| 词条 | Tannourine |
| 释义 |
| official_name = Tannourine | native_name = تنورين | native_name_lang = ar | settlement_type = City | translit_lang1 = | image_skyline =File:Tannourine, au nord du Liban.JPG | image_caption = Tannourine | image_map = | pushpin_map=Lebanon |coordinates = {{coord|34|11|00|N|35|54|11|E|display=inline}} | area_total_km2 = 92 | population_total = 16000 | population_as_of = 2015 |area_code = +961 (06) | website = | footnotes = | timezone = Asia/Beirut | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = +3 | utc_offset_DST = |latitude = |longitude = }} Tannourine ({{lang-ar|تنورين}}, also Tannoureen, Tannorine) is a Lebanese municipality located in the Batroun District, part of the Mohafazah (Governorate) of North-Lebanon, 75 km from the capital Beirut. Tannourine’s name stems from the town's geography, which resemble the convex form of an oven called the tannoor. The "ine" is probably in proportion to the presence of 2 areas that make up this town, the Lower Tannourine and the upper Tannourine areas, From here immigrated the Lebanese politician to Colombia José Antonio Turbay Jorge because of the Ottoman Empire and being a second-level cousin of the former president of Colombia Julio César Turbay. EtymologyTannourine is the plural of the Syriac word Tannour. A Tannour is an old stone oven used in ancient times. The very first settlers established a number of Tannours in Tannourine-Al-Fawqa, and later settled down the valley in Tannourine-Al-Tahta, where a more fertile landscape allowed local agriculture to thrive. Tannourine lies in a collection of valleys and ravines accessible either from Douma, Kfour Al Arbe, a backroad from Bsharri or from a newly constructed highway direct from Batroun or from Laklouk road. Climate{{Weather box|metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Tannourine|Jan high C= 5 |Feb high C= 4 |Mar high C= 8 |Apr high C= 13 |May high C= 15 |Jun high C= 18 |Jul high C= 22 |Aug high C= 23 |Sep high C= 20 |Oct high C= 18 |Nov high C= 13 |Dec high C= 8 |Jan mean C= 2 |Feb mean C= 0 |Mar mean C= 4 |Apr mean C= 8 |May mean C= 11 |Jun mean C= 15 |Jul mean C= 18 |Aug mean C= 19 |Sep mean C= 16 |Oct mean C= 14 |Nov mean C= 9 |Dec mean C= 4 |Jan low C= -1 |Feb low C= -3 |Mar low C= 0 |Apr low C= 3 |May low C= 8 |Jun low C= 12 |Jul low C= 14 |Aug low C= 15 |Sep low C= 12 |Oct low C= 9 |Nov low C= 5 |Dec low C= 0 |Jan precipitation mm = 163 |Feb precipitation mm = 128 |Mar precipitation mm = 82 |Apr precipitation mm = 29 |May precipitation mm = 7 |Jun precipitation mm = 1 |Jul precipitation mm = 0 |Aug precipitation mm = 0 |Sep precipitation mm = 1 |Oct precipitation mm = 32 |Nov precipitation mm = 104 |Dec precipitation mm = 151 |Jan rain days= 15 |Feb rain days= 13 |Mar rain days= 10 |Apr rain days= 5 |May rain days= 2 |Jun rain days= 0 |Jul rain days= 0 |Aug rain days= 0 |Sep rain days= 0 |Oct rain days= 5 |Nov rain days= 9 |Dec rain days= 12 |source = chinci[1] |date=October 2011}} Tannourine Cedar ReserveThe village also shares its name with a cedar forest of some 60,000 trees. The landscape overlooking the historic valley of Ain-Al-Raha is ideal for the culture of cedars, which grow in abundance. These cedars can be seen along the road that goes north to Hadath al-Jebbeh, which, although in poor condition, winds its way through wild and isolated scenery up to the Kadisha Valley gorge, leading to Bsharri. Other companion trees like Cupressus, Pinus, Abies, Populus and others constitute a very rich ecosystem in planter species. The fauna described as being present in this type of unique ecosystem range from the various types of birds (eagles, owls, robins, etc...) to wild animals (hyenas, boars, squirrels, snakes and bats). Villages and local attractionsThe Village of Balaa بلعا (bordering Laqlouq) is known for its deep natural sink hole. A 300-meter walk brings you to a dizzying open cavern some 250 meters deep. Three natural bridges - of which the middle one is the most spectacular - complete the scene. In the spring, snow melt water forms the scenic 90m high Baatara gorge waterfall. The Nahr-Al-Joze (the Joze being a species of trout that grows in the valley river) serpents through the valley and borders a number of Lebanese Restaurants, and creates a jungle-like ecosystem higher up towards the source. Likewise, the river has formed a number of natural pools of stagnant clear water that can be explored higher up towards the source. Tannourine is well known for its ancient Maronite monasteries; specifically the convents of Saint Shallitah and Saint Antonios Houb, the latter being located in the village of Wata Houb. Also, among the rocky outcrops of Tannourine-Al-Tahta is located an ancient 500-year-old Lebanese house, believed to be one of the earliest examples of Lebanese architecture. That same house was on the cover of a National Geographic report on Lebanon. Until late 2008, the occupant of the house was the oldest living man in Lebanon. Dubbed "Massoud", he was reputed to be 109 years old Churches and MonasteriesIn the late fifth century AD, Tannourine became a refuge for the Maronites fleeing from oppression and persecution. Some of the churches and monasteries include: • Saint Chalitta Church: an archeological site from the Crusader period. • Saint Sarkis Church: a Byzantine archaeological site. It had three markets and the vestibule was paved with mosaic. It was constructed near the new church. Archaeological sitesTannourine hosts a remarkably large number of monuments dating back to the Phoenician, Romanian and Greek eras. In