| 词条 | Mikhail Gromov (aviator) | ||||||
| 释义 |
|name= Mikhail Gromov Михаи́л Гро́мов |image= Gromov Mihail Mihajlovich 1934.jpg |image_size= 220 |alt= |caption= Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gromov, 1934 |full_name= Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gromov |birth_date= {{Birth date|df=y|1899|2|23}} |birth_place= Tver, Tver Governorate, Russian Empire |death_date= {{Death date and age|df=y|1985|1|22|1899|2|23}} |death_place=Moscow |death_cause= |resting_place=Novodevichy Cemetery |resting_place_coordinates= |monuments=Zhukovsky, Russia at the headquarters of the Gromov Flight Research Institute |nationality=Russian |spouse= |relatives= |known_for=Establishing a new non-stop flight distance record of 12411 kilometers (6,306 mi) from Moscow to San Jacinto, California, U.S |first_flight_aircraft=Farman IV |first_flight_date=1917 |famous_flights={{flatlist|
}} |license_date=1918 |license_place=Moscow |air_force=Imperial Russian Army→ Soviet Air Forces |battles= |rank= General-Polkovnik of aviation (1944) |awards= Hero of the Soviet Union Order of Lenin (4) Order of the October Revolution Order of Red Banner (4) Order of Suvorov (2nd class) Order of the Patriotic War Order of the Red Star National Order of the Legion of Honour |first_race = |racing_best = |racing_aircraft = |website= }}Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gromov ({{lang-ru|link=no|Михаи́л Миха́йлович Гро́мов}}; 23 February 1899 – 22 January 1985) was a Russian and Soviet military aviator, test pilot, researcher, and Hero of the Soviet Union.[1] BiographyMikhail Gromov's father, Mikhail Konstantinovich Gromov, was of noble intelligentsia, served as military medic. His mother, Lyubov Ignatyevna Andreeva, was from peasant family, had obstetrician training. Mikhail Gromov spent his childhood in Kaluga, Rzhev[2], Myza-Raevo (near Moscow)[3]. He graduated from Voskresensky Real School in Moscow, in 1916-1917 he studied in IMTS. In 1917 Mikhail Gromov graduated from aviation theoretical courses at IMTS and started his army service. Upon graduation from the Moscow Central Aviation School in 1918 serves as a flight instructor and military pilot. In 1923 Mikhail Gromov won Soviet championship in weightlifting (heavy body mass, over 82,5 kg). Since 1925 started working as a test pilot testing the aeroplanes designed by Andrei Tupolev and Nikolai Polikarpov in Air Force Research Institute. Later (from 1930 to 1941) he worked in the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute and became chief-pilot .[4] On 25 April 1927 made the first Soviet parachute jump out of a Polikarpov I-1 under testing that had entered an unrecoverable spin.[5] In June-September 1925 flew the Polikarpov R-1 in the long-haul group flight of nine aeroplanes on the route Moscow-Beijing-Tokyo. On 30 August 1926 started and completed in 3 days a {{convert|7150|km|mi|sp=us}} European promotional flight in a Tupolev ANT-3 on the route Moscow-Königsberg-Berlin-Paris-Rome-Vienna-Prague-Warsaw-Moscow. On September 10-12, 1934 Mikhail Gromov together with A. I. Filin and I. T. Spirin in a Tupolev ANT-25 made a record closed-circle non-stop flight by the route Moscow-Ryazan-Kharkov (12,411 kilometers in 75 hours). He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for this deed. On 12–14 July 1937 together with A. B. Yumashev and S. A. Danilin established a new non-stop flight distance record of {{convert|10148|km|mi|sp=us}} from Moscow to San Jacinto, US, via the North Pole in a Tupolev ANT-25.[6] He used his influence and renown among the government to attain reconsideration of Sergei Korolev's case, which resulted in his transfer from prison camp at Kolyma to TsKB-29. From March to August 1941 he was the first director of the Flight Research Institute, a flight research and testing centre in Zhukovsky. The name of M. M. Gromov was awarded to the institute in 1991 to celebrate 50th anniversary of the institute. During the World War II he took command of several units:
After the war Mikhail Gromov was deputy commander of the Long-Range Aviation from 1946 to 1949. Later, till 1955, he was head of Department of flight service of Ministry of Aviation Industry. In 1955 he was discharged. Since 1937 to 1946 Mikhail Gromov was deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1st convocation). In late 1940th initiated the establishment of the Fedotov Test Pilot School.[7] From 1959 to 1961 Mikhail Gromov headed the Weightlifting Federation of USSR. Gromov dwelt in Moscow. Gromov's wife, Nina Georgievna Gromova (1922-2019), was an equestrian sportswoman[8]. He is buried at Novodevichy Cemetery. MemoryMonumentsIn philatelyIn phaleristicsThe Gromov Medal was established in March 2011 by the Gromov Flight Research Institute as a highest corporate award in memory of the founder of the institute. [9]References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=530|title=Громов Михаил Михайлович|website=www.warheroes.ru|access-date=2018-02-17}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://rjev.bezformata.com/listnews/pamyatnika-geroyu-sssr-m-m-gromovu/59150764/|title=Открытие памятника Герою СССР М.М. Громову.|website=rjev.bezformata.com|access-date=2019-02-10}} 3. ^{{Cite book|title=На земле и в небе|last=Gromov|first=Mikhail|publisher=Гласность-АС|year=2005|isbn=5-85868-004-6|location=Moscow|pages=}} 4. ^{{cite book |last=Громов |first=Михаил |date=1986 |title=Через всю жизнь |trans-title=Through the Whole Life |language=RU |location=Москва |publisher=Молодая гвардия |pages=190 |isbn=}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Gunston|first=Bill|authorlink=Bill Gunston |title=The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995|publisher=Osprey|location=London|date=1995|isbn=1-85532-405-9}}, pp. 286-287. 6. ^{{cite book |last=Gromov |first=M. M. |date=1939 |title=Across the North pole to America |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Across-America-Mikhail-Mikhailovich-Gromov/dp/B0006APDGA |language=EN |location=Moscow |publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House |pages=38 |isbn=}} 7. ^{{cite book |last1= |first1= |date=2002 |editor-last=Знаменская |editor-first=Наталья |title=ШЛИ со временем |trans-title=ShLI in Time |url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/search#yf=2002&yt=2002&q=%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC |language=RU |edition=2 |location=Жуковский |publisher=ООО "Редакция газеты "Жуковские вести" |pages=400 |isbn=}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.equnews.ru/drugie-vidy-sporta/legendy-ne-stareyut-nina-georgievna-gr/|title=Легенды не стареют! Нина Георгиевна Громова снова в седле|website=Equnews.ru|language=ru-RU|access-date=2019-02-11}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lii.ru/news.html?id=16 |title=Establishing the Gromov Medal |author= |date=2011 |website=www.lii.ru |publisher=Gromov Flight Research Institute |language=RU |access-date=18 December 2017}} External links
16 : 1899 births|1985 deaths|People from Tver|People from Tver Governorate|Russian aviators|Soviet World War II pilots|Heroes of the Soviet Union|Soviet test pilots|Flight distance record holders|Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner|Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 2nd class|Recipients of the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class|Soviet colonel generals|Soviet Air Force generals|Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur|Russian aviation record holders |
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