| 词条 | Min Kingdom | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh|閩|nocat=true}}}} |conventional_long_name = Min |common_name = Min (Ten Kingdoms) | |era = Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period |status = Empire |status_text = |empire = Late Liang Dynasty |government_type = Monarchy | | |year_start = 909 |year_end = 945 | |year_exile_start = |year_exile_end = | |event_start = Wang Shenzhi became the Prince |date_start = |event_end = Ended by Southern Tang |date_end = | |event1 = Wang Yanjun declared himself the Emperor |date_event1 = 933 |event2 = Independence of Yin |date_event2 = 943 |event3 = |date_event3 = |event4 = |date_event4 = | |event_pre = |date_pre = |event_post = |date_post = | |p1 = Tang Dynasty |s1 = Southern Tang |s2 = Yin (Ten Kingdoms){{!}}Yin |s3 = Wuyue (Ten Kingdoms){{!}}Wuyue | |image_flag = |flag = |flag_type = | |image_coat = |symbol = |symbol_type = | |image_map = L.LIANG.jpg |image_map_caption = | |capital = Changle |capital_exile = |latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= | |national_motto = |national_anthem = |common_languages = Middle Chinese, Proto-Min |religion = |currency = | |leader1 = Wang Shenzhi |leader2 = Wang Yanzheng |leader3 = |leader4 = |year_leader1 = 909–925 |year_leader2 = 943–945 |year_leader3 = 941–947 |year_leader4 = |title_leader = King/Emperor |deputy1 = |deputy2 = |deputy3 = |deputy4 = |year_deputy1 = |year_deputy2 = |year_deputy3 = |year_deputy4 = |title_deputy = | |stat_year1 = |stat_area1 = |stat_pop1 = |stat_year2 = |stat_area2 = |stat_pop2 = |stat_year3 = |stat_area3 = |stat_pop3 = |stat_year4 = |stat_area4 = |stat_pop4 = |stat_year5 = |stat_area5 = |stat_pop5 = |footnotes = }}{{Chinese|t=閩國|s=闽国|poj=Bân-kok|buc=Mìng-guók}} Min ({{zh|c={{linktext|閩}}|p=Mǐn}}) was one of the Ten Kingdoms which was in existence between the years of 909 and 945. It existed in a mountainous region of modern-day Fujian province of China and had a history of quasi-independent rule. Its capital was Fuzhou. It was founded by Wang Shenzhi. FoundingWang Shenzhi’s older brother Wang Chao was given the title of Surveillance Commissioner in 892. Wang Shenzhi himself was named military commissioner, and in 909, in the wake of the collapse of the Tang Dynasty two years earlier, named himself the Prince of Min. Wang Shenzhi’s son declared himself the Emperor of Min in 933. At that point, his father was posthumously named Min Taizu. Etymology of "Min"{{Anchor|Etymology}}The early Chinese exonym {{zh|p=Mǐn|s=|t=|labels=no}} ({{lang|zh-hant|閩}}) was a graphic pejorative written with Radical 142 {{lang|zh-hant|虫}}, the "insect" or "reptile" radical. Xu Shen's (c. 121 CE) Shuowen Jiezi dictionary defines min as:[1] "Southeastern Yue [i.e., Viet]; snake race. [The character is formed] from [the] insect / serpent [radical and takes its pronunciation from] {{transl|zh|mén}}.Territorial extentThe capital of the Min Kingdom was Changle, now known as Fuzhou. The kingdom was essentially limited to modern-day Fujian Province in China’s southeast. AdministrationThe territory of the Min was relatively isolated and rugged, thus not as economically prosperous as other regions of the Chinese realm. The Min court attempted to attract scholars that would assist in constructing an effective bureaucratic and tax system to bring the kingdom up to contemporary standards. Maritime trade developed over this period of time. This would set the stage for a successful regional maritime trade that could continue during future Chinese dynasties. Yin KingdomIn 943, one of Wang Shenzhi’s sons rebelled and declared independence from the Min in the northwest of the territory of the kingdom, proclaiming the Yin dynasty. The Min court asked the Southern Tang for assistance in quelling the rebellion in Yin. Rather than assisting the Min government, the Southern Tang came in and absorbed the territory into its own holdings. Fall of the MinSeeing the threat posed by the Southern Tang, the Min court declared its allegiance to the Wuyue kingdom to its north. However, this did not stop the Southern Tang from marching in and incorporating the remainder of the Min Kingdom into its holdings in 945. However, in the year 949, the warlord Liu Congxiao, who nominally submitted to him but controlled Quan (泉州, in modern Quanzhou, Fujian) and Zhang (漳州, in modern Zhangzhou, Fujian) Prefectures in de facto independence and ruled by several of those generals called Qingyuan Jiedushi in succession until 978, when the territory was seized by Song Dynasty. Rulers of Min
Rulers family tree of Min{{chart top|width=55%|Rulers family tree}}{{chart/start|align=center|style=font-size:112%;|summary=Boxes and lines diagram with 9 boxes}}{{chart| | | | |Ni | Ni=Wang Nin 王恁| boxstyle_Ni=border-width:1px}}{{chart| |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.}}{{chart|Ch | | Sh | |Sh2 | Ch=Wang Chao 王潮b.846-d.898| boxstyle_Ch=border-width:1px| Sh={{nowrap|Wang Shenzhi 王審知 b.862–d.925 Tàizǔ 太祖 r.909－925 }}| Sh2=Wang Shengui 王審邽 b.858－d.904| boxstyle_Sh2=border-width:1px}}{{chart| |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }}{{chart| Ya | | Ya2 | | Ya3 | | Ya4 | Ya={{nowrap| Wang Yanhan 王延翰 r.925－926; d.927}}| Ya2=Wang Yanjun 王延鈞 d.935 Huìzōng 惠宗 r.927－935| Ya3={{nowrap|Wang Yanxi 王延羲 d.944 Jǐngzōng (景宗) r.939－944}}| Ya4={{nowrap|Wang Yanzheng 王延政 d.951 Tiande (天德帝) r.943－945}}}}{{chart| | | | | |!}}{{chart| | | | | Ji | Ji={{nowrap|Wang Jipeng 王繼鵬 d.939 Kāngzōng (康宗) r.935－939 }}}}{{chart/end}}{{chart bottom}} References1. ^{{cite web |last=Mair |first=V. H. |authorlink=Victor H. Mair |date=2003 |title=How to Forget Your Mother Tongue and Remember Your National Language |url=http://www.pinyin.info/readings/mair/taiwanese.html}} Quotation translated from Chinese ("{{lang|zh-hant|東南越蛇穜从虫門聲}}") Sources{{refbegin}}
9 : Min Kingdom|Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms|Former countries in Chinese history|900s establishments|10th-century establishments in China|940s disestablishments|10th-century disestablishments in China|909 establishments|States and territories disestablished in the 940s |
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