“Swiss abroad”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Swiss people living abroad ({{lang-de|Auslandsschweizer}}; {{lang-fr|Suisses de l’étranger}}; {{lang-it| Svizzeri all’estero }}; {{lang-rm|Svizzers a l’exteriur}}), also referred to as "fifth Switzerland" ({{lang-de|Fünfte Schweiz}},^[1] {{lang-it|Quinta Svizzera}}, {{lang-fr|Cinquième Suisse}}, {{lang-rm|Tschintgavla Svizra}}), alluding to the fourfold linguistic division within Switzerland. The Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA) takes care for Swiss people living abroad.

Fifth Switzerland Communication

The service "[https://www.itineris.eda.admin.ch Itineris]" provided by the FDFA is available to all Swiss abroad.^[7]

Swiss expatriate regions

Overall

Africa

Asia

Brunei

Suzanne Rahaman Aeby (b. 1954 Freibourg), a former nurse, is the mother of Pengiran Anak Sarah, the wife of Brunei's Crown Prince, Al-Muhtadee Billah.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

China

Hong Kong

Sri Lanka

The Schweizerischer Hülfsverein in Ceylon was founded on 15 September 1933. In the beginning, its main purpose was to provide assistance to Swiss citizens in need. In 1956, the Swiss Circle Colombo was established to promote social activities among Swiss nationals in Ceylon. It is now known as Swiss Circle Sri Lanka. {{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

Europe

Albania

Austria

France

The largest number of Swiss immigrants arrived in France between the 1850s and the 1930s. Many of them settled in Alsace and in the cities of Paris, Marseille and Lyon.^[11]

Germany

Italy

Russia

Significant emigration of Swiss people to the Russian Empire occurred from the late 17th to the late 19th century. The late 18th and early 19th century saw a flow of Swiss farmers forming colonies such as Şaba (Bessarabia, at the Dniester Liman, now part of Ukraine). The Russian-Swiss generally prospered, partly merging with German diaspora populations. As at the end of 2016, 776 Swiss citizens live in Russia.

Spain

United Kingdom

North America

Canada

Mexico

United States

The first Swiss person in what is now the territory of the United States was Theobald von Erlach (1541–1565).^[12] Before the year 1820 some estimated 25,000 to 30,000 Swiss entered British North America. Most of them settled in what is now Pennsylvania, as well as North and South Carolina.

Most Swiss preferred the rural villages of the Midwest and the Pacific Coast, where Italian-speaking Swiss played a significant role in California's winegrowing culture.^[13] Swiss immigration diminished after 1930 because of the Great Depression and World War II.

In 1999 New Glarus, Wisconsin was chosen as the future home of the Swiss Center of North America, a cultural center dedicated to the preservation and celebration of Swiss culture. New Glarus was chosen because of its central location and the large concentration of Swiss Americans in the vicinity. Funds for the centre came from the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, the State of Wisconsin, the Canton of Glarus, and corporations, including General Casualty Insurance, Nestlé USA, Novartis, Phillip Morris Europe, and Victorinox.

Oceania

Australia

New Zealand

South America

Argentina

By 1940, some 44,000 Swiss had emigrated to Argentina, settling mainly in the provinces of Córdoba and Santa Fe, and to a lesser extent, in Buenos Aires. In 1856 the colony farm of Esperanza was founded in Santa Fe becoming the mother of agricultural colonies in Argentina, and thus beginning a long process of European colonization and immigration on Argentine soil. Current estimates state 150,000 Swiss descendants residing in Argentina.^[15]

Brazil

The history of Swiss immigration to Brazil began with the foundation of the colony of Nova Friburgo^[16] in 1819. Nova Friburgo was the first colonial company contracted by the Portuguese government. The immigrant colonists wrote letters for publication in Swiss newspapers of the period, and these documents reveal the migrants' perceptions, information and expectations. {{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

On 4 July 1819 1,088 Swiss, including 830 from the Canton of Fribourg, departed from Estavayer-le-Lac on Lake Neuchâtel. They included Jean-Claude Marchon, his wife Marie Prostasie Chavannaz Marchon, his brother Antoine Marchon and fiancée Marieanne Elizabeth Clerc. They travelled first to Basle, the meeting point of the Swiss Transmigration for Brasil. And then 2.000 Swiss, by the Rhein River, go to Holland and after a lot of peripetia they depart from St. Gravendeel, near Dordrecht, in the Daphne, for the crossing of the Atlantic Ocean, on September 11. Their arrival in Rio de Janeiro was on November 4, spending 55 days, a very good time for the epoch. And, finally, they arrive in Morro-Queimado (Burnt Mount) on November 15, 1819 – about 12000 kilometers in 105 days, approximately 114 kilometers a day. {{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

Chile

The percentage of Swiss in Chile is small, despite having a relatively large number of members. This is because their linguistic and cultural characteristics are commonly confused with Germans, Italians and French. Swiss migration to Chile took place at the end of the nineteenth century, between 1883 and 1900, particularly in the area of Araucanía, especially in Victoria and Traiguén. It is estimated that more than 8,000 families received grants of land.^[17]

Between April 1876 and May 1877 a contingent of Swiss immigrants comprising 119 families came to the area of Magellanes (Punta Arenas and Fresh Water), mostly peasants from the canton of Fribourg.^[18]

