| 词条 | Tampering (crime) |
| 释义 |
Tampering can refer to many forms of sabotage but the term is often used to mean intentional modification of products in a way that would make them harmful to the consumer. This threat has prompted manufacturers to make products that are either difficult to modify or at least difficult to modify without warning the consumer that the product has been tampered with. Since the person making the modification is typically long gone by the time the crime is discovered, many of these cases are never solved. The crime is often linked with attempts to extort money from the manufacturer, and in many cases no contamination to a product ever takes place. Fraud is sometimes handled as a matter of civil law, but actual modification of products is almost always a matter of criminal law. Examples1982 Chicago Tylenol murdersSeven people died in this incident in the United States after taking medication that had been contaminated with cyanide. One man was later convicted of extortion, but no one was convicted of the murders. In 2009, the Federal Bureau of Investigation announced that it was re-examining the case. This event led to new requirements for tamper-evident seals on over-the-counter medications and changes in US tampering laws. Foreign objectsTampering cases often involve foreign objects in food products.[1][2] These cases often focus on determining whether the contamination occurred during manufacturing, either accidentally or intentionally, or whether the claims made by the complaining customers are real or fraudulent. Fraudulent claimsA famous case involving claims by customers that had tainted the products themselves was a series of claims in 1993 of needles found in Pepsi products. The manufacturer convincingly demonstrated that the contamination could not have taken place at the bottling plant, and several people were proven to have put the needles in themselves.[3] Hardware TrojanHardware Trojan (HT), malicious modification of the circuitry of an integrated circuit. References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.food.gov.uk/enforcement/alerts/2005/sep/alliedbakeries|title=Allied Bakeries issue press statement on tampering incidents involving bread produced at Orpington plant}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.police.qld.gov.au/News+and+Alerts/Media+Releases/2006/05/Investigation+continues+into+Top+Taste+food+tampering.htm|title=Investigation continues into Top Taste food tampering}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3289/is_n3_v163/ai_15312359|title=The Pepsi Challenge: managing a crisis - product tampering case at Pepsi Cola General Bottlers Inc. Pepsi Cola Bottling Co | work=Prepared Foods | first=Betty | last=Mohr | year=1994}} External links
2 : Crimes|Property crimes |
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