请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Tea Party Caucus
释义

  1. History

     Tea Party movement 

  2. Ideology

  3. Funding

  4. List of current members

     House   Former members  Senate   Former members 

  5. Affiliated organizations

  6. See also

  7. Notes

  8. References

  9. External links

{{About|the U.S. Congressional caucus|the movement|Tea Party movement|the protest events themselves|Tea Party protests}}{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2015}}{{Infobox political party
| name = Tea Party Caucus
| logo =
| ideology = {{nowrap|Christian right
Conservatism
National conservatism[1]
Social conservatism
Economic liberalism
Tea Party movement
Right-wing populism}}
| website = {{Official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20141205195335/http://teapartycaucus-bachmann.house.gov/}}
| country = United States
| founder = Michele Bachmann
(MN-6)
| leader1_title = Chairman
| leader1_name = Vacant
| founded = {{start date and age|2010|07|19}}
| position = {{nowrap|Right-wing to Far-right}}[2][3]
| national = Republican Party
| seats1_title = Seats in the Senate
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|13|100|hex=red}}
| seats2_title = Seats in House Republican Caucus
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|23|199|hex=red}}
| seats3_title = Seats in the House
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|23|435|hex=red}}
}}

The Tea Party Caucus (TPC) was a congressional caucus of conservative members of the Republican Party in the United States House of Representatives. The Caucus was founded in July 2010 by Minnesota Congresswoman Michele Bachmann in coordination with the Tea Party movement the year following the movement's 2009 creation. Bachmann served as the Caucus' first chair.[4]

From July 2012 to April 2013 the Tea Party Caucus neither met nor posted news on its webpage, leading observers to describe it as "dead," "inactive," and "defunct."[5][6] In April 2013, Mick Mulvaney of South Carolina filed paperwork to create a new Tea Party Caucus, but found that Bachmann intended to continue the caucus, starting with an event on April 25, 2013.[7] On June 19, 2014, Tea Party Caucus member Steve Scalise of Louisiana was elected as the House Majority Whip.[8] The Caucus was reconstituted in the 114th Congress in January 2015.[9] Rep. Tim Huelskamp of Kansas became the chair in February 2015.[10] Huelskamp lost party primary election in 2016. The Caucus is now largely inactive. Though the primary functions of the Caucus have varied from year to year, its members have promoted budget cuts, including significant cuts in non-defense spending and adherence to the movement's interpretation of the Constitution. The caucus's members have also advocated socially conservative legislation, supported the right to keep and bear arms, and promoted limited government.

The idea of a Tea Party Caucus originated from Rand Paul (KY) when he was campaigning for the U.S. Senate in 2010.[11] The Caucus was approved as an official congressional member organization by the House Administration Committee on July 19, 2010,[12] and held its first meeting and public event, a press conference on the grounds of the U.S. Capitol, on July 21.[13] A similar informal Caucus was formed in the Senate by four Senators on January 27, 2011.[1][14]

Since approximately late 2016, although there was no official announcement, the Tea Party Caucus appears to be defunct, and most of its members are now caucusing with either the Freedom Caucus or the Liberty Caucus.

Although the Tea Party is not a party in the classic sense of the word, research has shown that members of the Tea Party Caucus vote like a third party in Congress.[15]

History

Tea Party movement

{{multiple image
| align = right
| total_width = 345
| direction = horizontal
| header = Chairs of the House Tea Party Caucus
| header_align = left/right/center
| header_background =
| footer =
| footer_align = left/right/center
| footer_background =
| width =
| image1 = Michele Bachmann, smiling.jpg
| width1 = 170
| caption1 = Michele Bachmann
{{small|(2010–2015)}}
| image2 = Tim Huelskamp.jpg
| width2 = 175
| caption2 = Tim Huelskamp
{{small|(2015–2017)}}
}}

