| 词条 | Susan Island Nature Reserve |
| 释义 |
| type = protected | name = Susan Island Nature Reserve | state = nsw | iucn_category = IV | image = Susan Island Clarence River.jpg | caption = Susan Island | image_alt = | relief = 1 | coordinates = {{coord|29|40|55|S|152|54|49|E|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_label_position = | map_alt = | nearest_town_or_city = {{NSWcity|Grafton}} | pop = | pop_year = | pop_footnotes = | poprank = | density = | density_footnotes = | established = {{start date|1982|05||df=y}} | established_footnotes = [1] | abolished = | gazetted = | postcode = | elevation = | elevation_footnotes = | area = 0.23 | area_footnotes = [1] | timezone = | utc = | timezone-dst = | utc-dst = | dist1 = | dir1 = | location1 = | lga = | region = | county = | stategov = | fedgov = | managing_authorities = NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service | url = http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0544 | maxtemp = | maxtemp_footnotes = | mintemp = | mintemp_footnotes = | rainfall = | rainfall_footnotes = | near-n = | near-ne = | near-e = | near-se = | near-s = | near-sw = | near-w = | near-nw = | near = | footnotes = }}{{Infobox islands |name = Susan Island | imagen_bandera = |image_name = |image_size = 280 |image_caption = |native_name = |native_name_link = |location = Clarence River |additional_info = |archipelago = |total_islands = |major_islands = |area_km2 = |highest_mount = |elevation_m = |country = {{AUS}} |country_admin_divisions_title = State |country_admin_divisions = New South Wales |population = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = |density_km2 = |ethnic_groups = }} The Susan Island Nature Reserve is a protected nature reserve containing Susan Island, a river island, that is located in the mouth of the Clarence River, in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales in eastern Australia. The {{convert|23|ha|adj=on}} reserve is situated near {{NSWcity|Grafton}}.[1] The island and reserve is a rare[2] {{convert|16.5|ha|adj=on}} example of sub tropical lowland rainforest. FeaturesMuch of Australia's lowland sub tropical rainforest was cleared for housing and agriculture, leaving only small patches remaining, such as at Susan Island. The soils are alluvial, derived from the Clarence River. The average annual rainfall is a modest {{convert|1080|mm}},[3] which is marginal for this type of vegetation community. FaunaCurrently there are eleven reptile species and fifteen mammal species on the island. However, this is far less than older reports from colonial times. At certain times, the numbers of the three species of flying foxes are in excess of 100,000. The numbers of the grey-headed flying foxes appears to be increasing in recent years. Noteworthy birds occurring here are the osprey and the noisy pitta.[4] Flora68 species of rainforest tree are known to grow on the island. Significant tree species include stinging tree, Moreton Bay fig, white walnut, shiny-leaved stinging tree, tulipwood and lacebark tree. The largest known yellow kamala grows up to {{convert|30|m}} tall with a trunk diameter of {{convert|80|cm}}.[5] And the widespread tropical Asian species white bean grows on the island at its southern most limit of natural distribution. Australian red cedar was logged from the island, and although there was no regeneration, it was successfully reintroduced to the island in 2001 by NPWS during a modest rainforest expansion program, and is now thriving and reproducing. Rainforest regeneration programs have been put in place to encourage local rainforest species and suppress the problem of invasive weeds.[6] Indigenous AustraliansIt is likely that Indigenous Australians regularly visited the rainforest on the island for varying purposes. Such as the collection of food, medicinal purposes, and the collection of fibres for making bags and nets. The island has spiritual significance to the local Gumbaygnirr people, where it is recognised as a "Women's Site" and officially acknowledged as an Aboriginal Place under the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Act. See also{{stack|{{portal|New South Wales|environment|islands}}}}
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Susan Island Nature Reserve: Park management|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0544|work=Office of Environment & Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|date=|accessdate=29 September 2014}} {{Nature reserves of New South Wales |state=autocollapse}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/LowlandRainforestNorthCoastEndComListing.htm|title= Lowland rainforest on floodplain in the NSW North Coast Bioregion - endangered ecological community listing|work=Office of Environment & Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|accessdate=}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_058130.shtml|title=Monthly climate statistics: Grafton Olympic Pool|work=Bureau of Meteorology|publisher=Australian Government|date=|accessdate=}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/nature/SusanIslandPOM.pdf|type=PDF|title=Susan Island Nature Reserve: Plan of management|work=NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service|publisher=Government of New South Wales|date=April 2009|accessdate=|isbn=978-1-74232-214-8}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Floyd, A. G.|authorlink=Alexander Floyd|title=Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia|publisher=Inkata Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-9589436-7-3|page=154}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Floyd, A. G.|authorlink=Alexander Floyd|title=Australian Rainforests of New South Wales|volume=2|isbn=0-949324-32-9|year=1990|page=16}} 6 : Nature reserves in New South Wales|Forests of New South Wales|Grafton, New South Wales|Islands of New South Wales|1982 establishments in Australia|Protected areas established in 1982 |
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