| 词条 | Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Ministry for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters | nativename_a = Министерство по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий | nativename_r = Ministerstvo po delam grazhdanskoy oborony, chrezvychainym situatsiyam i likvidatsii posledstviy stihiynyh bedstviy | abbreviation = EMERCOM | logo = Flag of the Russian Ministry of Extraordinary Situations.svg | logo_width = 150px | logo_caption = Ministry Flag | seal = Mchs russia.svg | seal_width = | seal_caption = Ministry Emblem | formed = {{start date|1990|12|27}} | preceding1 = Russian Rescue Corps | preceding2 = | dissolved = | superseding = | jurisdiction = President of Russia | headquarters = Teatralny proyezd 3, Moscow | coordinates = {{coord|55|45|34.88|N|37|37|22.00|E|type:landmark_region:RU|display=inline,title}} | employees = | budget = | minister1_name = Vladimir Puchkov | minister1_pfo = Minister for the Affairs of Civil Defence, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief | parent_agency = Government of Russia | child1_agency = Russian State Fire Service | child2_agency = GIMS (Main Inspection for Small Vessels) | website = {{url|en.mchs.ru}} | footnotes = }} Russian President Boris Yeltsin established the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Affairs for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters ({{lang-ru|link=no|Министерство России по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий}}), also known as The Ministry of Emergency Situations, MChS ({{lang-ru|link=no|Министерство по чрезвычайным ситуациям – МЧС России}}), or internationally as EMERCOM (derived from "Emergency Control Ministry") on January 10, 1994. One school of thought traces the origins of the agency to December 27, 1990, when the RSFSR established the Russian Rescue Corps and assigned it the mission of rapid response in the case of emergencies.[1] {{As of | 2016}} the Head of Ministry is Vladimir Puchkov, appointed on May 17, 2012, and replacing Sergey Shoygu, the foundational Emergencies Minister who served in the role for sixteen years.HistoryThe history of civil defence services in Russia traces to the years of Muscovy rule and the 1649 "Direction on Municipal rescue" decree of Tsar Alexis of Russia which officially raised the Moscow Municipal Fire Service, the first active fire department in Russia. When Peter the Great was Tsar, Saint Petersburg was given its own fire department modeled on Western practices of the time. By 1863 it was transformed, by orders of Tsar Alexander II of Russia, as the first ever professional fire service in Russia and Eastern Europe. Starting in 1932 civil defense matters were performed by the Local Air Defense Units (Местная противовоздушная оборона PBO-C, Mestnaya protivovozdushnaya oborona PVO-S) under the nascent Soviet Air Defense Forces, which were transferred to the NKVD in 1940 (and served with distinction, together with the NKVD Fire Services Command founded in 1918, in the Great Patriotic War). In 1960 it was returned to the Ministry of Defense as a service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces (the Civil Defence Forces of the Ministry of Defense) and a directly reporting agency, while the MVD retained the firefighting service. In the aftermath of the events of the 1988 Armenian earthquake and the Chernobyl disaster, on July 17, 1990 a directive decision of the Presidium of The Supreme Council of Russian Socialist Soviet Republic led to the formation of the Russian Rescue Corps (Российский корпус спасателей), which eventually was formed by the Soviet Government on December 27, 1990. On April 17, 1991 the Presidium of The Supreme Council of Russia appointed Sergei Shoigu as Chairman of the State Committee for Extraordinary Situations (Государственный Комитет по чрезвычайным ситуациям, ГКЧС), which succeeded the RRC. On November 19, 1991 The State committee was merged with the Headquarters for Civil Defense of the USSR (under the Ministry of Defense) to create the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence Matters, Extraordinary Situations and the Liquidation of Natural Disasters (Государственный комитет по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий при Президенте РСФСР) and was subordinated to the President of Russia. On January 10, 1994 The State committee became part of the Government of Russia and the ministry was named The Ministry for the Affairs of Civil Defence, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief, with Sergei Shoigu as a minister. On January 1, 2002, The Russian State Fire Service, the National Fire service, became part of the ministry with 278,000 firefighters, removed from the Ministry of Internal Affairs control after 84 years. On May 12, 2012, Vladimir Puchkov was appointed as the new minister, replacing Shoigu who was later appointed as Defense Minister after a brief stint as Governor of Moscow Oblast. DutiesAccording to an EMERCOM publication, the Ministry is an agency of Federal Executive Power with the following tasks:
Ministers{{Main article|Minister of Emergency Situations (Russia)}}Sergey ShoiguThe First Minister in charge of EMERCOM was Sergei Shoigu. He was appointed by President Yeltsin in November 1991 as Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence Matters, Extraordinary Situations and the Liquidation of Natural Disasters. Shoigu was given the rank of Major General in October 1994, and his committee became a ministry in January 1994. President Yeltsin showed his faith in the importance of EMERCOM by designating Minister Shoigu a member of the Russian Security Council by Presidential Decree on February 1, 1994. In May 2012 he was appointed as Governor of Moscow Oblast and he resigned from his office. Vladimir PuchkovVladimir Puchkov was the Deputy Minister of Emergencies. In May 2012 he was appointed as Minister. Departments
Commissions and Boards
Working through the office of the Prime Minister, the Ministry can ask for private, Ministry of Defence or National Guard of Russia assistance. That is, the Ministry has international coordination power and the ability to tap local resources if required. The Department of International Cooperation, to present an example of the activities of one of these departments and commissions, has already signed agreements on cooperation during disaster response and prevention with Germany, Italy, France, Switzerland, Poland, Belarus, Georgia, and Kazakhstan. Mutual assistance pacts are ready for signing with Mongolia, Latvia, Finland, Armenia, Moldova, Serbia and Estonia. An agreement also exists with the U.N. High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), and agreements are sought with the OSCE and NATO. Internal organizations
To perform rapid response operations the following forces and equipment are available:
EquipmentAviation
Cars
Boats
GallerySee also{{Portal|Russia|Disasters}}
References1. ^{{cite web |title = Russian Rescue Corps established. Russian Rescuer Day |url = http://www.prlib.ru/en-us/History/Pages/Item.aspx?itemid=773 |website = Presidential Library |publisher = Presidential Library |accessdate = 2016-05-13 |quote = [On] December 27, 1990 a decree by the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR № 606 "On the establishment of the Russian Rescue Corps as the RSFSR State Committee, as well as the formation of a unified state and social system of forecasting, prevention and emergency response" was adopted. |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160315121113/http://www.prlib.ru/en-us/History/Pages/Item.aspx?itemid=773 |archivedate = March 15, 2016 |df = mdy-all}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://bmpd.livejournal.com/387112.html |title=bmpd |publisher=livejournal.com |accessdate=March 10, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224033109/http://bmpd.livejournal.com/387112.html |archivedate=December 24, 2012 |df=mdy-all }} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Global Airline Guide 2017 (Part Two)|journal=Airliner World|issue=November 2017|page=30|accessdate=11 October 2017}}
External links{{commons category|EMERCOM of Russia}}
4 : Federal Ministries of Russia|Emergency services in Russia|Ministries established in 1994|Humanitarian military operations |
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