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词条 Style of the Portuguese sovereign
释义

  1. Style of Title

  2. Style of Address

  3. See also

  4. References

{{ref improve|date=May 2012}}

The style of Portuguese sovereign has varied over the years. Currently, there is no Portuguese monarch but there is a pretender: Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza. He styles himself following some of the ancient traditions of the Portuguese monarchy.

Style of Title

During the history of Portuguese monarchy, the Portuguese kings used the following styles:

TimeStyleUsed byReason
1128–1129By the Grace of God, Duke of Portugal
(Dei Gratiæ, Dux Portugalliæ)		Afonso I
1129–1139By the Grace of God, Prince of Portugal
(Dei Gratiæ, Princeps Portugalliæ)		Afonso I
1140–1189By the Grace of God, King of the Portuguese
(Dei Gratiæ, Rex Portugalensium)		Afonso I, Sancho I
1189–1191By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and Silves
(Dei Gratiæ, Rex Portugalliæ et Silbis)		Sancho IConquest of Silves (1189)
1191–1248By the Grace of God, King of Portugal
(Dei Gratiæ, Rex Portugaliæ)		Sancho I, Afonso II, Sancho IILoss of Silves to the Almohads (1191)
1248–1249By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and Count of Boulogne
(Dei Gratiæ, Rex Portugaliæ & Comes Boloniæ)		Afonso IIIAfonso, married to Matilda II, Countess of Boulogne-sur-Mer, succeeds his brother Sancho on the Portuguese throne (January 1248)
1249–1253By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarve, Count of Boulogne
(Dei Gratiæ, Rex Portugaliæ & Algarbii & Comes Boloniæ)		Afonso IIIConquest of the Moorish kingdom of the Algarve (Al'Garb Al'Andalus) (1249)
1253–1369By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarve
(Dei Gratiæ, Rex Portugaliæ & Algarbii)		Afonso III, Denis, Afonso IV, Peter I, Ferdinand IAfonso III repudiates Matilda and relinquishes his title of Count (1253)
1369–1371By the Grace of God, King of Castile, León, Portugal, Toledo, Galicia, Seville, Córdoba, Murcia, Jaén, the Algarve, and Algeciras and Lord of MolinaFerdinand IFerndinand I of Portugal is a pretender to the Castilian Crown, being a legitimate great-grandson of Sancho IV of Castile (1369)
1371–1383By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the AlgarveFerdinand IRenunciation of Castilian titles after the Peace of Alcoutim (1371)
1385–1415By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the AlgarveJohn IElection of the Portuguese king (6 April 1385)
1415–1458By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarve and Lord of CeutaJohn I, Edward I, Afonso VConquest of Ceuta (1415)
1458–1471By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarve and Lord of Ceuta and Alcácer in AfricaAfonso VConquest of El Ksar as-Saghir (Alcácer-Ceguer) (1458)
1471–1475By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarves on this side of the seas and beyond them in Africa[1]Afonso VConquest of Asilah and Tangiers (1471) and elevation of the Portuguese lordship in northern Africa to the condition of Kingdom of the Algarve Beyond the Sea
1475–1479date=March 2009}} Seville, Cordoba, Jaén, Murcia, the Algarves on this side of the seas and beyond them in Africa, Gibraltar, and Algeciras and Lord of Biscay and MolinaAfonso VPretension of Afonso V to the Castilian Crown, due to his marriage with Joan, Princess of Castile (1475)
1479–1485By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarves on this side of the seas and beyond them in AfricaAfonso V, John IIRenunciation of the Castilian titles after the Treaty of Alcáçovas (1479)
1485–1499By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarves on this side of the seas and beyond them in Africa and Lord of GuineaJohn II, Manuel ICreation of the Lordship of Guinea, comprising the Portuguese colonies on the Gulf of Guinea (1485)
1499–1580By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarves on this side of the seas and beyond them in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and India, etc.Manuel I, John III, Sebastian, Henry, António, Prior of CratoThe return of Vasco da Gama from India in 1499
1581–1640By the Grace of God, King of Castile, León, Aragon, the two Sicilies, Jerusalem, Portugal, Navarre, Granada, Toledo, Valencia, Galicia, Majorca, Seville, Sardinia, Cordoba, Corsica, Murcia, Jaén, the Algarves, Algeciras, Gibraltar, the Canary Islands, the Eastern & Western Indies, and the Islands & Mainland of the Ocean Sea, Count of Barcelona, Lord of Biscay and Molina, Duke of Athens and Neopatria, Count of Roussillon and Cerdagne, Margrave of Oristano and Goceano, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, and Milan, Count of Habsburg, Flanders, Tyrol, etc.Philip I, Philip II, Philip IIIPersonal union with Spain
1640–1815By the Grace of God, King [or Queen] of Portugal and the Algarves before and beyond the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and India, etc.
(Dei gratia rex Portugaliæ & Algarbiorum citra ultraque mare in Africa, dominus Guineæ, atque expugnationis, navigationis, & commercii Æthiopiæ, Arabiæ, Persiæ, & Indiæ, &c.[2])		John IV, Afonso VI, Peter II, João V, Joseph I, Maria I (with Peter III)Restoration of an independent Portugal
1815–1822By the Grace of God, King [or Queen] of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves on this side of the seas and beyond them in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and India, etc.Maria I, John VICreation of the Kingdom of Brazil (1815)
1822–1823By the Grace of God and by the Constitution of the Monarchy, King of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves on this side of the seas and beyond them in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and India, etc.John VIApproval of the first Portuguese Constitution (1822)
1823–1825By the Grace of God, King of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves on this side of the seas and beyond them in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and India, etc.John VISuspension of the first Portuguese Constitution after the Vilafrancada coup
1825–1826By the Grace of God, [Titular] Emperor of Brazil, King of Portugal and the Algarves on this side of the seas and beyond them in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and India, etc.John VIBrazilian independence
1826By the Grace of God and Unanimous Acclamation of the People, Constitutional Emperor and Perpetual Defender of Brazil, King of Portugal and the Algarves on this side of the seas and beyond them in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and India, etc.Pedro IVPersonal Union of Portugal and Brazil
1826–1838By the Grace of God, King [or Queen] of Portugal and the Algarves on this side of the seas and beyond them in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and India, etc.Maria II, Miguel I, Maria II (with Ferdinand II)Peter's abdication of Portugal
1838–1842By the Grace of God and by the Constitution of the Monarchy, King [or Queen] of Portugal and the Algarves on this side of the seas and beyond them in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and India, etc.Maria II (with Ferdinand II)The Portuguese Constitution of 1838
1842–1910By the Grace of God, King [or Queen] of Portugal and the Algarves on this side of the seas and beyond them in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and India, etc.Maria II (with Ferdinand II), Pedro V, Luís I, Carlos I, Manuel IIThe Portuguese Constitutional Chart of 1826 was restored

