“Sultan Yahya”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Biography

Background

According to Yahya's own writings, when his father, Mehmed III, became Sultan, he followed the Ottoman custom of executing all of his brothers (potential rival claimants to the Ottoman throne). Yahya's mother was concerned that this could also eventually happen to him after the death of his father, so he was smuggled out of the empire, first to Greece, and then to present-day Bulgaria. He was then supposedly baptized at an Orthodox Christian monastery, where he lived for the next eight years of his life.^[3]

Battle for Ottoman throne

Yahya's narrative then claims that eventually, Yahya's two older brothers died, but in 1603, since Yahya had escaped the country to avoid fratricide, his nephew Ahmed I became the Ottoman sultan. Yahya believed that as the next oldest son of Murad III, he was next in line to be Ottoman Sultan and felt cheated out of his rightful destiny. He would dedicate the rest of his life to gaining the Ottoman throne. However, the standard Ottoman practice at the time for determining the succession was not birth order of sons; instead the Ottoman laws of succession to the throne stated that after the death of their father, the Ottoman princes would fight among themselves until one emerged triumphant.

From 1603 on, Yahya made frequent trips to northern and western Europe to gain support for his claim to the throne (visiting Florence, Madrid, Rome, Kraków, Antwerp, Prague, and other cities). At one point he managed to win the support of the Tatar Khan Shahin, and of the Cossacks as well.^[6] Between 1614 and 1617, he schemed with Serbian Orthodox Christian bishops in the Sanjak of Prizren and Western Roman Catholic bishops and leaders as part of his strategy to gain the Ottoman throne. A few years later, with the assistance of Russian and Ukrainian cossacks, he led a fleet of 130 ships and unsuccessfully attacked Constantinople. He died in 1648 or 1649^[6] on the Montenegrin coast, where he was involved in a rebellion organized by the Roman Catholic bishops of Skodra-and-Bar.

Family

Yahya was married to Anna Cat(t)erina, the daughter of Duke Peter, Count of Drisht, in the early 1630s, when Yahya started calling himself Duke of that region. Anna Caterina was supposedly descended from the national hero Skanderbeg. They had two children, Maurice (born 1635) and Elena (born 1638).^[7]

References

1. ^James P. Krokar, "Maps in the Service of an Anti-Ottoman Crusade", Imago Mundi 60:1:23-38 (2008) {{jstor|40234115}} p.29
2. ^Ostapchuk, p. 92
3. ^Kosovo, A Short History (1998), Noel Malcolm -- Harper Perennial - pp. 121 - 122 {{ISBN|978-0-06-097775-7}}
4. ^quote from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_of_succession_to_the_Ottoman_throne Retrieved 4-8-2010
5. ^(from above-named source) In 1617, the law of succession changed to a system based on agnatic seniority (ekberiyet), whereby the throne went to the oldest male of the family. This in turn explains why from the 17th century onwards a deceased sultan was usually succeeded by an uncle or brother.
6. ^¹{{cite book|first=Suraiya|last=Faroqhi|title=The Ottoman Empire and the World around it|publisher=I. B. Tauris|date=December 20, 2005|isbn=978-0-857-73023-7}}
7. ^Giammanco, p. 43, 60

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