| 词条 | Minister for Māori Development | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| post = Minister for Maori Development | body = | native_name = | flag = Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg | flagsize = | flagborder = | flagcaption = Flag of New Zealand | insignia = | insigniasize = | insigniacaption = Coat of arms of New Zealand | image = File:Nanaia Mahuta looks left.jpg | imagesize = | alt = | incumbent = Nanaia Mahuta | incumbentsince = 26 October 2017 | type = | status = | department = Ministry of Maori Development | style = The Honourable | member_of = Executive Council | reports_to = Prime Minister of New Zealand | residence = | seat = | nominator = | appointer = Governor-General of New Zealand | appointer_qualified = | termlength = At Her Majesty's pleasure | termlength_qualified = | constituting_instrument = | precursor = | formation = 27 August 1858 | first = William Richmond | last = | abolished = | succession = | abbreviation = | unofficial_names = | deputy = | salary = $243,841[1] | website = [https://www.govt.nz/organisations/te-puni-kokiri/ Ministry of Māori Development] }}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}{{Use New Zealand English|date=November 2016}}{{Politics of New Zealand}} The Minister for Māori Development is the minister of the New Zealand government with broad responsibility for government policy towards Māori, the first inhabitants of New Zealand. The Minister heads the Te Puni Kōkiri (TPK, or the Ministry for Māori Development). Between 1947 and 2014 the position was called Minister of Māori Affairs; before that it was known as Minister of Native Affairs. As of 2017, The current Minister for Māori Development is Nanaia Mahuta.[2] RoleThe role of the Minister for Māori Development differs somewhat from those of other ministers. While the Minister of Māori Development does have a government department to supervise (Te Puni Kōkiri, TPK for short, or the Ministry of Māori Development), he or she also has input into other portfolios to the extent that they affect Māori. For example, the Minister of Māori Development would expect to be involved in the development of Māori language policy in the education portfolio, even though education is normally the sole responsibility of the Minister of Education.[3][4] HistoryThe office was originally called Minister of Native Affairs, or simply Native Minister. Most early Ministers of Native Affairs were not Māori, although a convention existed that there should be Māori in Cabinet (albeit without portfolio). Prior to the implementation of responsible government, Māori affairs (specifically the purchase of land from Māori by the Crown) had been handled by the Governor.[5] Attitudes of early Ministers were varied. The first Minister, William Richmond, considered Māori to be savages, and believed that his task was to "reform" Māori by making them more like Europeans. He was particularly hostile to Māori tradition of shared land ownership, considering it "beastly communism".[6] Other Ministers were more friendly to Māori interests — James FitzGerald, the sixth Minister, believed that peaceful co-existence with Māori was vital, and considered the confiscation of Māori land to be an "enormous crime".[7] Other Ministers have varied between these positions.[8] The first Minister of Native Affairs to be ethnically Māori was James Caroll, appointed by the Liberal Party in the late 19th century.[9] Another prominent Minister of Native Affairs was Āpirana Ngata, also of the Liberals. For the most part, however, early Ministers were Pākehā, although were frequently advised by Māori colleagues.[10] Maui Pomare[11] of the Reform Party and Eruera Tirikatene of the Labour Party were examples of politicians who played a major role in the portfolio without actually holding office.[12] After Caroll and Ngata, it was not until Matiu Rata (1972–1975) that there was another ethnically Māori Minister of Māori Affairs.[13] {{citation needed|date=June 2014}}Under the Maori Purposes Act 1947, the Ministerial title and all other government usage was changed from 'Native' to 'Maori'.[14] Contemporary timesIn modern times, the tendency has been for the major parties to have Māori as their Māori Affairs spokespeople (and thus as Minister) when possible. The Labour Party has consistently had Māori in this role since the 1970s, while the National Party has had a mixture of Māori and Pākehā.[15] After the 2014 general election cabinet reshuffle, the title was changed from Minister of Māori Affairs to Minister of Māori Development. While Prime Minister John Key said that there was not really any difference in what the portfolio would involve, "it gives you a sense of where the minister [Flavell] will want to shape the portfolio".[16] During the 2014-2017 term of the Fifth National Government, Te Ururoa Flavell served as the Minister for Māori Development.[17] Following the formation of the Sixth Labour Government, Nanaia Mahuta was appointed as Minister for Māori Development.[18] List of MinistersThe table below lists ministers who have held responsibility for Māori issues. Initially, the title used was Minister of Native Affairs, but the title was changed to Minister of Maori Affairs on 17 December 1947 and then to Minister of Māori Affairs with the insertion of the macron in modern orthography under the Māori Language Commission. In 2014, the title was changed for a fourth time to Minister of Māori Development.
