| 词条 | Miljacka |
| 释义 |
| name = Miljacka | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Paljanska Miljacka and Mokranjska Miljacka | name_etymology = | image = Sarajevo Miljacka.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Miljacka in Sarajevo | image_alt = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Bosnia and Herzegovina | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Bosnia and Herzegovina | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Municipality | subdivision_name3 = Pale, Istočni Stari Grad, Stari Grad, Novo Sarajevo, Novi Grad, Ilidža | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | length = Mokranjska Miljacka {{convert|21|km}}; Paljanska Miljacka {{convert|13|km}}; from the confluence to mouth in Bosna {{convert|21|km}} | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = cca. 2.5 m³/s | discharge1_avg = {{convert|5.7|m3/s|ft3/s}} | discharge1_max = | source1 = Paljanska Miljacka Gornje Pale | source1_location = Pale | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|43.787836|18.572217}} | source1_elevation = {{Convert|1025|m|ft}} a.s.l. | source2 = Mokranjska Miljacka Mokro Cave | source2_location = Kadino Selo near Mokro | source2_coordinates= {{Coord|43.924791|18.595741}} | source2_elevation = 0 a.s.l. | source3 = Confluence of the two Miljacka, Mokranjska & Paljanska | source3_location = near Bulozi, Stari Grad | source3_coordinates= {{Coord|43.8347241|18.4889174}} | source3_elevation = {{Convert|1135|m|ft}} | mouth = Bosna river | mouth_location = Bojnik, Sarajevo | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|43.869409|18.290759|display=inline, title|source:dewiki}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = {{RBosna}} | river_system = Danube>Black Sea | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = Bentbaša | basin_population = | tributaries_left = Bistrica (Jahorinska), Bistrički Potko | tributaries_right = Lapišnica, Mošćanica, Koševski Potok | waterbodies = Bentbaša | waterfalls = | bridges = Goat's Bridge ({{bs-lang|Kozija Ćuprija}}), Šeher-Ćehaja Bridge, Careva ćuprija, Latin Bridge (aka Principov most), Ćumurija Bridge, Drvenija Bridge, Čobanija Bridge, Festina lente bridge, Skenderija Bridge (aka Ajfelov most), Suada and Olga bridge (aka Vrbanja most) | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} The Miljacka (Cyrillic script: Миљацка) is a river in Bosnia and Herzegovina that passes through Sarajevo. CharacteristicsThe Miljacka river originates from the confluence of the Paljanska Miljacka and Mokranjska Miljacka rivers. The Miljacka is a rather small river, only {{convert|21|km}} long from the confluence, or {{convert|34|km}} and {{convert|42|km}} depending on source (Pale or Mokro), with an average discharge of 5.7 m³/s into the Bosna river in Sarajevo. The Miljacka river flows from east to west general direction. Paljanska MiljackaThe Paljanska Miljacka, {{convert|13|km}} in length, begins Gornje Pale, {{convert|10|km}} eastward in the town of Pale, under the slopes of Jahorina, near Begovina), at the elevation of {{Convert|1025|m|ft}}. Mokranjska MiljackaThe Mokranjska Miljacka, {{convert|21|km}} in length, springs from a large cave, yet to be fully explored, near the village of Kadino Selo at an elevation of {{Convert|1135|m|ft}} near the base of Romanija mountain. Mokranjska Miljacka cave{{Main|Mokranjska Miljacka wellspring cave}}The cave at the spring of Mokranjska Miljacka, located about {{Convert|7|km|mi}} from the village of Mokro, near Pale, is officially the longest cave in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with length of mapped caverns so far at {{Convert|7.2|km|mi}}, as of August 2015.[1] The Miljacka runs out of the cave practically as an underground flow, a subterranean river, where its temperature is measured as low as 5 degrees and temperature of air as low as 8 degrees Celsius.[1][2] The exact location of the cave is not yet mapped out for the public, but local authorities have released a map which can be used to find its location as well as a gallery of discoveries within the cave.[3] New species of spiders, named Nemanela Lade ("Lada's Little Monster", namsake of its discoverer PhD Lada Lukić-Bilela from Institute for Genetic Technology, Sarajevo), along with at least five more species of spider, as well as certain species of bats, have been found there. A skeleton head of a cave bear has also been found at the location.