| 词条 | Mitre Peak (New Zealand) |
| 释义 |
| name = Mitre Peak | photo = Milford Sound, 2016-01-31, Mitre Peak from the port.jpg | photo_caption = Mitre Peak, Milford Sound | elevation_m = 1,683 | elevation_ref =[1] | prominence = | parent_peak = Aoraki / Mount Cook | map = New Zealand | map_caption = | label_position = right | listing = | location = South Island, New Zealand | range = | coordinates = {{coord|44|37|57|S|167|51|22|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref =[1] | topo = | age = | first_ascent = | easiest_route = }} Mitre Peak (Māori Rahotu) is an iconic mountain in the South Island of New Zealand, located on the shore of Milford Sound. It is one of the most photographed peaks in the country. EtymologyThe distinctive shape of the peak in southern New Zealand gives the mountain its name, after the mitre headwear of Christian bishops. It was named by Captain John Lort Stokes of the HMS Acheron.[2] The Māori name for the peak is Rahotu.[4] GeographyPart of the reason for its iconic status is its location. Close to the shore of Milford Sound, in the Fiordland National Park in the southwestern South Island, it is a stunning sight.[3] The mountain rises near vertically to {{convert|5560|ft}}, i.e. just over a mile, from the water of Milford Sound, which technically is a fjord. The peak is actually a closely grouped set of five peaks, with Mitre Peak not even the tallest one, however from most easily accessible viewpoints, Mitre Peak appears as a single point.[3] Milford Sound is part of Te Wahipounamu, a World Heritage Site as declared by UNESCO.[4] The only road access to Milford Sound is via State Highway 94, in itself one of the most scenic roads in New Zealand.[5] ClimbingMitre Peak is difficult to climb and not many people do so.[6] The first attempt was made by Invercargill artist Samuel Mereton and Donald Sutherland. They took a boat to Sinbad Bay on 6 February 1883 camped at the head of the valley. The next day with little equipment, no coats and one biscuit each they climbed to the crest of the Mitre Range, from where they could see Mitre Peak over 3 km away to the east. With it being too late in the day to descend, they were forced to sleep where they were overnight, before the next day abandoning the attempt to avoid an approaching storm. After a difficult descent they were forced to sit out two more days in bad weather at the head of Sinbad Gully before rowing back across Milford Sound to the hotel operated by Sunderland's wife.[7][8] In 1911 James Robert Dennistoun walked in to Milford Sound from Lake Te Anau over Mackinnon Pass, and inquired among the track porters in the hope of finding someone to climb the peak with him. None of the porters had any climbing experience, but one of them, Joe Beaglehole (1875–1962), had read Scrambles among the Alps by noted climber Edward Whymper and was thus chosen by Dennistoun to accompany him.[7] During a sea voyage in the area with brother George in HMS Pioneer in 1909 Dennistoun had identified what he thought was a possible route but as he wasn't able to reconnoitre it he instead decided to take a route recommended by Donald Sutherland. After rowing across in a boat to the mouth of Sinbad Gully at the base of the peak they starting climbing at 7.30am on 13 March 1911.[9] Dennistoun and Beaglehole climbed via the south east-ridge through the bush until 300 metres short of the summit Beaglehole decided it was too difficult to continue and stopped. Dennistoun continued on alone up steep, smooth slabs of granite, to reach the summit at 1.15pm.[10] Descending back down Dennistoun rejoined Beaglehole and they continued with the descent. Unfortunately to avoid climbing back over the Footstool, they decided to descend straight into Sinbad Gully, which meant they had to resort to using a rope to lower themselves down bluffs. They eventually reached the valley floor in darkness, and it soon commenced to rain.[7] With no camping equipment, they had no choice but to continue on until they reached the boat at 9.45pm, cold, wet and exhausted.[10] They then rowed back across to spend the night at the hotel operated by Elizabeth Sunderland.[10] Dennistoun's claim to have reached the top was disputed by Donald Sutherland who had bluntly claimed that Mitre Peak could not be climbed. In 1914 Dennistoun's handkerchief was found in a small cairn on the top of the peak by Jack Murrell (1886–1918) and Edger Williams (1891–1983) when they completed the second ascent of the peak.[11] When J.H. Christie and G. Raymond completed the third ascent in 1941 they found remains of the handkerchief, as well as two halfpennies left by Murrell and Williams.[10] Climbing routesThere are six routes up to Mitre Peak, and most climbers start by getting a boat to Sinbad Bay.[6][12] See also
Notes{{Commons category-inline|Mitre Peak, New Zealand|Mitre Peak}}1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Mitre Peak, Southland – NZ Topo Map|url=http://www.topomap.co.nz/NZTopoMap/nz14870/Mitre-Peak/Southland|website=NZ Topo Map|publisher=Land Information New Zealand|accessdate=4 September 2017}} 2. ^{{cite book | title=Place Names of New Zealand | publisher=Raupo | last=Reed | first=A. W. | editor=Peter Dowling | authorlink=Alexander Wyclif Reed | year=2010 | location=Rosedale, North Shore | page=255 | isbn=9780143204107 | ref=harv}} 3. ^1 {{cite book | editor-first=A. H. | editor-last=McLintock | origyear=First published in 1966 | url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/mitre-peak | title=An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand | publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga | date=22 April 2009 | accessdate=13 January 2015 | chapter=Mitre Peak | editor-link=Alexander Hare McLintock}} 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/551 | title=Te Wahipounamu – South West New Zealand | publisher=UNESCO | accessdate=21 January 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.nzta.govt.nz/projects/milfordroad/news/Transit-brochure-Milford.pdf | title=Driving to Milford Sound? | publisher=Transit New Zealand | accessdate=21 January 2015 | format=PDF}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite news | date=27 October 2014 | first1=Roy | last1=Sinclair | url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/10665516/The-magnificent-Mitre-Peak | title=The 'magnificent' Mitre Peak: More popular than Aoraki/Mt Cook | work=The Press | accessdate=21 January 2015}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web |last= Hegg |first= Danilo |title= Mitre Peak / Rahotu, 1683m |publisher= Tramping and Climbing in Aotearoa |date= 25 April 2015 |url= https://southernalps.wordpress.com/2010/04/25/mitre-peak-m1683/ |accessdate= 21 February 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web |title= The 'magnificent' Mitre Peak |publisher= Geographic Names |date= 27 October 2014|url= http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/10665516/The-magnificent-Mitre-Peak |accessdate= 23 February 2018}} 9. ^{{Citation | title = First ascents and explorations in the Te Anau – Milford District |journal= The New Zealand Alpine Journal |volume= IV |issue= 18 |pages = 150 | publisher = New Zealand Alpine Club |location= Berlin |date= |year= 1931}} 10. ^1 2 3 Hall-Jones, page 167. 11. ^Ede, page 26. 12. ^{{cite web|title=Mitre Pk|url=http://climbnz.org.nz/nz/si/fiordland/mitre-pk|publisher=Climb NZ|accessdate=21 January 2015}} References
2 : Mountains of Fiordland|Southern Alps |
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