“Temple of Reason”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Temple of Reason

释义

Services
Churches transformed into Temples of Reason
References

A Temple of Reason (French: Temple de la Raison) was, during the French Revolution, a temple for a new belief system created to replace Christianity: the Cult of Reason, which was based on the ideals of reason, virtue, and liberty. This "religion" was supposed to be universal and to spread the ideas of the revolution, summarized in its "Liberté, égalité, fraternité" motto, which was also inscribed on the Temples. Within the Temple of Reason, "atheism was enthroned".^[1]^[2] English theologian Thomas Hartwell Horne and biblical scholar Samuel Davidson write that "churches were converted into 'temples of reason,' in which atheistical and licentious homilies were substituted for the proscribed service".^[3]

Services

The symbols of Christianity were covered up and they were replaced by the symbols of the Cult of Reason. In the Churches of Reason, there were specially created services that were meant to replace the Christian liturgy.^[4]

For instance, at the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris, on November 10, 1793, a special ritual was held for the "Feast of Reason": the nave had an improvised mountain on which stood a Greek temple dedicated to Philosophy and decorated with busts of philosophers. At the base of the mountain was located an altar dedicated to Reason, in front of which was located a torch of Truth. The ceremony included the crowd paying homage to an actress dressed in blue, white, red (the colours of the Republic), personifying the Goddess of Liberty.^[4]

Churches transformed into Temples of Reason

After Catholicism was banned in 1792, many of its churches were turned into Temples of Reason, including:

the Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral (November 10, 1793)
the Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres,
Église Saint-Sulpice, Paris
Église Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis
the basilique Saint-Denis,
the church of Les Invalides,
the church of Thomas d'Aquino,
the Panthéon de Paris,
the church Saint Pierre from Montmartre,
the Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Reims,
the Cathédrale Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul de Troyes,
the Notre Dame de Versailles Church,
Église Saint-Pierre de Caen,
and many others

References

1. ^{{cite book|title=The Literary Emporium|year=1846|publisher=J.K. Wellman|page=57|quote=The name of the cathedral was thenceforth the Temple of Reason. Atheism was enthroned.}}
2. ^{{cite book|title=Wellman's Miscellany|year=1870|publisher=J. K. Wellman|page=137|quote=The name of the cathedral was thenceforth the Temple of Reason. Atheism was enthroned.}}
3. ^{{cite book|last1=Horne|first1=Thomas Hartwell|last2=Davidson|first2=Samuel|title=An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures|date=21 November 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|language=English |isbn=978-1-108-06772-0|page=30}}
4. ^¹James A. Herrick, The Making of the New Spirituality, InterVarsity Press, 2004 {{ISBN|0-8308-3279-3}}, p. 75-76

3 : Religion and the French Revolution|French Revolution|Atheism in France

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