| 词条 | Taputapuatea marae |
| 释义 |
| image = File:Taputapu marae Raiatea little man.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = Tiki on the marae at Taputapuatea | location = Taputapuatea, Raiatea, French Polynesia, France | part_of = Taputapuātea | criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(iii)(iv)(vi)}}(iii)(iv)(vi) | ID = 1529 | coordinates = {{coord|16|50|15.0|S|151|21|32.4|W|display=title, inline|format=dms}} | year = 2017 | locmapin = French Polynesia#Oceania | map_caption = }}Marae Taputapuatea is a large marae complex at Opoa in Taputapuatea, on the south eastern coast of Raiatea. The site features a number of marae and other stone structures and was once considered the central temple and religious center of Eastern Polynesia. In 2017 the Taputapuatea area was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list with Taputapuatea marae being described as the heart of the site.[1] HistoryThe sacred area of Cape Matahira-i-te-ra'i is called Te Po, where the gods reside. The original marae was dedicated to Ta'aroa. eventually the worship of %27Oro prevailed, the god of life and death. According to legend, 'Oro's descendant Hiro built the marae, giving it the name Taputaputea, 'Sacrifices from afar'. The drum Ta'imoana was used during human sacrifices. The white rock Te Papatea-o-Ru'ea on the nearby beach was used to invest the chiefs of Ra'iatea with the red feather girdle maro 'ura. The three foot high image of the god was called 'Oro-maro-'ura, 'Oro of the red feather girdle. Taputapuatea became the center of a voyaging network as the cult of 'Oro spread.[2] The Marae was already established by 1000 AD with significant expansion after this time. The marae was a place of learning where priests and navigators from all over the Pacific would gather to offer sacrifices to the gods and share their knowledge of the genealogical origins of the universe, and of deep-ocean navigation. An alliance known as Ti'ahuauatea was established with the surrounding islands demarcating those to the west of Ra'iatea, Te Aotea, and those to the east, Te Aouri. This alliance included the Cook Islands, the Australs, Kapukapuakea in Hawaii, and Taputapuatea in New Zealand. New marae were established on each of these islands with a rock being taken from Taputapuatea, Raiatea, to act as a spiritual link. 'Oro priests from the islands gathered here periodically, participating in human sacrifices to 'Oro.[2] However the alliance was finally broken when fighting broke out at a gathering and the two leading high priests representing the alliance were killed. The people of Ao-tea fled the island, leaving via the reef passage of Te Ava-rua rather than the sacred passage of Te Ava-mo'a, which was considered a bad omen. An attempt was made in 1995 to heal this wrongdoing.[2]{{rp|35}} Around 1763, warriors from Borabora attacked the island, defeating Tupaia, and ransacked the island. This included destroying the god-houses at Taputapuatea, wrecking the platform, and cutting down the sheltering trees.[2]{{rp|36}} James Cook, Joseph Banks, Dr. Daniel Solander and Tupaia arrived aboard the Endeavour on 20 July 1769, to take possession of Raiatea, Taha'a, Huahine and Borabora in the name of King George III of the United Kingdom. This seemed to be the culmination of a prophesy made by the wizard priest Vaita that a new people would arrive aboard a canoe without an outrigger and take possession of the islands.[2]{{rp|209-210}} Research and restorationWhen Te Rangi Hīroa visited Taputapuatea in 1929 he was overcome by the desolate state in which he found this great marae and wrote:
The archaeological remains of Marae Taputapuatea were restored in 1994 and work to preserve the site continues. Association Na Papa E Va'u Raiatea is a cultural association formed by the people of Opoa acting for the preservation of the Marae Taputapuatea.[2]{{rp|31}} Thanks to its work, Marae Taputapuatea is listed on the World Heritage List since July 9, 2017. The association is creating and reviving connections between communities of the Polynesian triangle and throughout the Pacific region. References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1529 |title=Taputapuātea |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=18 July 2017}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last1=Salmond|first1=Anne|title=Aphrodite's Island|date=2010|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=9780520261143|pages=26-27}} 3. ^{{cite book |last=Buck |first=Peter H. |authorlink=Te Rangi Hiroa |year=1938 |title=Vikings of the Sunrise |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Lippincott |pages=81–82}} Further reading
External links
7 : Tahiti and Society Islands mythology|Polynesian culture|Educational institutions established in the 10th century|Archaeological sites in French Polynesia|World Heritage Sites in France|World Heritage Sites in French Polynesia|Places of worship in French Polynesia |
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