“Symponos”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The symponos ({{lang-el|σύμπονος}}) was, along with the logothetes tou praitoriou, one of the two senior subalterns to the Eparch of Constantinople, the chief administrator of the capital of the Byzantine Empire.^[1] His main responsibility was the supervision of the city's guilds on the Eparch's behalf.^[2]^[3] Earlier scholars suggested that each guild had its own symponos, but this hypothesis has been rejected since.^[4]^[5] John B. Bury identified him as the successor of the adsessor attested in the late 4th-century Notitia Dignitatum, but the earliest surviving seal of a symponos dates to the 6th or 7th centuries. The office is last attested in 1023.^[4]^[5] According to the Taktikon Uspensky, the symponos and the logothetes tou praitoriou preceded, rank-wise, the chartoularioi of the Byzantine themes and domesticates, but were beneath the rank of spatharios.^[6]

References

1. ^{{harvnb|Kazhdan|1991|p=705}}; {{harvnb|Bury|1911|p=70}}.
2. ^{{harvnb|Laiou|2007|loc=Nicolas Oikonomides, "The Role of the Byzantine State in the Economy", p. 975}}.
3. ^{{harvnb|Sinnigen|1957|p=55}}: "In the ninth century, the ministry was divided into two departments, one under a symponos or assessor, who supervised the urban guilds, the other under the logothetes tou praitoriou, who may (like the earlier primiscrinius) have been concerned with the administration of justice."
4. ^¹{{harvnb|Kazhdan|1991|p=1989}}.
5. ^¹{{harvnb|Bury|1911|p=71}}.
6. ^{{harvnb|Bury|1911|p=70}}.

Sources

{{cite book | last=Bury | first=John Bagnell | authorlink=J. B. Bury | title=The Imperial Administrative System of the Ninth Century - With a Revised Text of the Kletorologion of Philotheos | year=1911 | location=London | publisher=Oxford University Press | url=https://archive.org/details/imperialadminist00buryrich | ref=harv}}

{{cite encyclopedia | editor-last=Kazhdan | editor-first=Alexander | editor-link=Alexander Kazhdan | encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium | location=New York and Oxford | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1991 | isbn=978-0-19-504652-6 | ref=harv}}

{{cite book|editor-last=Laiou|editor-first=Angeliki E.|editor-link=Angeliki Laiou|title=The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century|year=2007|origyear=2002|url=http://www.doaks.org/publications/doaks_online_publications/EHB.html|location=Washington, District of Columbia|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|isbn=978-0-88402-332-6|ref=harv}}

{{cite book|last=Sinnigen|first=William Gurnee|title=The Officium of the Urban Prefecture during the Later Roman Empire|location=Rome, Italy|publisher=American Academy in Rome|year=1957|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NnYSAAAAIAAJ|ref=harv}}

2 : Administration of Constantinople|Byzantine fiscal offices