“Sword of State (Isle of Man)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Manx Sword of State is a ceremonial sword that represents the Tynwald on the Isle of Man. It represents the duties of the Sovereign of the Isle of Man, and is used every month in Tynwald, and annually during the Tynwald Day ceremony. There have been three swords used for such functions over the years. One is used for the ceremonies; one is housed in a museum; the other was lost in the 18th century. The Sword of State is popularly said to date to the mid 13th century, however it is not unlike 15th-century ceremonial swords used in England, and recent analysis dates it to the 15th century as well.

Description

The sword has a two-edged blade of steel {{convert|29|in|cm}} long,^[2] slightly more than {{convert|1.5|in|cm}} wide where it intersects the guard.^[3] The guard is a thin steel band {{convert|11|in|cm}} inches long.^[3] The sword's hilt is made of hardwood,^[3] and measures {{convert|9|in|cm}} inches to the pommel. The pommel is made of steel, flattened on both sides, and measures about {{convert|2|in|cm}} in diameter.^[3] Both sides of the pommel are surmounted with shields bearing the spurred Three Legs of Man.^[2]^[3]

Function

The sword is the symbol of the Tynwald, which is said to be the oldest continuous parliament in the world. The sword signifies the duty of the Sovereign of the Isle of Man, who through the Tynwald, is bound to protect and defend the Manx people from their foes. Without the sword, the Tynwald cannot be deemed to be properly constituted. The sword is used at the Tynwald Day sitting at St Johns, and is carried in front of the Lieutenant Governor in a procession. It is also used whenever the Tynwald sits in the Legislative Chambers, in Douglas. When the Tynwald is not sitting, a replica sword is on display.^[2]

There have been three such swords over the years – one is used in parliamentary functions every month in Tynwald, and annually on Tynwald Day; another is housed in the Manx Museum; the third was lost in the mid 18th century.^[4]^[5]

History

The Sword of State is popularly attributed to Olaf the Black, King of Mann and the Isles, who reigned from 1229-1237.^[6]^[7] Similar examples of ceremonial swords are those used in the English cities of Chester, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne; both of which date to the mid 15th century. Recent analysis of the Manx sword has determined that it is also a 15th-century design, and probably made in London. The blade itself is thought to have been fitted in the late 16th century, or 17th century. It is possible that the sword was made for the 1422 Tynwald meeting that was attended by Sir John Stanley.^[1]^[8]

References

1. ^¹{{citation |url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/legs.htm |title=The Three Legs of Man |accessdate=1 August 2010 |publisher=(www.isle-of-man.com) }} This webpage cited {{citation |author=Wagner, A.R. |title=The Origin of the Arms of Man |year=1959–60 |volume=6 |journal=Manx Museum }} This webpage also cited {{citation |author=Megaw, B.R.S. |title=The Ship Seals of the Kings of Man |year=1959–60 |volume=6 |journal=Manx Museum }}
2. ^¹²{{citation |url=http://www.tynwald.org.im/tynwald/today.shtml |title=Tynwald of Today |accessdate=14 October 2010 |publisher=(www.tynwald.org.im) |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203173417/http://www.tynwald.org.im/tynwald/today.shtml |archivedate=3 December 2008 |df= }}
3. ^¹²³⁴{{citation |url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/iomnhas/v01p395.htm |title=The Sword of State: Its origin |publisher=(www.isle-of-man.com) }} This webpage is transcription of the following monograph: {{citation |author=Sargeaunt, B. E. |title=Tynwald of Today |journal=Proceedings of the Isle of Man Natural History Natural History and Antiquarian Society |volume=1 |page=395 }}
4. ^{{citation |url=http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/How-Manx-history-changed-the.6021793.jp |title=How Manx history changed the world |date=28 January 2010 |accessdate=14 October 2010 |author=Macewan, Fergus |publisher=Isle of Man Today (www.iomtoday.co.im) }}
5. ^{{citation |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/isleofman/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8468000/8468420.stm |title=The Isle of Man's Sword of State |date=11 February 2010 |accessdate=14 October 2010 |publisher=BBC News (www.news.bbc.co.uk) }}
6. ^{{citation |last=Broderick |first=George |title=Under the 'Three-Legged-Swastika': Celtic Studies and Celtic Revival in the Isle of Man in the context of the 'National Socialist Idea' |url=http://www.george-broderick.de/ns_docs/ns-under_the_three-legged-swastika.doc |format=doc |publisher=www.george-broderick.de |accessdate=14 October 2010 }} This document is a revised version of a monograph published in 1999, see footnotes in document for details.
7. ^Kinvig 1975: pp. 91-92.
8. ^{{citation |url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/sword.htm |title=Sword of State |accessdate=31 July 2010 |publisher=(www.isle-of-man.com) }} This webpage cited {{citation |author=Blair, Claude |title=The Manx Sword of State |year=2003 |volume=11 |issue=2 |journal=Proceedings of the Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society |publisher=Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society }}