The Tea Party Caucus grew out of the Tea Party movement, which was founded in early 2009. On February 19, 2009,[16] in a broadcast from the floor of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, CNBC Business News Network editor Rick Santelli loudly criticized the government plan to refinance mortgages as "promoting bad behavior" by "subsidizing losers' mortgages", and raised the possibility of putting together a "Chicago Tea Party in July".[17][18] A number of the traders and brokers around him cheered on his proposal, to the apparent amusement of the hosts in the studio. It was called "the rant heard round the world".[19] Santelli's remarks "set the fuse to the modern anti-Obama Tea Party movement", according to journalist Lee Fang.[20]

The following day after Santelli's comments from the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, 50 national conservative leaders, including Michael Johns, Amy Kremer and Jenny Beth Martin, participated in a conference call that gave birth to the national Tea Party movement.[21][22] In response to Santelli, websites such as ChicagoTeaParty.com, registered in August 2008 by Chicago radio producer Zack Christenson, were live within twelve hours.[23] About 10 hours after Santelli's remarks, reTeaParty.com was bought to coordinate Tea Parties scheduled for the 4th of July and within two weeks was reported to be receiving 11,000 visitors a day.[23] However, on the contrary, many scholars are reluctant to label Santelli's remarks the "spark" of the Tea Party considering that a "Tea Party" protest had taken place 3 days before in Seattle, Washington[24] In fact, this had led many opponents of the Tea Party to define this movement as "astroturfed," but it seems as if Santelli's comments did not "fall on deaf ears" considering that, "the top 50 counties in foreclosure rates played host to over 910 Tea Party protests, about one-sixth of the total".[24]

An article in Politico stated that many Tea Party activists see the Caucus as an effort by the Republican Party to hijack the movement. Utah congressman Jason Chaffetz refused to join the Caucus, saying "Structure and formality are the exact opposite of what the Tea Party is, and if there is an attempt to put structure and formality around it, or to co-opt it by Washington, D.C., it’s going to take away from the free-flowing nature of the true tea party movement."[25]

In an attempt to quell fears that Washington insiders were attempting to co-opt the Tea Party movement, Michele Bachmann stated "We're not the mouthpiece. We are not taking the Tea Party and controlling it from Washington, D.C. We are also not here to vouch for the Tea Party or to vouch for any Tea Party organizations or to vouch for any individual people or actions, or billboards or signs or anything of the Tea Party. We are the receptacle."[26][27]

Additionally, Senators Ron Johnson of Wisconsin, Pat Toomey of Pennsylvania and Marco Rubio of Florida, all Tea Party supporters, refused to join the caucus.[28][29] Toomey said he would be "open" to joining, and spoke at the first meeting, but did not ultimately join.[30] Johnson said that he declined to join because he wanted to "work towards a unified Republican Conference, so that's where I will put my energy."[31] Rubio criticized the caucus, saying "My fear has always been that if you start creating these little clubs or organizations in Washington run by politicians, the movement starts to lose its energy."[32]

Ideology

The Tea Party Caucus is often viewed as taking conservative positions, and advocating for both social and fiscal conservatism.[33] Analysis of voting patterns confirm that Caucus members are more conservative than other House Republicans, especially on fiscal matters.[33][34] Voting trends to the right of the median Republican, and Tea Party Caucus members represent more conservative, southern and affluent districts.[34][35] Supporters of the Tea Party movement itself are largely economic driven.[36][37][38]

Despite the Caucus members differing degrees of economic and social conservatism, they generally work to promote positions within the House of Representatives that are to the right-of those of the House Republican Conference.[39] Caucus members are an important swing vote on spending bills and as a result have gained influence in Congress out of proportion to their numbers.[40][41] They are frequently sought after to broker compromises amongst the Republican leadership, generally lending a more right-wing character to U.S. politics.[42] Since the advent of the Tea Party Caucus in 2010, party-line voting has increased for both Democrats and Republicans.[43]

Funding

According to the Center for Responsive Politics, the top contributors to the Tea Party Caucus members are health professionals, retirees, the real estate industry and oil and gas interests. The Center said the contributions to Caucus members from these groups, plus those from Republican and conservative groups, are on average higher than those of House members in general and also those of other Republicans. The average Tea Party Caucus member received more than $25,000 from the oil and gas industry, compared to about $13,000 for the average House member and $21,500 for the average House Republican.[44]