[4][5] Paleontological finds, traces of human habitation, stalactites and stalagmites, as well as pisolite rocks, the river Miljacka wellspring, all makes this cave among most valuable speleological objects in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[2] Researchers believe to have discovered bubbles of air, a possible sign of tectonic activity.[6] EnvironmentBecause of its poor discharge, the Miljacka is known for its peculiar smell and brown waters. Miljacka river cascades, which regulate the waterbed and enrich the water with oxygen, trap plastic scraps, stranded balls, car tires, and various other waste. The main collector that drains fecal matter is parallel to the flow of the river up to its mouth at the river Bosna. The sewer system is not connected to the main collector, causing leakage of fecal matter directly into the waters of the Miljacka in several places. During the Bosnian War, water treatment was stopped and plant equipment was looted, preventing the local government from dealing with the issue. Estimations of the cost to repair the wastewater plant range from 50 to 60 million euros. In April 2015, a project called Čista rijeka Miljacka (Clean river Miljacka) was presented. The aim of the project is to bring the river status to category A, which would make the water clean enough for swimming.[7] In August 2015, Sarajevo Grad signed a contract with ER Project d.o.o. company to clean up 48 river cascades from Šeher-Ćehaja bridge to Dolac Malta suburb bridge.[8] Image galleryBridgesThere are over a dozen bridges over the river Miljacka. Some of the better known ones are:
References{{Commons category|Miljacka in Sarajevo}}1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bosanskiportal.com/izvor-mokranjske-miljacke-najduza-dokumentovana-pecina-u-cijeloj-bih/|title=Izvor Mokranjske Miljacke: Najduža dokumentovana pećina u cijeloj BiH|date=22 August 2015|publisher=bosanskiportal.com|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923103401/http://www.bosanskiportal.com/izvor-mokranjske-miljacke-najduza-dokumentovana-pecina-u-cijeloj-bih/|archivedate=23 September 2015|df=}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/pecina-na-izvoru-mokranjske-miljacke-najduza-u-bih/110815051|title=Pećina na izvoru Mokranjske Miljacke najduža u BiH|date=15 August 2011|publisher=klix.ba}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.palelive.com/pecine/pecina-izvora-mokranjske-miljacke|title=Pećina(Cave) izvora Mokranjske Miljacke |date=10 September 2015|publisher=palelive.com}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/document_downloads/46810913?extension=pdf|title=Slobodna Bosna broj 665 (Scribd PDF download)|date=13 August 2009|website=Scribd |accessdate=26 July 2018 |language=en |format=PDF}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUQTcu9_FAE|title=PALE-SARAJEVO: MILJACKA - OD IZVORA DO UVORA |date=10 September 2014|publisher=Govore ljudi - Youtube}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://sarajevo.co.ba/izvor-miljacke-je-mamac-za-avanturiste/|title=Izvor Miljacke je mamac za avanturiste|date=24 May 2009|publisher=sarajevo.co.ba}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Prezentiran projekt "Čista rijeka Miljacka" |url=http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/prezentiran-projekt-cista-rijeka-miljacka/150428074 |website=Klix.ba |accessdate=26 July 2018 |language=bs-BA}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=Iz Miljacke se u naredna tri mjeseca uklanjaju plastične flaše, lopte, šiblje i drugi otpad (FOTO) |url=http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/iz-miljacke-se-u-naredna-tri-mjeseca-uklanjaju-plasticne-flase-lopte-siblje-i-drugi-otpad/150812058#4 |website=Klix.ba |accessdate=26 July 2018 |language=bs-BA}} 9. ^Destination Sarajevo,The Malaysian-Bosnian and Herzegovinian Friendship Bridge, accessed 24 August 2017
6 : Sarajevo|Rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bridges in Sarajevo|Subterranean rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Subterranean rivers of Sarajevo|Miljacka |
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