Style of Address

The attribute of the Portuguese sovereign also changed several times as well:

TimeAttribute
1139–c. 1433His Mercy
(Sua Mercê)
c. 1433–1577His Highness
(Sua Alteza)
1577–1578His Majesty
(Sua Majestade)
1578–1580His Royal Highness
(Sua Alteza Real)
1580–1748His Majesty
(Sua Majestade)
1748–1825His/Her Most Faithful Majesty
(Sua Majestade Fidelíssima)
1825–1826His Imperial and Royal Majesty
(Sua Majestade Imperial e Real)
1826–1910His/Her Most Faithful Majesty
(Sua Majestade Fidelíssima)

See also

  • List of titles and honours of the Portuguese Crown
  • List of Portuguese monarchs

References

1. ^Note that when referring to the Algarves, in the plural, the title refers not only to the Algarve, but also to the Portuguese possessions in North Africa (Ceuta, Alcácer Ceguer (El Qsar es Seghir), Arzila (Asilah), Tangier, Mazagan (El Jadida), Ouadane, Safim (Safi), Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué (Agadir), Mogador (Essaouira), Aguz (Souira Guedima) and Azamor (Azemmour)), thus adding the descriptive "Algarves beyond the seas in Africa".
2. ^"[https://books.google.com/books?id=mDPF4ILESaUC&pg=PA333 Treaty of the Hague]". {{la-icon}} In Davenport, Frances G. European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2004.
{{Portuguese Monarchy Topics}}{{Imperial and royal styles}}

2 : Portuguese monarchy|Styles of sovereigns
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