| 词条 | Sympecma fusca | ||||
| 释义 |
| name = Common winter damselfly | image = Common winter damselfly (Sympecma fusca) male.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = Male Kampinos Forest, Poland | image2 = Lestidae - Sympecma fusca (female).JPG | image2_width = 250px | image2_caption = Female | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Odonata | subordo = Zygoptera | familia = Lestidae | genus = Sympecma | species = S. fusca | binomial = Sympecma fusca | binomial_authority = (Vander Linden, 1820) |synonyms_ref=[1][2] |synonyms={{collapsible list|bullets = true | Agrion fuscum Vander Linden, 1820 | Agrion phallatum Charpentier 1825 | Lestes fusca Selys & Hagen 1850 | Sympecma aragonensis Navás, 1927}} }}Sympecma fusca, the common winter damselfly, is a damselfly a member of the Lestidae and related to the emeralds or spreadwings.[3] Distribution and habitatThis species can be found in much of southern and central Europe stretching out to Asia where it is replaced by S. paedisca. It is found around the Mediterranean in Europe and North Africa and on many Mediterranean islands.[4][5] It can be found in all types of standing water, including in brackish waters. In winter adults are found away from water on dry plant stems usually in open areas such as grassland and heaths. It was recorded for the first time in Britain in 2008.[6] DescriptionSympecma fusca can reach a length of about {{convert|38|mm}}.[6] It is distinct from all other European damselflies except Sympecma paedisca, so in most of its range there are no problems with identification. In fact it does not have the bright blue or red colouration that is more usual for damselflies so it is often overlooked. Moreover it do not have the metallic emerald green sheen that is characteristic of the Lestes.[6]These damselflies have pale brown pterostigma on both forewing and hindwing and the pterostigma are nearer the wing tip on the forewing which means that both pterostigma can be seen, they do not overlap as in other damselflies. In the field this is easily seen and distinguishes Sympecma from all other damselflies. Males that have overwintered have dark brown pterostigma on both forewing and hindwing and many develop blue eyes. Where both S. fusca and S. paedisca fly together careful examination of the adult, in the hand, preferably under magnification, is required to tell the two species apart. In the male the anal appendages are slightly different and there are subtle differences in the markings on the thorax in both sexes. BehaviourThis species is found all year round as it overwinter as an adult.[6] It usually blends in with the dried grass stalks in which it overwinters. It is one of only two species of European dragonflies that overwinter as adult insects, the other being the related Sympecma paedisca. Although related to the Lestes 'spreadwing' damselflies, Sympecma rest with their wings alongside their bodies In spring thesse damselflies mates and with the pairs still in tandem, the females oviposit in floating vegetation. Most reproductive behaviour occurs in April and May. The eggs hatch and the larvae develop rapidly in about 2 months. When the adults emerge they move away from water, often to heath or grassland a long distance from water, where they overwinter hidden amongst dried plant stems. GallerySee also
References1. ^Selys & Hagen 1850, Revue des Odonates Paris:161 2. ^Charpentier, 1825 Hor. Ent., Paris 10 3. ^Paulson D., Schorr M., (2005-2013): [https://www.pugetsound.edu/academics/academic-resources/slater-museum/biodiversity-resources/dragonflies/world-odonata-list2/ World Odonata List] 4. ^Fauna europaea 5. ^IUCN 6. ^1 2 3 Winter Damselfly Bibliography
4 : Lestidae|Articles containing video clips|Taxa named by Pierre Léonard Vander Linden|Insects described in 1820 |
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