| 词条 | Mitchell Feigenbaum |
| 释义 |
| name = Mitchell J. Feigenbaum | image = Mitchell J Feigenbaum - Niels Bohr Institute 2006.jpg | image_size = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = Mitchell Feigenbaum in 2006 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1944|12|19|mf=yes}} | birth_place = New York City, United States | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = American | fields = Mathematical physics | workplaces = Rockefeller University | alma_mater = City College of New York Massachusetts Institute of Technology | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = Francis E. Low | doctoral_students = | known_for = Feigenbaum constants | awards = Wolf Prize {{small|(1986)}} Heineman Prize {{small|(2008)}} }} Mitchell Jay Feigenbaum (born December 19, 1944) is a mathematical physicist whose pioneering studies in chaos theory led to the discovery of the Feigenbaum constants. BiographyFeigenbaum was born in New York City,[1] to Polish and Ukrainian Jewish immigrants. He attended Samuel J. Tilden High School, in Brooklyn, New York, and the City College of New York. In 1964 he began his graduate studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Enrolling for graduate study in electrical engineering, he changed his area to physics. He completed his doctorate in 1970 for a thesis on dispersion relations, under the supervision of Professor Francis E. Low.[2] After short positions at Cornell University (1970–1972) and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1972–1974), he was offered a longer-term post at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico to study turbulence in fluids. Although that group of researchers was ultimately unable to unravel the currently intractable theory of turbulent fluids, his research led him to study chaotic maps.[2] In 1983, he was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship, and in 1986, he was awarded the Wolf Prize in Physics "for his pioneering theoretical studies demonstrating the universal character of non-linear systems, which has made possible the systematic study of chaos". He is a member of the Board of Scientific Governors at The Scripps Research Institute. He has been Toyota Professor at Rockefeller University since 1986.[2] WorkSome mathematical mappings involving a single linear parameter exhibit the apparently random behavior known as chaos when the parameter lies within certain ranges. As the parameter is increased towards this region, the mapping undergoes bifurcations at precise values of the parameter. At first there is one stable point, then bifurcating to an oscillation between two values, then bifurcating again to oscillate between four values and so on. In 1975, Dr. Feigenbaum, using the small HP-65 calculator he had been issued, discovered that the ratio of the difference between the values at which such successive period-doubling bifurcations occur tends to a constant of around 4.6692... He was able to provide a mathematical proof of that fact, and he then showed that the same behavior, with the same mathematical constant, would occur within a wide class of mathematical functions, prior to the onset of chaos. For the first time, this universal result enabled mathematicians to take their first steps to unraveling the apparently intractable "random" behavior of chaotic systems. This "ratio of convergence" is now known as the first Feigenbaum constant.[2] The logistic map is a prominent example of the mappings that Feigenbaum studied in his noted 1978 article: Quantitative Universality for a Class of Nonlinear Transformations.[3] Feigenbaum's other contributions include important new fractal methods in cartography, starting when he was hired by Hammond to develop techniques to allow computers to assist in drawing maps. The introduction to the Hammond Atlas (1992) states:
In another practical application of his work, he founded Numerix with Michael Goodkin in 1996. The company’s initial product was a software algorithm that dramatically reduced the time required for Monte Carlo pricing of exotic financial derivatives and structured products. Numerix remains one of the leading software providers to financial market participants.[5] The press release made on the occasion of his receiving the Wolf Prize summed up his works:
In popular cultureFeigenbaum was referenced on the Season 5, Episode 15 ("A Hole in the World") of the TV series Angel. While suffering a deadly illness, the character Winnifred "Fred" Burkle—a major protagonist, who is a physicist—exchanges the following dialogue: FRED: (sits up, anxiously) Feigenbaum. WESLEY: (stands) What? FRED: (panicked) I—I have to find him. He's the master of— I have to have Feigenbaum here. WESLEY: Who is Feigenbaum? FRED: (stops, cries) I don't remember. [6]See also
References1. ^http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Extras/Mitchell_Feigenbaum.html 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Mathematicians/Feigenbaum.html|title=Mitchell Jay Feigenbaum|publisher=University of St Andrews}} 3. ^{{cite journal|title=Quantitative Universality for a Class of Non-Linear Transformations|author=Feigenbaum, M. J.|journal=J. Stat. Phys.|volume=19|issue=1|pages=25–52|year=1978|bibcode = 1978JSP....19...25F |doi = 10.1007/BF01020332 |citeseerx=10.1.1.418.9339}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=Hammond World Atlas|year=1992|isbn=978-0-8437-1604-7|publisher=Hammond Inc.}} 5. ^Numerix Website 6. ^http://www.buffyworld.com/angel/transcripts/103_tran.html External links{{commons category|Mitchell Feigenbaum}}
20 : 1944 births|Living people|20th-century American mathematicians|21st-century American mathematicians|American people of Polish-Jewish descent|American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent|21st-century American physicists|Chaos theorists|City College of New York alumni|Jewish American scientists|Jewish physicists|MacArthur Fellows|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Scripps Research Institute|Wolf Prize in Physics laureates|Mathematical physicists|Los Alamos National Laboratory personnel|Samuel J. Tilden High School alumni|Mathematicians from New York (state)|Cornell University faculty |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。