Later, during the period from 1915 to 1950, was the last recorded mass exodus of Swiss to Chile. 30,000 people settled in the central area of the country, primarily in Santiago and Valparaíso.^[19] There are currently 5,000 Swiss citizens residing in Chile and 90,000 Swiss descendants.^[20]

Colombia

Venezuela

Ancestry

Self-reported Swiss ancestry or partial ancestry: {{citation needed|date=September 2015}}

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D7990.php|title = Auslandschweizer|last1 = Marc|first1 = Perrenoud|date= 2012-11-13|language= German|trans-title=Historical Lexicon of Switzerland|accessdate= 2013-10-25|quote= Die Neue Helvetische Gesellschaft (NHG) definierte die A[uslandschweizer] als 'Vierte Schweiz' (die allerdings 1938 mit der Anerkennung des Rätoromanischen als vierte Landessprache zur "Fünften Schweiz" wurde). [The New Helvetic Society defined the Swiss diaspora as 'the Fourth Switzerland' (though this became the 'Fifth Switzerland in 1938 with the recognition of Rhaeto-Romansh as the fourth national language.]}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=FDFA: The Fifth Switzerland|url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/leben_im_ausland/die_fuenfte_schweiz.html|accessdate=9 September 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Voting and electural rights|url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/leben_im_ausland/die_fuenfte_schweiz/stimm-_und_wahlrecht.html|accessdate=9 September 2015}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Consular services|url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/leben_im_ausland/die_fuenfte_schweiz/konsularische_dienstleistungen.html|accessdate=9 September 2015}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Organization of the swiss abroad|url=http://www.aso.ch/en|accessdate=9 September 2015}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Swiss Revue|url=http://www.revue.ch/en/|accessdate=9 September 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=The FDFA to launch internet platform "Itineris" to enable people travelling abroad to register online|url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en.html/eda/en/meta/news/2012/6/26/45102.html|accessdate=16 October 2015}}
8. ^¹{{cite web|title=Auslandschweizerstatistik 2014 nach Wohnländern und Konsularkreisen|url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/content/dam/eda/de/documents/publications/AuslandschweizerinnenundAuslandschweizer/Auslandschweizerstatistik/2014-Auslandschweizerstatistik_DE.pdf|accessdate=7 September 2015}}
9. ^EDA, Auslandschweizerdienst: Auslandschweizerstatistik 2007 nach Wohnländern (PDF; 74 kB)
10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/dam/eda/de/documents/publications/AuslandschweizerinnenundAuslandschweizer/Auslandschweizerstatistik/2016-Auslandschweizerstatistik_de.pdf|title=Auslandschweizer|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=30 March 2018}}
11. ^{{fr}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=p93SesIyKfcC&lpg=PA133&dq=immigration%20suisse%20france&pg=PA133#v=onepage&q&f=false "L'immigration suisse se fait vers l'Alsace, très anciennement liée, ou vers les grandes villes : Paris, Marseille et Lyon"]
12. ^Swiss Americans
13. ^History of Swiss Settlers {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801230552/http://www.swissroots.org/swissroots/en/stories/heritage/Swiss%20Emigration%20to%20the%20USA/Swiss%20Settlers.html |date=2009-08-01 }}
14. ^In 2001, 22,151 residents in Australia reported Swiss ancestry.{{clarify|date=October 2014}} 30.5% cited "no religion", followed by Catholicism (27.3%).
15. ^Argentinien land der Immigranten
16. ^História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos – From Nova Friburgo to Fribourg in writing: Swiss colonization seen by the immigrants
17. ^{{es}} Los suizos del fin del mundo.
18. ^Families, mostly peasants from the canton of Freiburg.
19. ^{{es}} Suizos en Chile. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925011120/http://schweizergruppe.sv.tc/ |date=2009-09-25 }}
20. ^90,000 Descendants of Swiss in Chile. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925011120/http://schweizergruppe.sv.tc/ |date=2009-09-25 }}
21. ^Actualmente en Venezuela viven aproximadamente 1900 ciudadanos Suizos. Suizos en Venezuela
22. ^2008 Community Survey
23. ^The Swiss Argentine community is the largest group of the Swiss diaspora in Latin America.{{cite web |url=http://www.esuiz.mrecic.gob.ar/node/1095 |title=La emigración suiza a la Argentina (Swiss emigration to Argentina) |author=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto de la República Argentina |language=Spanish |accessdate=21 February 2014}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=1118296&GK=0&GRP=0&PID=105396&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0 |author=Statistics Canada |title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables |accessdate=11 February 2014}}
25. ^{{es}}La inmigración suiza a Chile se desarrolló entre los años 1883 y 1900 y sus protagonistas se situaron particularmente en las emergentes ciudades sureñas de Victoria y Traiguén, estimándose en 8.000 familias las que recibieron concesiones de tierras en dicha zona donde constituyeron 31 colonias que alcanzaron inicialmente a sumar 22 700 personas y cuya descendencia actual supera los 100.000 ciudadanos, la mayor de América Latina". {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016124954/http://www.arteenlared.com/latinoamerica/chile/chind-ninos-descendientes-suizos-en-la-araucania-1883-2010.html |date=2014-10-16 }}
26. ^História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos - From Nova Friburgo to Fribourg in writing: Swiss colonization seen by the immigrants
27. ^Australian Censis 2011 11,943 by birth 28,947 by ancestry