| 词条 | Miles Joseph Berkeley |
| 释义 |
| name = Miles Joseph Berkeley | image = Miles Joseph Berkeley00.jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1803|04|01|df=yes}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{Death date and age|1889|07|30|1803|04|01|df=yes}} | death_place = | nationality = British | other_names = | occupation = vicar | known_for = Outlines of British Fungology | awards = Royal Medal {{small|(1863)}} }} Miles Joseph Berkeley (1 April 1803 – 30 July 1889) was an English cryptogamist and clergyman, and one of the founders of the science of plant pathology. {{botanist|Berk.|Berkeley, Miles Joseph|border=0|inline=1}} LifeBerkeley was born at Biggin Hall, Benefield, Northamptonshire, and educated at Rugby School and Christ's College, Cambridge.[1] Taking holy orders, he became incumbent of Apethorpe in 1837, and vicar of Sibbertoft, near Market Harborough, in 1868. He acquired an enthusiastic love of cryptogamic botany (lichens) in his early years, and soon was recognized as the leading British authority on fungi and plant pathology. Christ's College made him an honorary fellow in 1883.[1] He was well known as a systematist in mycology with some 6000 species of fungi being credited to him, but his Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany, published in 1857, and his papers on Vegetable Pathology in the Gardener's Chronicle in 1854 and onwards, show that he had a broad grasp of the whole domain of physiology and morphology as understood in those days. Berkeley began his work as a field naturalist and collector, his earliest objects of study having been the mollusca and other branches of zoology, as testified by his papers in the Zoological Journal and the Magazine of Natural History, between 1828 and 1836.{{sfn|Boulger|1901}} As a microscopist he was an assiduous and accurate worker, as shown by his numerous drawings of the smaller algae and fungi, and his admirable dissections of mosses and Hepaticae. His investigations on the potato murrain, caused by Phytophthora infestans, on the grape mildew, to which he gave the name Oidium Tuckeri, and on the pathogenic fungi of wheat rust, hop mildew, and various diseases of cabbage, pears, coffee, onions, tomatoes, and other plants, were important in results bearing on the life-history of these pests, at a time when very little was known of such matters, and must always be considered in any historical account of the remarkable advances in the biology of these organisms made between 1850 and 1880. When it is remembered that this work was done without any of the modern appliances or training of a properly equipped laboratory, the real significance of Berkeley's pioneering work becomes apparent. It has been said that {{quote|"... when the history of Plant Pathology is elaborated, Berkeley's name will undoubtedly stand out more prominently than that of any other individual. In fact, it is not saying too much to pronounce Berkeley as the originator and founder of Plant Pathology."[2]}} As the founder of British mycology, his significant work is contained in the account of native British fungi in Sir William Jackson Hooker's British Flora (1836), in his Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany (1857), and in his Outlines of British Fungology (1860). His herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, is one of the world's most extensive, containing over 9000 specimens as well as numerous notes and sketches.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Berkeley corresponded with Anna Maria Hussey assisting her with identifying specimens while she supplied specimens she had collected to add to his herbarium.[3] In 1857, Miles Joseph Berkeley was elected as member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.[4] In June, 1879 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and was awarded their Royal Medal in 1863.[5] He died at his vicarage, Sibbertoft, near Market Harborough, on 30 July 1889. {{sfn|Boulger|1901}} FamilyBerkeley was the father of the scientific illustrator Ruth Ellen Berkeley[6][7] and named Agaricus ruthae (now known as Pleurotus ruthae) for her.[8] See also
Notes1. ^1 {{acad|BRKY820MJ|name=Miles Joseph Berkeley}} 2. ^{{cite book | author = Massee, George | year = 1913 | chapter = Miles Joseph Berkeley 1803—1889 | editor = Oliver, Francis Wall | title = Makers of British Botany | publisher = Cambridge University Press | pages = 225–232 | editor-link = Francis Wall Oliver}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Anna Maria Hussey|url=http://womenswork.lindahall.org/hussey1.shtml|website=Linda Hall Library|publisher=Linda Hall Library of Science, Engineering & Technology|accessdate=3 April 2016}} 4. ^http://www.leopoldina.org/de/mitglieder/mitgliederverzeichnis/member/1965/ 5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=3&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27berkeley%27%29| title = Library and Archive Catalogue| publisher= Royal Society| accessdate = 13 December 2010}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rootspoint.com/record/1851-UK-Census/Ruth-Ellen-Berkeley-1846-Cliffe-Northamptonshire-Kings-Cliffe/1e35301d-5125-46a5-9adc-18dd6d0bf193/|title=Ruth Ellen Berkeley - born in 1846 in Cliffe Northamptonshire Kings Cliffe - 1851 England & Wales Census|website=www.rootspoint.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-11-18}} 7. ^{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/notesbywaywithme00franuoft|title=Notes by the way. With memoirs of Joseph Knight, F.S.A., dramatic critic and editor of 'Notes and queries,' 1883-1907, and the Rev. Joseph Woodfall Ebsworth, F.S.A., editor of the Ballad society's publications|last=Francis|first=John Collins|date=1909|publisher=T.F. Unwin|isbn=|location=London|pages=109}} 8. ^{{Cite journal|last=Berkeley|first=Rev M. J.|last2=Broome|first2=C. E.|date=1879-03-01|title=XXIV.—Notices of British fungi|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25159236|journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History|volume=3|issue=15|pages=202–212|doi=10.1080/00222937908694086|issn=0374-5481|via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}} References
Further reading{{wikisource|Makers of British botany/Miles Joseph Berkeley 1803—1889}}
| last = Taylor | first = George | title = Berkeley, Miles Joseph | encyclopedia = Dictionary of Scientific Biography | volume = 2 | pages = 18–19 | publisher = Charles Scribner's Sons | location = New York | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-684-10114-9
|last1=Griffith |first1=John William |last2=Henfrey |first2=Arthur |last3=Berkeley |first3=Miles Joseph |last4=Jones |first4=Thomas Rupert |authorlink4=Thomas Rupert Jones |title=The Micrographic Dictionary; A Guide to the Examination and Investigation of the Structure and Nature of Microscopic Objects, Illustrated by Fifty-Three Plates and Eight Hundred and Eighteen Woodcuts, Containing Figures of 2680 Objects |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=NegEAAAAYAAJ |accessdate=2009-04-07 |volume=Volume II -- Plates |origyear= |year=1883 |publisher=John Van Voorst |location=London |ref=MDP }} External links{{commons}}
18 : 1803 births|1889 deaths|People from East Northamptonshire District|People educated at Rugby School|Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge|Botanists with author abbreviations|English botanists|British phytopathologists|Phycologists|English mycologists|Bryologists|Fellows of the Linnean Society of London|Fellows of the Royal Society|Royal Medal winners|19th-century biologists|Parson-naturalists|People from Market Harborough|Members of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina |
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