“Misuse of Drugs Act (Singapore)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Misuse of Drugs Act is a drug control law in Singapore classifying substances into three categories, Classes A, B, and C. Section 44 provides that "The Minister may, by an order published in the Gazette" add, remove, or transfer drugs among the classes. The statute's penal provisions are severe by most nations' standards, providing for long terms of imprisonment, caning, and capital punishment. The law creates a presumption of trafficking for certain threshold amounts, e.g. 30 grams of cannabis. It also creates a presumption that a person possesses drugs if he possesses the keys to a premises containing the drugs, and that "Any person found in or escaping from any place or premises which is proved or presumed to be used for the purpose of smoking or administering a controlled drug shall, until the contrary is proved, be presumed to have been smoking or administering a controlled drug in that place or premises." Thus, one runs the risk of arrest for drug use by simply being in the company of drug users. The law also allows officers to search premises and individuals, without a search warrant, if he "reasonably suspects that there is to be found a controlled drug or article liable to seizure". Moreover, Section 31 allows officers to demand urinalysis of suspected drug offenders.

Thresholds

Section 17 of the Misuse of Drugs Act^[1] lists the amount of controlled drugs beyond which, the person who carries them shall be presumed to possess them for the purpose of drug trafficking unless proven otherwise:

Controlled Drug

Presumed trafficking

Mandatory death penalty ^[2]

opium^[3]

100|g}}

1200|g}}

morphine^[4]

3|g}}

30|g}}

diamorphine (heroin)

2|g}}

15|g}}^[5]

cannabis^[6]

15|g}}

500|g}}

cannabis mixture

30|g}}

500|g}}

cannabis resin

15|g}}

100|g}}

cocaine

3|g}}

30|g}}^[7]

hashish

10|g}}

200|g}}

methamphetamine

25|g}}

250|g}}^[8]

{{convert|10|g}} of any or any combination of the following:

N, α-dimethyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine (MDMA)
α-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine (MDA)
N-ethyl-α-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine (MDEA)

The possession, consumption, manufacturing, import, export, or trafficking of these and other controlled drugs in any amount are illegal. Persons caught with less than the Mandatory Death Penalty amounts of these controlled substances face penalties ranging from caning^[9] (up to 24 strokes) to life in prison. Pursuant to a law change in 2009, cannabis (marijuana) and marijuana mixtures (diluted with other substances) are treated the same under Singapore law—the presumed intent is trafficking.

Schedule I – Controlled Drugs

Class A – Part I

Schedule II – Controlled Drugs

Class B – Part II

Class C – Part III

Part IV

Schedule III

Controlled equipment, materials or substances useful for manufacturing controlled drugs

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book|title=Misuse of Drugs Act (CHAPTER 185)|page=PART III EVIDENCE, ENFORCEMENT AND PUNISHMENT|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015714/http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;page=0;query=Id%3A%223f9aff0b-a3bd-41da-be16-66daab867d04%22%20Status%3Apublished%20%20TransactionTime%3A20151123000000;rec=0|accessdate=1 April 2019}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://goseasia.about.com/od/singapore/a/Singapore-Drug-Laws.htm |title=GeoAsia Tourist information – MDP Singapore drug laws |publisher=Goseasia.about.com |date=23 September 1994 |accessdate=17 October 2013}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=HISTORY OF DRUG ABUSE & SANA|url=http://www.sana.org.sg/about-us/history/|publisher=The Singapore Anti-Narcotics Association (SANA)|accessdate=1 December 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208110928/http://www.sana.org.sg/about-us/history/|archivedate=8 December 2015|df=dmy-all}}
4. ^{{cite news|title=I had a morphine jab|url=http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/independence/lifeline/harmon3.html|accessdate=1 December 2015|publisher=Singapore Press Holdings|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060305/http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/independence/lifeline/harmon3.html|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}
5. ^{{cite journal|title=The "14.99g" charge|journal=Death Penalty in Singapore|url=http://sgdeathpenalty.blogspot.sg/p/1499g-charge.html|accessdate=1 December 2015}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Drugs and Inhalants|url=http://www.cnb.gov.sg/drugs/bannedsubstance/cannabis.aspx|publisher=Central Narcotics Bureau|accessdate=1 December 2015}}
7. ^{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Melanie|title=FEATURE-Party drugs a hit with wealthy in Singapore|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2007/12/10/idUSSIN135004|accessdate=1 December 2015|agency=Reuters}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Drugs and Inhalants|url=http://www.cnb.gov.sg/drugs/bannedsubstance/methamphetamine.aspx|publisher=Central Narcotics Bureau|accessdate=1 December 2015}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Drug Laws|url=http://www.sana.org.sg/druglaw.shtml|publisher=SINGAPORE ANTI-NARCOTICS ASSOCIATION|accessdate=2 February 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726093136/http://www.sana.org.sg/druglaw.shtml|archivedate=26 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}