| 词条 | Surin, Thailand |
| 释义 |
|name = Surin |official_name = {{lang|th|เทศบาลเมืองสุรินทร์}} |other_name = |native_name = {{lang|th|สุรินทร์}} |nickname = |settlement_type = Town |motto = |image_skyline = Monument of Phaya Surin Phakdi Si Narong Changwang - Surin.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = The Monument of Phaya Surin Phakdi Si Narong Changwang |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = Seal of Surin.png |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = Thailand |pushpin_label_position = right |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Thailand |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Thailand |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Surin |subdivision_type2 = District |subdivision_name2 = Mueang Surin |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Wattaning Tangteewisit |leader_title1 = Vice Mayor |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 11.39 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2000 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 39,179 (est) |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title = |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone = ICT |utc_offset = +7 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|14|53|6|N|103|29|16.8|E|region:TH|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 150 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code_type = Area code |area_code = (+66) 44 |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = {{url|www.mosurin.go.th}} |footnotes = }}Surin ({{lang-th|สุรินทร์}}, {{IPA-th|sù.rīn|pron}}) is a town in Thailand, capital of Surin province, {{val|431|u=km}} east-northeast of Bangkok. It is the site of the annual Surin Elephant Round-up. {{Asof|2019}}, Surin has an estimated population of 39,179.[2] EtymologyThe first part of the name Sur- originates from the Sanskrit word Sura (Devanagari: सुर) meaning "God" (cf. Asura), and the second part -in(thara) from Sanskrit is "Indra" (Devanagari: इन्द्र). Hence the name of the province literally means Lord Indra. GeographyIn the north of the province is the valley of the Mun river, a tributary of the Mekong. To the south of the province is the Dongrek mountain chain, which also forms the boundary to Cambodia. The central and northern parts of the province are undulating flood plains. ClimateSurin has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). Winters are dry and warm. Temperatures rise until April, which is hot with the average daily maximum at {{convert|35.9|°C|°F}}. The monsoon season runs from late April through early October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm. {{Weather box|location = Surin (1981–2010) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 37.0 |Feb record high C = 38.9 |Mar record high C = 40.4 |Apr record high C = 41.6 |May record high C = 39.5 |Jun record high C = 38.0 |Jul record high C = 38.2 |Aug record high C = 36.9 |Sep record high C = 35.7 |Oct record high C = 35.1 |Nov record high C = 36.0 |Dec record high C = 34.8 |year record high C = 41.6 |Jan high C = 31.2 |Feb high C = 33.5 |Mar high C = 35.4 |Apr high C = 36.0 |May high C = 34.5 |Jun high C = 33.4 |Jul high C = 32.7 |Aug high C = 32.2 |Sep high C = 31.7 |Oct high C = 31.1 |Nov high C = 30.8 |Dec high C = 30.0 |year high C = 32.7 |Jan mean C = 24.1 |Feb mean C = 26.6 |Mar mean C = 28.7 |Apr mean C = 29.8 |May mean C = 28.8 |Jun mean C = 28.3 |Jul mean C = 27.9 |Aug mean C = 27.6 |Sep mean C = 27.3 |Oct mean C = 26.7 |Nov mean C = 25.3 |Dec mean C = 23.6 |year mean C = 27.1 |Jan low C = 18.1 |Feb low C = 20.6 |Mar low C = 23.0 |Apr low C = 24.9 |May low C = 24.9 |Jun low C = 24.9 |Jul low C = 24.6 |Aug low C = 24.4 |Sep low C = 24.2 |Oct low C = 23.3 |Nov low C = 20.8 |Dec low C = 18.1 |year low C = 22.7 |Jan record low C = 9.4 |Feb record low C = 11.6 |Mar record low C = 12.0 |Apr record low C = 18.8 |May record low C = 21.3 |Jun record low C = 21.5 |Jul record low C = 21.0 |Aug record low C = 21.0 |Sep record low C = 20.8 |Oct record low C = 16.5 |Nov record low C = 13.3 |Dec record low C = 8.3 |year record low C = 8.3 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 5.6 |Feb rain mm = 11.5 |Mar rain mm = 45.6 |Apr rain mm = 93.3 |May rain mm = 179.8 |Jun rain mm = 204.7 |Jul rain mm = 221.3 |Aug rain mm = 256.2 |Sep rain mm = 255.4 |Oct rain mm = 128.2 |Nov rain mm = 28.7 |Dec rain mm = 1.9 |year rain mm = 1432.2 |Jan rain days = 0.8 |Feb rain days = 2.2 |Mar rain days = 4.0 |Apr rain days = 8.2 |May rain days = 16.0 |Jun rain days = 16.3 |Jul rain days = 18.0 |Aug rain days = 19.7 |Sep rain days = 