List of current members

{{update|section|reason=Is this Caucus still in existence, and if so, who are its members in the 114th Congress?|date=March 2015}}

House

The Caucus chair was Michele Bachmann of Minnesota between 2010 and her retirement in 2015. Tim Huelskamp was elected as the Caucus' second chair in January 2015, but was defeated in the 2016 Republican primary by Roger Marshall.[9] Of a possible 435 Representatives, as of January 6, 2013, the committee had 48 members, all Republicans.[45] At its height, the Caucus had 60 members in 2011.

Several members of the Tea Party Caucus were part of the Republican leadership. Tom Price served as chairman of the Republican Policy Committee, making him the seventh ranking Republican in the House, John R. Carter was the Secretary of the House Republican Conference, ranking him the ninth ranking Republican, and Pete Sessions was the number six Republican as the chairman of the National Republican Congressional Committee. Other former members of the Tea Party Caucus held committee chairmanships such as Lamar S. Smith, chairman of the House Judiciary Committee.

Arizona
  • David Schweikert[46]
California
  • Tom McClintock
Colorado
  • Doug Lamborn
Florida
  • Gus Bilirakis
  • Ander Crenshaw
Iowa
  • Steve King
Indiana
  • Marlin Stutzman[47]
Louisiana
  • Steve Scalise
Michigan
  • Tim Walberg
Mississippi
  • Steven Palazzo
Missouri
  • Vicky Hartzler
  • Blaine Luetkemeyer
Nebraska
  • Adrian Smith
  • Joe Wilson
South Carolina
  • Jeff Duncan
Tennessee
  • Stephen Fincher
  • Phil Roe
Texas
  • Michael C. Burgess
  • John Carter
  • Louie Gohmert
  • Kenny Marchant
Utah
  • Rob Bishop
West Virginia
  • David McKinley
{{div col end}}

Former members

  • Michele Bachmann, Minnesota (ran unsuccessfully for Republican nomination during 2012 presidential election)
  • Joe Barton, Texas (retired in 2018)
  • Diane Black, Tennessee (ran for Governor in 2018, lost in primary)
  • Paul Broun, Georgia (ran for U.S. Senate in 2014, lost in primary)
  • Bill Cassidy, Louisiana (ran for U.S. Senate in 2014, won in runoff)
  • Howard Coble, North Carolina
  • Mike Coffman, Colorado
  • John Culberson, Texas
  • Blake Farenthold, Texas (resigned in 2018)
  • John Fleming, Louisiana (ran for U.S. Senate in 2016, lost in jungle primary)
  • Phil Gingrey, Georgia (ran for U.S. Senate in 2014, lost in primary)
  • Tim Huelskamp, Kansas (lost 2016 Republican primary to Roger Marshall)
  • Lynn Jenkins, Kansas (retired in 2018)
  • Gary Miller, California
  • Randy Neugebauer, Texas (retired in 2016)
  • Steve Pearce, New Mexico
  • Ted Poe, Texas (retired in 2018)
  • Dennis A. Ross, Florida (retired)
  • Pete Sessions, Texas
  • Lamar S. Smith, Texas (retired in 2018)
  • Ed Royce, California (retired in 2018)
  • Tom Price, Georgia (nominated and confirmed in 2017 as Secretary of Health and Human Services)
  • Mick Mulvaney South Carolina (Director of Office of Management & Budget (OMB), confirmed February 16, 2017.)
  • Lynn Westmoreland, Georgia (retired in 2016)

Senate

The Senate has an informal Tea Party Caucus,[14] founded in 2011.[48][49]

{{div col||colwidth=30em}}Florida
  • Marco Rubio[50]
Idaho
  • Jim Risch[50]
Kansas
  • Jerry Moran
Kentucky
  • Mitch McConnell[50]
  • Rand Paul[1]
Missouri
  • Roy Blunt[50]
Pennsylvania
  • Pat Toomey[47]
South Carolina
  • Tim Scott[51]
Texas
  • John Cornyn[50]
  • Ted Cruz
Utah
  • Mike Lee[1]
Wisconsin
  • Ron Johnson[46]
Wyoming
  • Mike Enzi[50]
{{div col end}}