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Parliamentary Salaries and Allowances Determination 2016|url=https://www.parliament.nz/media/3151/parliamentary-salaries-and-allowances-determination-2016.pdf|publisher=New Zealand Parliament|accessdate=11 October 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Ministry of Māori Development|url=https://www.govt.nz/organisations/te-puni-kokiri/|publisher=New Zealand Government|accessdate=11 October 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Roles and functions|url=https://www.tpk.govt.nz/en/mo-te-puni-kokiri/what-we-do/our-role-and-functions/|publisher=Te Puni Kōkiri|accessdate=11 October 2017}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Luxton|first1=John|title=The Ministry of Māori Development – Te Puni Kōkiri|date=2008|publisher=New Zealand Business Roundtable|location=Wellington|isbn=9781877394270|edition=2008|url=https://nzinitiative.org.nz/dmsdocument/85|accessdate=11 October 2017}} 5. ^Butterworth and Young, "Appendix 1: Political Heads of the Departments of Maori Affairs," Maori Affairs, pp. 123-124. 6. ^{{cite web|last1=Sinclair|first1=Keith|title=Richmond, Christopher William|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1r9/richmond-christopher-william|publisher=Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand|accessdate=11 October 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web|last1=Macintyre|first1=W. David|title=Fitzgerald, James Edward|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1f9/fitzgerald-james-edward|publisher=Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand|accessdate=11 October 2017}} 8. ^Butterworth and Young, Maori Affairs, pp. 5-7. 9. ^Butterworth and Young, Maori Affairs, p. 58. 10. ^Butterworth and Young, Maori Affairs, pp. 74-78. 11. ^{{cite web|last1=Butterworth|first1=Graham|title=Pomare, Maui Wiremu Piti Naera|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/3p30/pomare-maui-wiremu-piti-naera|publisher=Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand|accessdate=11 October 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web|last1=Ballara|first1=Angela|title=Tirikatene, Eruera Tihema Te Aika|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/4t18/tirikatene-eruera-tihema-te-aika|publisher=Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand|accessdate=11 October 2017}} 13. ^Butterworth and Young, Maori Affairs, pp. 107-110. 14. ^Butterworth and Young, Maori Affairs, pp. 123-124. 15. ^{{cite web|title=Māori Ministers|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/parliaments-people/maori-mps|website=New Zealand History|publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage|accessdate=11 October 2017}} 16. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11337482 | title=Flavell given portfolio renamed to reflect 'new focus' on Maori future | work=The New Zealand Herald | date=6 October 2014 | accessdate=7 October 2014 | author=Bennett, Adam}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Hon Te Ururoa Flavell|url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/mps-and-electorates/former-members-of-parliament/flavell-te-ururoa|publisher=New Zealand Parliament|accessdate=26 October 2017}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Ministerial List|url=https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/our-business-units/cabinet-office/ministers-and-their-portfolios/ministerial-list|publisher=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet|accessdate=26 October 2017}} Further reading
External links
5 : Lists of government ministers of New Zealand|Race relations in New Zealand|Māori politics|Indigenous affairs ministries|Māori-related lists |
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