18.3 |Oct rain days = 12.0 |Nov rain days = 3.8 |Dec rain days = 0.6 |year rain days = 119.9 |Jan humidity = 65 |Feb humidity = 63 |Mar humidity = 63 |Apr humidity = 67 |May humidity = 76 |Jun humidity = 79 |Jul humidity = 80 |Aug humidity = 82 |Sep humidity = 84 |Oct humidity = 81 |Nov humidity = 73 |Dec humidity = 68 |year humidity = 73 |Jan sun = 263.5 |Feb sun = 245.8 |Mar sun = 238.7 |Apr sun = 204.0 |May sun = 155.0 |Jun sun = 153.0 |Jul sun = 117.8 |Aug sun = 117.8 |Sep sun = 144.0 |Oct sun = 182.9 |Nov sun = 219.0 |Dec sun = 260.4 |year sun = |Jand sun = 8.5 |Febd sun = 8.7 |Mard sun = 7.7 |Aprd sun = 6.8 |Mayd sun = 5.0 |Jund sun = 5.1 |Juld sun = 3.8 |Augd sun = 3.8 |Sepd sun = 4.8 |Octd sun = 5.9 |Novd sun = 7.3 |Decd sun = 8.4 |yeard sun = 6.3 |source 1 = Thai Meteorological Department[3] |source 2 = Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (sun and humidity)[4] }} HistoryPrehistoryThe earliest settlers in this region were hunter-gatherers. The Neolithic, with the introduction of agriculture, dates from 2,500 to 1,500 years BCE. The Bronze Age dates from 1,500-500 BCE, and the Iron Age from 500 BCE to 500 CE. It is in the Iron Age that the first evidence of human settlement emerges in the province, with approximately sixty known Iron Age sites. Historical periodThe earliest known historical period is the Dvaravati. This was an Indian-based culture, which diffused through the north-east region of what is now Thailand. Evidence of this culture is found in Surin region dating to between the 7th to 11th centuries CE. It was in this period that Buddhism became the dominant religion of the region. Following the Dvaravati period, the powerful Khmer Empire expanded its influence throughout what is now the southern Isan region of Thailand. This period covers the 7th to 13th centuries CE. Surin was an important part of the ancient Khmer empire. Temple ruins and a substantial ethnic Khmer minority remain part of Surin. Khmer stone inscriptions date from c. 600 CE. Over the next several centuries a growing number of Khmer sites were constructed in the province, most notably Prasat Sikhoraphum. These sites would have formed part of the network of Khmer infrastructure centred on Prasat Phanom Rung. With the collapse of the Khmer empire in the 13th century Surin province faded from history. It is in the 18th century that it re-emerges. At this time a Kuay local leader named Chiangpum became the royally appointed ruler of the region. According to legend he presented a rare white elephant to the Chao Phaya Chakri, future King Rama I. In gratitude, Chiangpum was awarded the royal title Luang Surin Phakdi and appointed the village headman. When Rama I became the Thai monarch, he appointed Luang Surin Phakdi as the province's governor. In 1763 the village was moved to the location of the modern city of Surin, and was upgraded to a city with the name Muang Prathai Saman. There is a local legend that this move was due to better water supplies at the new site. Also, that the original location of the town was at Muang Thi, approximately fifteen kilometres to the east of the modern city. In 1786, the city's name was changed to Surin in honor of its governor. The province slowly grew in population, there was a continual influx of people from surrounding areas, principally Cambodia (part of what is now western Cambodia was ruled by Bangkok at this time), however Surin was largely self-sufficient, and somewhat isolated. This changed with the advent of the railroad in 1922. Surin and its economy was exposed to the wider world. Chinese and Indian merchants settled, manufacturing increased, and Surin joined the modern world. See also{{commons category|Surin}}
References1. ^ 2. ^{{cite web|title=Thailand: Regions, Major Cities & Municipalities|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Thailand-Cities.html|publisher=CityPopulation.de|accessdate=5 February 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web| url = http://climate.tmd.go.th/content/file/75| title = Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010| publisher = Thai Meteorological Department| page = 13| accessdate = 1 August 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web| url = http://water.rid.go.th/hwm/cropwater/CWRdata/ETo/ETo_PenMon_2554.pdf| title = ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith)| publisher = Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department | page = 62| language = Thai| accessdate = 1 August 2016}} External links
3 : Populated places in Surin Province|Cities and towns in Thailand|Isan |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。