Former members

  • Jim DeMint (resigned from the Senate)
  • Jeff Sessions (appointed as Attorney General of the United States)[50]

Affiliated organizations

  • Americans for Prosperity[69]
  • Americans for Tax Reform[52]
  • Campaign for Liberty[47]
  • FreedomWorks[53]
  • National Taxpayers Union[50]
  • Republican Jewish Coalition[50]
  • Republican Liberty Caucus[53]
  • Tea Party Express[53]
  • TheTeaParty.net[50]
  • U.S. Chamber of Commerce[54]
  • Virginia Federation of Tea Party Patriots[55]
  • Young Americans for Liberty[47]
  • 60 Plus Association[50]

See also

  • Freedom Caucus
  • House Republican Conference
  • Libertarian Republican
  • Libertarian conservatism
  • Liberty Caucus
  • Republican Study Committee
  • Republican Main Street Partnership

Notes

1. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|date=January 27, 2011|title=Senate Tea Party Caucus Holds First Meeting|work=New York Times|first=David M. |last=Herszenhorn|url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/27/senate-tea-party-caucus-holds-first-meeting/}}
2. ^{{cite book|last1=DiMaggio|first1=Anthony|title=The Rise of the Tea Party|date=November 1, 2012|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=9781583673065|page=57|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfzFF5TT0tUC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=Tea+Party+Caucus+far-right&source=bl&ots=44vbVjmNaz&sig=HpPmLYHt1KIrZxgoxWgQf89zwjQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiQiKrxtPHWAhVJwiYKHf0JD4g4MhDoAQg5MAM#v=onepage&q=Tea%20Party%20Caucus%20far-right&f=false}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Tea Party goes cold as US voters reject the far right|url=https://theconversation.com/tea-party-goes-cold-as-us-voters-reject-the-far-right-10621|publisher=The Conversation|accessdate=15 October 2017|date=November 8, 2012}}
4. ^{{cite news|last=Sherman|first=Jake|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0710/39848.html|title=Bachmann forms Tea Party Caucus|publisher=Politico|date=July 16, 2010|accessdate=August 4, 2010}}
5. ^{{cite news|last=Weigel|first=Dave|title=The Tea Party Caucus is Dead and That's OK|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/weigel/2013/03/20/the_tea_party_caucus_is_dead_and_that_s_okay.html|accessdate=April 25, 2013|newspaper=Slate|date=March 20, 2013}}
6. ^{{cite news|last=Newhauser|first=Daniel|title=What Happened to the Tea Party Caucus?|url=http://www.rollcall.com/news/what_happened_to_the_tea_party_caucus-223309-1.html|accessdate=April 25, 2013|newspaper=Roll Call|date=March 20, 2013}}
7. ^{{cite news|last=Strong|first=Jonathan|title=Tea Party Caucus to Relaunch With Event Thursday|url=http://blogs.rollcall.com/goppers/house-tea-party-caucus-to-meet-thursday/|accessdate=August 19, 2014|newspaper=The Hill|date=April 24, 2013}}
8. ^{{cite web|author=Melissa Quinn / @MelissaQuinn97 / June 19, 2014 / |url=http://dailysignal.com/2014/06/19/house-republicans-choose-kevin-mccarthy-majority-leader/ |title=House Republicans Elect McCarthy as Majority Leader |publisher=Dailysignal.com |date=June 19, 2014 |accessdate=August 10, 2014}}
9. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2015-01-14/michele-bachmann-is-gone-but-the-tea-party-caucus-lives-on|title=Michele Bachmann is Gone, But the Tea Party Caucus Lives On|publisher=Bloomberg|date=January 14, 2015|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=http://blogs.rollcall.com/218/new-tea-party-caucus-chairman-dhs-fight-could-break-the-gop/|title=New Tea Party Caucus Chairman|publisher=Roll Call|date=February 26, 2015|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web|last=Pappas|first=Alex|url=http://dailycaller.com/2010/07/22/congressional-tea-party-caucus-receives-mixed-reviews-from-tea-party-activists/|title=Congressional Tea Party Caucus receives mixed reviews from Tea Party activists|publisher=The Daily Caller|date=July 22, 2010|accessdate=August 4, 2010}}
