请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Synchronous culture
释义

  1. Methods

  2. References

{{more citations needed|date=November 2017}}

A synchronous or synchronized culture is a microbiological culture or a cell culture that contains cells that are all in the same growth stage.[1][2]

As numerous factors influence the cell cycle (some of them stochastic) normal cultures have cells in all stages of the cell cycle. Obtaining a culture with a unified cell-cycle stage is useful for biological research where a particular stage in the cell cycle is desired (such as the culturing of parasitized cells[3]). Since cells are too small for certain research techniques, a synchronous culture can be treated as a single cell; the number of cells in the culture can be easily estimated, and quantitative experimental results can simply be divided in the number of cells to obtain values that apply to a single cell. Synchronous cultures have been extensively used to address questions regarding cell cycle and growth, and the effects of various factors on these.[4]

Methods

Synchronous cultures can be obtained in several ways:

  • External conditions can be changed, so as to arrest growth of all cells in the culture, and then changed again to resume growth. The newly growing cells are now all starting to grow at the same stage, and they are synchronized. For example, for photosynthetic cells, light can be eliminated for several hours and then re-introduced. Another method is to eliminate an essential nutrient from the growth medium and later re-introduce it.[5]
  • Cell growth can also be arrested using chemical growth inhibitors. After growth has completely stopped for all cells, the inhibitor can be removed from the culture and the cells then begin to grow synchronously.[6] Nocodazole, for example, has been used in biological research for synchronization, although some evidence suggests it may lack such ability to synchronize cells.[7]
  • Cells in different growth stages have different physical properties. Cells in a culture can thus be physically separated based on their density or size, for instance. This can be achieved using centrifugation (for density) or filtration (for size).
  • In the Helmstetter-Cummings technique, a bacterial culture is filtered through a membrane. Most bacteria pass through, but some remain bound to the membrane. Fresh medium is then applied to the membrane and the bound bacteria start to grow. Newborn bacteria that detach from the membrane are now all at the same stage of growth; they are collected in a flask that now harbors a synchronous culture.[8]

References

1. ^{{cite journal|title=Synchronous Cultures of Micro-organisms : Large-scale Preparation by Continuous-flow Size Selection|url=http://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/micro/88/1/mic-88-1-153.pdf?expires=1510627926&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=D04FBE75D40D7EB9A7EFA173637D3EA5|journal=Journal of General Microbiology|date=1975|volume=88|issue=1|pages=153–158|first1=D. |last1=LLOYD|display-authors=etal|doi=10.1099/00221287-88-1-153|pmid=807677}}
2. ^{{cite journal|title=Production of Minimally Disturbed Synchronous Cultures of Hematopoietic Cells|url=https://www.biotechniques.com/multimedia/archive/00011/02325rr05_11098a.pdf|journal=BioTechniques |volume=32|issue=5|pages=1098–1105|date=May 2002|first1=Maureen |last1=Thornton|first2= Kathryn Leigh |last2=Eward|first3=Charles E.|last3=Helmstetter|doi=10.2144/02325rr05|pmid=12019783}}
3. ^{{cite journal|title=Synchronous culture of Plasmodium falciparum at high parasitemia levels|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nprot.2009.198|journal=Nature Protocols |volume=4|issue=12|date=2009|doi=10.1038/nprot.2009.198|pmid=20010926|first1=Azar|last1=Radfar|display-authors=etal|pages=1828–1844}}
4. ^{{cite journal|title=Synchronous Growth of Cells and the Generation Time Distribution|url=http://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/micro/70/1/mic-70-1-99.pdf?expires=1510627925&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=C9DA78ED97E29B1309847DD37DEB15A3|journal=Journal of General Microbiology|date=1972|volume=70|issue=1|pages=99–107|first1=J. D. |last1=HARVEY|doi=10.1099/00221287-70-1-99|pmid=5041269}}
5. ^{{cite journal|title=PHYSICAL METHODS FOR OBTAINING SYNCHRONOUS CULTURE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI|journal=Journal of Bacteriology|date=May 1956|volume=71|issue=5|pages=542–546|first1=Yoichi |last1=Maruyamaa|first2=Tomomichi|last2=Yanagitab|pmc=357850|pmid=13331866}}
6. ^{{cite journal|title=Simple Equipment for Establishing Continuous Synchronous Cultures of Microorganisms |date=1979|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume= 21|issue= 1|pages=147–151|first1=L. |last1=KJAERGAARD|first2=B. B. |last2=JOERGENSEN |doi=10.1002/bit.260210111}}
7. ^{{cite journal|title=Nocodazole does not synchronize cells: implications for cell-cycle control and whole-culture synchronization|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d636/c66adb7006f85355e4dbc852a7f55d10b91a.pdf|first1=Stephen |last1=Cooper|display-authors=etal|date=2006|journal=Cell Tissue Res|volume=324|issue=2|pages=237–242|doi=10.1007/s00441-005-0118-8|pmid=16432713}}
8. ^{{cite journal|title=Synchronous Growth of Enteric Bacteria|journal=Journal of Bacteriology|date=September 1970|volume=103|issue=3|pages=789–792|first1=Talaat E. |last1=Shehata |first2=Allen G.|last2= Marr|pmc=248159|pmid=4919993}}

3 : Microbiology techniques|Molecular biology techniques|Cell culture
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/11 13:59:01