| 词条 | Milton L. Humason |
| 释义 |
|name = Milton La Salle Humason |image = |birth_date = {{birth date|1891|8|19}} |birth_place = Dodge Center, Minnesota |death_date = {{death date and age|1972|6|18|1891|8|19}} |death_place = Mendocino, California |residence = |citizenship = United States |ethnicity = |field = Astronomy |work_institutions = Mount Wilson Observatory |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = |religion = }} Milton La Salle Humason (August 19, 1891 – June 18, 1972) was an American astronomer. He was born in Dodge Center, Minnesota. BiographyHumason dropped out of school and had no formal education past the age of 14. Because he loved the mountains, and Mount Wilson in particular, he became a "mule skinner" taking materials and equipment up the mountain while Mount Wilson Observatory was being built. In 1917, after a short stint on a ranch in La Verne, he became a janitor at the observatory. Out of sheer interest, he volunteered to be a night assistant at the observatory. His technical skill and quiet manner made him a favorite on the mountain. Recognizing his talent, in 1919, George Ellery Hale made him a Mt. Wilson staff member. This was unprecedented, as Humason did not have a Ph.D., or even a high school diploma. He soon proved Hale's judgment correct, as he made several key observational discoveries. He became known as a meticulous observer, obtaining photographs and difficult spectrograms of faint galaxies. His observations played a major role in the development of physical cosmology, including assisting Edwin Hubble in formulating Hubble's law. In 1950 he earned a D.Sc. from Lund University.[1] He retired in 1957. He discovered Comet C/1961 R1 (Humason), notable for its large perihelion distance. Due to merest chance, Humason missed discovering Pluto. Eleven years before Clyde Tombaugh, Humason took a set of four photographs in which the image of Pluto appeared.[2] There is persistent speculation that he missed discovering the dwarf planet because it fell on a defect in the photographic plate. This is unlikely, however, given that it appeared in four separate photographs over three different nights. Much of the work Humason performed was actually credited to Hubble, the two of whom worked together for many years.{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}} He died in Mendocino, California. In popular cultureIn the popular documentary A Personal Voyage by astronomer Carl Sagan, Humason's life and work are portrayed on screen in episode 10: The Edge of Forever. Humason was also the inspiration for the Big Dipper song "Humason," which appeared on the Boston group's 1987 album Heavens. Honors
Cited sources{{ref begin|1}}
| url = http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/Cool-Astronomy/2010/0519/How-a-janitor-at-the-Mount-Wilson-Observatory-measured-the-size-of-the-universe | last1 = Ventrudo | first1 = Brian | title = How a janitor at the Mount Wilson Observatory measured the size of the universe | date = May 19, 2010 | newspaper = The Christian Science Monitor | postscript = {{inconsistent citations}} }}{{ref end}} 1. ^Trimble, Virginia, "H0: The Incredible Shrinking Constant, 1925-1975", Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, v.108, p.1073-1082. (page 1076) 2. ^{{cite journal| last=Nicholson| first=Seth B.|author2=Mayall, Nicholas U.| title=Positions, Orbit, and Mass of Pluto| journal=Astrophysical Journal|date=January 1931| volume=73| pages=1| doi=10.1086/143288| bibcode=1931ApJ....73....1N}} 3. ^{{cite book |title=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers |last=Hockey |first=Thomas |year=2009 |publisher=Springer Publishing |isbn=978-0-387-31022-0 |accessdate=August 22, 2012 |url=http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/58665.html}} External links
7 : 1891 births|1972 deaths|People from Dodge Center, Minnesota|20th-century astronomers|American astronomers|Discoverers of comets|20th-century American scientists |
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