|Stratford|1920}}

Election results

1931 election

{{Election box begin | title=1931 general election: Stratford^[2]
}}
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = William Polson
|votes = 3,554
|percentage = 42.50
|change = -13.48

 }} {{Election box candidate minor party

|color = #00BB00
|party = Independent Reform
|candidate = J W McMillan{{refn|group=nb|McMillan claimed to stand for the Reform Party, but he was not the official candidate, as the United/Reform Coalition endorsed William Polson, who ran as an Independent^[3]}}
|votes = 2,036
|percentage = 24.35
|change =

 }} {{Election box candidate with party link

 }} {{Election box candidate with party link

 }} {{Election box informal

|votes = 33
|percentage = 0.39
|change = -0.30

 }} {{Election box majority

|votes = 1,518
|percentage = 18.15
|change = +6.18{{Election box turnout
|votes = 8,395
|percentage = 86.81
|change = -4.39

 }} {{Election box Registered electors

|reg. electors = 9,670{{Election box end}}

Table footnotes:

1. ^{{cite web |title=The General Election, 1908 |url= http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1909-II.2.5.2.12 |publisher=National Library |accessdate=14 April 2012 |page=11 | year=1909}}
2. ^{{cite book |title=The General Election, 1931 |year=1932 |publisher=Government Printer |url= http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1932-I-II.2.3.2.31 |page=4 |accessdate=2 November 2014}}
3. ^{{cite news |title=Stratford Electorate |url= http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NZH19311113.2.123 |accessdate=6 December 2014 |work=The New Zealand Herald |volume=LXVIII |issue=21029 |date=13 November 1931 |page=11}}
4. ^{{cite book |title=The General Election, 1928 |year=1929 |publisher=Government Printer |url= http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1929-I.2.3.2.37 |page=5 |accessdate=29 November 2014}}

1928 election

{{Election box begin | title=1928 general election: Stratford^[4]
}}
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = William Polson
|votes = 4,592
|percentage = 55.99
|change =

 }} {{Election box candidate with party link

 }} {{Election box informal

|votes = 57
|percentage = 0.69
|change =

 }} {{Election box majority

|votes = 982
|percentage = 11.97
|change ={{Election box turnout
|votes = 8,259
|percentage = 91.21
|change =

 }} {{Election box Registered electors

|reg. electors = 9,055{{Election box end}}

1920 by-election

Notes

References

{{cite book |ref=harv |title=Electoral Atlas of New Zealand |last=McRobie |first=Alan |year=1989 |publisher=GP Books |location=Wellington |isbn=0-477-01384-8}}
{{cite book |ref= harv |last= Wilson |first= James Oakley |title= New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 |edition= 4th |origyear=First published in 1913 |year= 1985 |publisher= V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer |location= Wellington |oclc= 154283103}}

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