the valley of Tannourine-Al-Tahta lies a nearly-intact Roman aqueduct and a decrepit reservoir and Roman Cistern at its side. It is a testament that the fertility of that valley was being exploited since at least the 1st century AD Higher up in the mountains, in the now abandoned village of Ain-Al-Raha, are found a number of 6th century and Crusader-era churches that many scholars believe to be one of the earliest known proofs of the presence of Christianity in the upper Levant. Indeed, according to the legend, Ain-Al-Raha (literally: source of relief) was during the 11th to 13th century a safe haven for defeated crusaders. Also, above the previously mentioned old Lebanese house is an abandoned monastery sheltered in the hollow cave on the face of the mountain. It is believed that the 16th century remains were constructed in a way that it melded into the mountain to create a "camouflage" of sorts; and indeed unless you intend to search for it, you'd be hard-pressed to locate it immediately. Such caution was employed in order to thwart Ottoman army which wished to seize the Levant, which they eventually succeeded in doing. In Wata Houb there are inscriptions on a rock dating back to the eighth century BC, the statues of a huge man between two smaller ones. In St. Anthony’s monastery in Houb, the remains of a Phoenician temple are preserved. In 1936 the remains of a structure with an elaborate stone sculpture were found and a large font was used to save the blood of the victims. This is all in the middle of a paved opening with stone seats around. It was also found among the rubble, icons inscribed with the name of Alexander the Great and drawings of the god, Jupiter, carrying a lightning symbol in his right hand and a scepter in his left. The other read, "Iskandar, the King and the God and the compassionate father" in addition to the drawings of an eagle and the heads of a man and a woman with the words " the 2 Gods are brothers." There are also writings glorifying the Roman Emperor Hadrian and other writings cautioning from cutting certain types of trees; in addition to pools, restrooms, and forts built to protect convoys from nomadic invasions. In Tannourine, there is today a Roman wall which constructs the boundary between Tannourine and Aqoura. The Romans also built an observatory called Aytamout observatory, which was overlooking the neighboring areas to address those who come to cut the trees. The Greek monuments included icons of the goddess Isis, the goddess and protector of navigation. She has two horns and she is carrying in her hand an Ankh with Greek letters of "Byblos" History of the people of TannourineTannourine was inhabited since the Phoenician and Roman times. However, there is no conclusive evidence that it was a continuous presence or a discontinued one. Nor is there any evidence to prove whether this presence left an impact biologically and genetically on other people who came later to Tannourine. Based on the manuscript of Father Peter Matar, several families lived in Tannourine in the thirteenth century, before the Mamluks attack on Mount Lebanon. The most prominent of these families are Tarabay (Sheiks, مشايخ), Matar, Gush, Shimon, Reaidy, Harik and Sadka. Between 1268 and 1306 the Mamluks attacked Mount Lebanon in a "discipline" campaign in the region. Many of these families dispersed, some of which were killed, and others emigrated and some hid in the many caves in the area of Tannourine. The families that do not disappear from that stage are Tarabay, Gush, Matar and Reaidy, as many of their descendants are still in Tannourine region. Some families currently stationed in Tannourine are from Georges Abi Korkmaz the third, Al Korkmaz main families are: Harb, Youness, Dagher, Yaacoub and Daniel. It is worth mentioning that these families have branched into several families and names which are too many to state.↵For the true origins of the Korkmaz the first, there are many stories. Some historians consider him from Slavic ethnic origins, Albanians or Turkish.↵ At the beginning of the 20th century, many citizens of Tannourine came to Brazil fleeing the war, many were sent to the city of Araçuai - MG, where they received the last name Tanure, Tannure, Tannouri and Tannoury. Government and demographicsThe newly constructed Tannourine Municipality building is located in Tannourine-Al-Fawqa, overlooking the town previously mentioned. A President of the Municipal Council is elected every 6 years along with a "list" of 18 cabinet members who are all subjected to a vote by the residents. It has relative administrative and financial independence but remains under the control, supervision and financing of the central government. Altitude: 1500m Distance from Beirut: 75 km Area: Approximately 100 km2, including the cedars reserve. Notable people
Shakira's paternal grandmother is also from Tannourine, which Shakira visited in 2018. She got a square named Shakira Mebarak, after her, in which a statue of the singer is intended to be added soon.
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.chinci.com/travel/pax/w/266123/Yanta/LB/Lebanon/0/#1%7c5%7ctravel%7cpax%7c5%7c266834%7cTannoûrîne%20el%20Faouqa%7cLB%7cLebanon%7cAsia/Beirut%7cLB.09%7cPPL%7c34.1825000%7c35.9019444%7cLiban-Nord|title=Climate History for Tannourine, Lebanon|accessdate=October 2011}} 2. ^https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/lebanon/sandra-gabrael-197510 External links
2 : Populated places in the North Governorate|Batroun District |
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