12. ^{{cite news|last=Condon|first=Stephanie|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20010958-503544.html|title=Bachmann's Tea Party Caucus Approved|publisher=CBS News|date=July 19, 2010|accessdate=August 4, 2010}}
13. ^{{cite web|last=Zdechlik|first=Mark|url=http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2010/07/21/bachmann-tea-party-caucus/|title=Bachmann gathers Tea Party Caucus for first time|publisher=Minnesota Public Radio|date=July 21, 2010|accessdate=August 4, 2010}}
14. ^1 In the Senate, there is only one officially recognized caucus: the Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control, as established by law in 1985. Unlike House caucuses, Senate groups receive neither official recognition nor funding from the chamber.
15. ^{{cite journal|last=Ragusa|first=Jordan|last2=Gaspar |first2=Anthony|date=2016|title=Where’s the Tea Party? An Examination of the Tea Party’s Voting Behavior in the House of Representatives|url=http://prq.sagepub.com/content/69/2/361.abstract|journal=Political Research Quarterly |volume=69|issue=2|pages=361-372}}
16. ^{{cite news |title=The Movement: The Rise of Tea Party Activism |first=Ben |last= McGrath |magazine=The New Yorker |date=February 1, 2010 |accessdate=March 30, 2010 |url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/02/01/100201fa_fact_mcgrath?currentPage=all}}
17. ^[https://www.cnbc.com/id/29471026 Rick Santelli: I Want to Set the Record Straight].CNBC. March 2, 2009
18. ^{{cite news |date=February 23, 2009 |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/chi-santelli-cnbc-video,0,4962596.htmlstory |title=CNBC: Rick Santelli goes off |work=Chicago Tribune |accessdate=March 2, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316153711/http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/chi-santelli-cnbc-video,0,4962596.htmlstory |archivedate=March 16, 2009 |df=mdy-all }}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29306760 |title=Answer Desk: Housing relief backlash – Answer Desk |publisher=MSNBC |date=February 23, 2009 |accessdate=April 27, 2010}}
20. ^{{Cite book|title=The Machine: A Field Guide to the Resurgent Right |last=Fang |first=Lee |page=27 |date=2013 |isbn=978-1-59558-639-1 |publisher=The New Press}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usmoneytalk.com/finance/tea-party-palins-pet-or-is-there-more-to-it-underneath-910/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415112820/http://www.usmoneytalk.com/finance/tea-party-palins-pet-or-is-there-more-to-it-underneath-910/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=April 15, 2014|title=Tea Party: Palin's Pet, Or Is There More To It Underneath|date=April 15, 2014|publisher=|accessdate=November 11, 2016}}
22. ^"The founding Mothers and Fathers of the Tea Party movement," by Michael Patrick Leahy, retrieved September 29, 2016.
23. ^1 A Growing "Tea Party" Movement?, Jonathan V. Last, Weekly Standard, March 4, 2009
24. ^1 Tam Cho, Wendy K., James G. Gimpel, and Daron R. Shaw. "The Tea Party Movement and the Geography of Collective Action." Quarterly Journal of Political Science 7.2 (2012): 105–33.
25. ^{{cite news|last=Vogel|first=Kenneth P.|title=Tea party vs. Tea Party Caucus|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0810/40528.html|accessdate=September 13, 2010|newspaper=Politico|date=August 2, 2010}}
26. ^{{cite news|title=Tea Party Caucus Tackles Racism Charge|author=Janie Lorber|url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/21/tea-party-caucus-tackles-racism-charge/|publisher=NY Times|date=July 21, 2010}}
27. ^{{cite news|last=Lorber|first=Janie|title=Republicans Form Caucus for Tea Party in the House|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/22/us/politics/22tea.html|accessdate=September 13, 2010|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 21, 2010}}
28. ^{{cite news|title=Senate Tea Party Caucus holds first meeting without some who had embraced banner |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/27/AR2011012706966.html|accessdate=February 21, 2011|newspaper=Washington Post|date=January 28, 2011|first=Philip|last=Rucker}}
