| 词条 | Sylvester H. Roper | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Sylvester H. Roper | image = Sylvester H Roper Died in the Saddle Boston Daily Globe 2 June 1896.png | image_size = | alt = Line drawing of a man standing next to a bicycle with a steam engine | caption = Boston Daily Globe obituary | birth_name = Sylvester Howard Roper | birth_date = {{Birth date|1823|11|24}} | birth_place = {{nowrap|Francestown, New Hampshire, U.S.}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1896|06|01|1823|11|24}} | death_place = Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. | death_cause = Heart failure, motorcycle crash | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = Roxbury, Massachusetts, U.S. | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = Machinist, inventor | known_for = Roper steam velocipede, repeating shotgun, shotgun choke | home_town = | spouse = Almira D. Hill | children = Charles Roper | parents = | awards = Motorcycle Hall of Fame (2002) | footnotes = | box_width = }}Sylvester Howard Roper (November 24, 1823 – June 1, 1896)[1][2] was an American inventor and a pioneering builder of early automobiles and motorcycles from Boston, Massachusetts. In 1863 he built a steam carriage, one of the earliest automobiles.[1][2][3][4][5] The Roper steam velocipede of 1867–1869 may have been the first motorcycle,[6][7][8][9][10] for which he was inducted into the Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 2002.[11] He is also the inventor of the shotgun choke[12] and a revolver repeating shotgun.[13][14] Early lifeSylvester H. Roper's father, Merrick, was a cabinetmaker, born 1792 in Sterling, Massachusetts.[15] Merrick came to Francestown, New Hampshire in 1807 and married Sylvester's mother Susan Fairbanks in 1817.[15] Sylvester had an older brother who was a housepainter, two younger sisters, and a younger brother who became a machinist at the Singer Sewing Machine Manufactory in Boston, then later a jeweler.[15] Sylvester Roper was born on November 24, 1823.[15][16] From an early age he displayed mechanical talent.[15] At age 12 he made a stationary steam engine, even though he had never seen one before in person; this invention was kept on display in the laboratory of the Francestown Academy.[15] At age 14, he built a locomotive engine, and only afterward saw such an engine for the first time in Nashua.[15] Roper left Francestown at a young age and worked as a machinist, first in Nashua, then in Manchester, New York,[17] and Worcester.[15] He married Almira D. Hill on April 20, 1845 in Providence, Rhode Island.[15][18] In 1854 he moved to Boston, Massachusetts living in the Roxbury neighborhood at 299 Eustis Street.[15] InventorAbout the same time he came to Boston, Roper invented his Handstitch Sewing Machine.[15] In 1861 he invented a hot air engine[15] and filed several patents for a hot air engines.[19] He eventually succeeded in building engines ranging from 1 to 4 HP. In 1869 over 200 roper's air engines were in operation. Roper worked for the Springfield Armory during the Civil War.[20] Roper's work eventually came to the attention of other inventors and engineers of the area, including Elias Howe, Alvan Clark, Christopher Miner Spencer.[6] Roper was observed driving his steam carriage around Boston in 1863.[2] One such 1863 carriage went to the Henry Ford Museum.[3][4] Roper invented the first shotgun choke, short tubes that could be threaded onto, or removed from, the outside of the shotgun barrel to vary the shot spread to suit different targets and ranges.[12] Roper and Christopher Miner Spencer were granted a joint patent for a repeating shotgun mechanism on April 4, 1882.[13] Later, on April 21, 1885, Roper alone obtained a patent for an improved shotgun loading mechanism.[14] Roper and his son, Charles, designed a factory producing screw making equipment, which Charles Roper continued to manage after his father's death.[15][6] Death while ridingOn June 1, 1896, Roper rode one of his later velocipede models, a Pope Manufacturing Company Columbia bicycle with a steam engine added,[20] to the Charles River bicycle track, near Harvard Bridge, Cambridge, Massachusetts where he made several laps, pacing bicyclists there, including professional rider Tom Butler[21] who could not keep up with the steam powered machine.[6] Roper was clocked at 2 minutes 1.4 seconds for the flying mile, for a top speed {{Convert|40|mph|abbr=on}}[6][20] He was seen to be unstable and then fall on the track, suffering a head wound, and was found dead.[6] After autopsy, the cause of death was found to be heart failure, although it is unknown if the crash was the cause of the stress on his heart, or if his heart failed prior to the crash.[6] List of patents
