“Sybil Morrison”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Sybil Morrison (2 January 1893 – 26 April 1984) was a British pacifist and a suffragist as well as being active with several other radical causes.

As a young and enthusiastic suffragist, Morrison was persuaded by Emmeline Pankhurst that she was too young to go to prison.^[1] During World War I she began in 1916 to drive ambulances in London, and attributed her decision to become a pacifist to the sight of a Zeppelin being shot down over the town of Potters Bar. In the streets of London, ordinary, decent people were clapping and cheering and dancing as though at a play or a circus……..I suddenly saw that war made yet another impact on human beings; it deprived them of their humanity. I became a pacifist then and nothing has happened since to alter my conviction that war is a crime against God and humanity.^[2]

Morrison became in 1936 one of the first women members of the Peace Pledge Union (PPU), a British pacifist organisation and UK section of War Resisters International (WRI). She served as a Campaign Organiser and Chair and wrote the first history of the PPU.^[3] In 1940 she spent a month in Holloway Prison, having spoken against the war at London's Speakers' Corner. Morrison was an active member of the Women's International League for Peace & Freedom (WILPF), being at one stage the Chair of its British branch.

Sybil Morrison was secretary of the short-lived Women's Peace Campaign, set up by the PPU at the end of 1939. It had been hoped to obtain the signatures of one million women against the Second World War but as Morrison admitted: The invasion of Scandinavia has, of course, made it much more difficult now to approach people about signing an appeal for negotiations because opinion is hardening against the pacifist. The Campaign was doomed after the surrender of the French in June, 1940 but the collapse may also have had something to do with the opposition of John Middleton Murry, editor of Peace News. Murry was described as having a "frightful" attitude towards women and was not at all supportive of the campaign.^[4]

Morrison was the Organising Secretary and Chair of the Six Point Group (c.1948-1950). The Group campaigned for legislation on assault against children, on support for widows, on legislation in support of unmarried mothers, and on issues of equal rights and equal pay. Another member of the Group was Dora Russell, second wife of Bertrand Russell. Morrison was also active with the Howard League for Penal Reform and the National Peace Council. She was a vice-president of the Fellowship Party, a small British political party that attracted many peace activists.

She was a close friend of leading peace activists Donald Soper and Fenner Brockway, and of the pacifist actress Sybil Thorndike - they each referred to 'the other Sybil'. She was a lesbian who was once described as the most famous dyke in London.^[5] For the last few years of her life she shared a house with Myrtle Solomon, who was the general secretary of the Peace Pledge Union and later the chair of WRI. In the 1930s she had a relationship with another suffragist, Dorothy Evans, which was considered shocking at the time.^[6]

Other people with whom Sybil worked included Vera Brittain, Alex Comfort, Laurence Housman, Hugh Brock, and Kathleen Lonsdale and many other leading individuals in radical politics during much of the 20th century. Even towards the end of her life she took an active interest in politics, turning up at the beginning of an anti Falklands War march.

References

1. ^Danish Peace Academy
2. ^Kay Camp, “Listen to the Women for a change”. WILPF
3. ^Sybil Morrison "I Renounce War: The story of the Peace Pledge Union" Sheppard Press, London 1962
4. ^Vera Brittain, "Women and Peace" Peace Pledge Union, London
5. ^Danish Peace Academy op cit
6. ^Olivia Beecham “Dorothy Evans – Suffragette”