29. ^{{cite news|title=Why senators are avoiding the Tea Party Caucus |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Elections/Tea-Party-Tally/2011/0128/Why-senators-are-avoiding-the-Tea-Party-Caucus|accessdate=February 21, 2011|newspaper=Christian Science Monitor|date=January 28, 2011}}
30. ^{{cite news|title=Pat Toomey Supports Tea Party Caucus but won't Join it |url=http://nothingtonpost.blogspot.com/2011/01/pat-toomey-supports-but-wont-join-tea.html|accessdate=February 21, 2011|newspaper=Nothington Post|date=January 31, 2011}}
31. ^{{cite news|title=Ron Johnson: of the Tea Party, but not the Tea Party Caucus |url=http://www.jsonline.com/blogs/news/114766299.html|accessdate=February 21, 2011|newspaper=JS Online|date=January 28, 2011}}
32. ^{{cite news|title=Marco Rubio Shows Little Love For Tea Party Caucus (AUDIO)|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/07/marco-rubio-tea-party-caucus_n_819800.html|accessdate=February 21, 2011|newspaper=Huffington Post|date=February 7, 2011|first=Elyse|last=Siegel}}
33. ^1 {{cite book |last=Skocpol |first=Theda |last2=Williamson |first2=Vanessa |date=2012 |title=The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=272 |isbn=9780199975549}}
34. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Gervais |first = Bryan |last2=Morris |first2=Irwin |date=2012 |title = Reading the Tea Leaves: Understanding Tea Party Caucus Membership in the U.S. House of Representatives |journal=Political Science & Politics |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=6}}
35. ^{{cite thesis |last=Phillips |first=Stephen |type=Ph.D. |date=2014 |title=Tea Time: A Comparative Analysis of the Tea Party Caucus and House Republican Conference in the One Hundred Twelfth Congress |pages=77}}
36. ^{{cite journal |last=Cho |first=Wendy |last2=Gimpel |first2=James |last3=Shaw |first3=Daron |date=2012 |title=The Tea Party Movement and the Geography of Collective Action |journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=29}}
37. ^{{cite journal |last=Aldrich |first=John |last2=Bishop |first2=Bradford |last3=Hatch |first3=Rebecca |last4=Hillygus |first4=D. Sunshine |last5=Rohde |first5=David |date=2014 |title=Blame, Responsibility, and the Tea Party in the 2010 Midterm Elections |journal=Political Behavior |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=21}}
38. ^{{cite book |last=Parker |first=Christopher |last2=Barreto |first2=Matt |date=2014 |title=Change They Can't Believe In: The Tea Party and Reactionary Politics in America |publisher=Princeton University Press |page=400 |isbn=9780691163611}}
39. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/27/politics/tea-party-greatest-hits/|title=5 years later, here's how the tea party changed politics|publisher=CNN|date=February 28, 2014|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}
40. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/susan-milligan/2013/10/21/john-boehner-was-right-to-end-the-government-shutdown-without-the-tea-party|title=History Will Be Kind to John Boehner|work=U.S. News and World Report|date=October 21, 2013|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}
41. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/tea-party-debate-government-shutdown-house-republicans-100181.html|title=Tea partiers debate new shutdown|publisher=Politico|date=November 20, 2013|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}
42. ^{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/opinion/juan-williams/236522-juan-williams-tea-party-could-burn-its-own-base-on-medicare|title=Juan Williams: Tea Party could burn its own base on Medicare|work=The Hill|date=March 23, 2015|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}
43. ^{{cite thesis |last=DeMont |first=Nicole |type=Ph.D. |date=2014 |title=Don’t Tread on Me: Analyzing the Effects of the Tea Party on Voting Patterns of House Democrats |pages=32}}