Notes1. ^{{Citation |newspaper= Lowell Daily Citizen and News |location=Lowell, Massachusetts |date= 6 January 1863 |number= 2050 |title=S. H. Roper, of Roxbury[...] |quote=S. H. Roper, of Roxbury, has invented a steam wagon for common roads, which stops, turns corners, backs, 'keeps to the right as the law directs,' and does many other intelligent things under the hands of a skilful driver. }} 2. ^1 {{Citation |title=Miscellaneous Items; Mr Sylvester H Roper of Roxbury, Mass has invented a steam carriage… |newspaper=New Haven Daily Palladium |location= New Haven, Connecticut |date= 3 March 1863 |issue= 52 }} 3. ^1 {{Citation |title= Ford Museum Houses U.S. History |last=Pearson |first= Drew |newspaper= Daytona Beach Sunday News-Journal |date= May 16, 1965 |pages= 8|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QbItAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uMwEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3156,3215975 |accessdate=2011-02-06 }} 4. ^1 {{Citation |title=Museum Traces History of Wheels |first=Hugh |last= McCann |newspaper= The New York Times |date= 2 April 1972 |pages= IA27 }} 5. ^See also* "An improved steam carriage," Scientific American, new series, vol. 8, no. 11, page 165 (March 14, 1863).* "New steam carriage," Scientific American, new series, vol. 9, no 22, page 341 (November 28, 1863). 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Citation |newspaper=Boston Daily Globe |date= 2 June 1896 |pages= 1 |title= Died in the Saddle }} 7. ^{{Citation |last1=Falco |first1=Charles M. |year= 1998 |authorlink=Charles M. Falco |title=The Art of the Motorcycle |author2=Guggenheim Museum Staff |editor1-first= Thomas |editor1-last= Krens |editor2-last= Drutt |editor2-first= Matthew |editor-link2= Matthew Drutt |publisher=Harry N. Abrams |isbn=0-89207-207-5 |chapter=Issues in the Evolution of the Motorcycle |pages=24–31, 98–101 |postscript= Michaux-Perreaux year 1868. Roper year 1869.}} 8. ^{{Cite book |last= Setright |first=L. J. K. |authorlink=L. J. K. Setright |year= 1979 |title=The Guinness Book of Motorcycling Facts and Feats |publisher=Guinness Superlatives |isbn=0-85112-200-0 |pages=8–18 |postscript= Michaux-Perreaux year 1867 }} 9. ^{{Citation|last= Kresnak |first=Bill |year=2008 |title= Motorcycling for Dummies|publisher= For Dummies, Wiley Publishing |isbn= 0-470-24587-5 | location= Hoboken, New Jersey |pages=29 |postscript= Roper year 1869. }} 10. ^{{Citation |last= Kerr |first= Glynn |date = August 2008 |title=Design; The Conspiracy Theory |magazine=Motorcycle Consumer News |location=Irvine, California |publisher=Aviation News Corp |volume=39 |issue=8 |issn=1073-9408 |pages=36–37 |postscript= Roper year 1869. }} 11. ^{{Citation |chapter-url= http://www.motorcyclemuseum.org/halloffame/detail.aspx?RacerID=264 |author=American Motorcyclist Association |chapter= Sylvester Roper; American inventor and transportation pioneer who built a steam-powered motorcycle in 1869 |title= AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame |year=2002 |accessdate=2011-01-27 |postscript= Roper year 1869 }} 12. ^1 {{Citation |last= Simpson |first= Layne |title= All choked up: all you need to know about interchangeable chokes |magazine= Hunting |date=February–March 2005 |pages= 30(2) }} 13. ^1 {{cite patent |country= US |number= 255894 |title= Magazine Fire-Arm |gdate= 4 April 1882 |invent1= Christopher Miner Spencer |invent2= Sylvester H. Roper }} 14. ^1 {{cite patent |country= US |number= 316401 |title= Magazine Fire-Arm |gdate= 21 April 1885 |inventor= Sylvester H. Roper }} 15. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 {{Citation |pages=317, 903–904 |title= History of Francestown, N.H. : from its earliest settlement April, 1758, to January 1, 1891 : with a brief genealogical record of all the Francestown families |last= Cochrane |first= W. R. |location=Francestown, N.H. |year= 1895 }} 16. ^1 {{Citation |title= Died; Roper— At Cambridge. 1st inst., Sylvester H. Roper, 72 yrs, 6 monts, 8 dys. |newspaper= Boston Daily Advertiser |location= Boston, Massachusetts |date= 3 June 1896 |page= 8 |number= 132 }} 17. ^The history is unclear if this refers to Manchester (town), New York, Manchester (village), New York, or Manchester, New Hampshire and New York state 18. ^{{Citation |title= Married; At Providence, 20th inst. Mr. Sylvester H Roper and Miss Almira D. Hill, both of Boston. |newspaper= Emancipator and Weekly Chronicle |date= 30 April 1845 |location=Boston, Massachusetts |page= 4 |issue=1 }} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://hotairengines.org/hot-air-engines-patents/roper-patents|title=Roper's Hot Air Engine patents|work=hotairengines.org}} 20. ^1 2 {{Citation |last= Girdler |first= Allan |title=First Fired, First Forgotten |magazine=Cycle World |publisher=Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S. |issn=0011-4286 |location=Newport Beach, California |date= February 1998 |volume= 37 |issue= 2 |pages= 62–70 |postscript= Michaux-Perreaux year 1868. Roper year 1868}} 21. ^The same Tom Butler was overtaken 10 feet from the finish by Major Taylor in the 1899 world {{Convert|1|mi}} track cycling championship. See {{Citation |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=cLFhNYLJD-sC&pg=PA334 |accessdate=2011-02-09 |title= African-American sports greats: a biographical dictionary |first= David L. |last= Porter |publisher= ABC-CLIO |year=1995 |ISBN=0-313-28987-5 |page= 334 }} External links{{Commons category}}
9 : 1823 births|1896 deaths|People from Francestown, New Hampshire|People from Boston|Motorcycle Hall of Fame inductees|19th-century American inventors|Steam motorcycle designers|Machine tool builders|Inventors killed by own invention |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。