44. ^{{cite web|last=Drake|first=Bruce|url=http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/08/01/the-new-house-tea-party-caucus-where-its-members-get-campaign-c/|title=The New House Tea Party Caucus: Where Its Members Get Campaign Cash|publisher=Politics Daily|date=August 1, 2010|accessdate=August 5, 2010}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://teapartycaucus-bachmann.house.gov/membership |title=Members of the Tea Party Caucus |publisher=Bachmann.house.gov |date= |accessdate=January 4, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212040121/https://teapartycaucus-bachmann.house.gov/membership |archivedate=December 12, 2012 }}
46. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2013/04/the-tea-party-caucus-returns-90664_Page2.html |title=The Tea Party Caucus returns – Tarini Parti |publisher=Politico.Com |date=April 25, 2013 |accessdate=August 10, 2014}}
47. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last=Kristian |first=Bonnie |url=http://www.yaliberty.org/posts/first-ever-senate-tea-party-caucus-convenes-today-yals-jeff-frazee-to-speak |title=First-Ever Senate Tea Party Caucus Convenes TODAY; YAL's Jeff Frazee to Speak | Young Americans for Liberty |publisher=Yaliberty.org |date= |accessdate=August 10, 2014}}
48. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/16/tea-party-caucus-takes-sh_n_809758.html |title=Tea Party Caucus Takes Shape In Senate |work=The Huffington Post |date=January 16, 2011 |accessdate=July 22, 2015}}
49. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/27/AR2011012706966.html |title=Senate Tea Party Caucus holds first meeting without some who had embraced banner |work=Washington Post |date=January 28, 2011 |accessdate=July 22, 2015}}
50. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web|url=http://www.teapartyexpress.org/6911/senate-tea-party-caucus-brings-conservatives-together-to-defund-obamacare |title=Senate Tea Party Caucus Brings Conservatives Together to Defund Obamacare |publisher=Tea Party Express |date= |accessdate=August 10, 2014}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.teapartyexpress.org/6911/senate-tea-party-caucus-brings-conservatives-together-to-defund-obamacare |title=TSenate Tea Party Caucus Brings Conservatives Together to Defund Obamacare |publisher=Tea Party Express |date=July 30, 2013 |accessdate=July 22, 2015}}
52. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.atr.org/u-s-senate-tea-party-caucus-a5800 |title=U.S. Senate Tea Party Caucus | Americans for Tax Reform |publisher=Atr.org |date=January 27, 2011 |accessdate=August 10, 2014}}
53. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/01/28/133293535/Senate-Tea-Party-Caucus-Holds-First-Meeting |title=Activists Invited To First Senate Tea Party Caucus |publisher=NPR |date=January 28, 2011 |accessdate=August 10, 2014}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2013/04/the-tea-party-caucus-returns-90664.html |title=The Tea Party Caucus returns – Tarini Parti |publisher=Politico.Com |date=April 25, 2013 |accessdate=August 10, 2014}}
55. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://irehr.org/issue-areas/tea-party-nationalism/tea-party-news-and-analysis/item/355-mapping-the-tea-party-caucus-in-the-112th-congress |title=Mapping the Tea Party Caucus in the 112th Congress |publisher=Irehr.org |date= |accessdate=August 10, 2014}}

References

{{reflist|30em}}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20141205195335/http://teapartycaucus-bachmann.house.gov/ Official Website] (archived by Internet Archive Wayback Machine on December 5, 2014)
{{Political factions in the U.S. Congress}}{{Tea Party movement}}{{USCongress}}

11 : Political organizations in the United States|Political party factions in the United States|Ideological caucuses of the United States Congress|Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party (United States) organizations|Tea Party movement|2010 in American politics|2011 in American politics|Right-wing populism in the United States|Far-right politics in the United States|2010 establishments in the United States
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/22 9:53:11