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词条 Mitsubishi F-2
释义

  1. Development

     US–Japan negotiations  Production 

  2. Design

  3. Operational history

  4. Variants

  5. Operators

  6. Accidents and incidents

  7. Specifications (F-2A)

  8. See also

  9. References

     Citations  Bibliography 

  10. External links

{{redirect|FS-X|the video game|Microsoft Flight Simulator X}}
name = F-2 image = File:20170810034434!Mitsubishi F-2 in flight 23 (cropped).jpg{{!}}border caption = Mitsubishi F-2B

}}{{Infobox aircraft type

 type = Multirole fighter national origin = Japan / United States manufacturer = Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Lockheed Martin first flight = 7 October 1995 introduced = 2000 retired = status = In service primary user = Japan Air Self-Defense Force more users = produced = 1995–2011 number built = 98,(include 4 prototypes)[1] unit cost = ¥12 billion yen; $127 million (constant 2009 USD)[2] developed from = General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon variants with their own articles =
}}

The Mitsubishi F-2 is a multirole fighter derived from the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon, and manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Lockheed Martin for the Japan Air Self-Defense Force, with a 60/40 split in manufacturing between Japan and the United States. Production started in 1996 and the first aircraft entered service in 2000. The first 76 aircraft entered service by 2008, with a total of 98 airframes produced. The first active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar on a combat aircraft was the J/APG-1 introduced on the Mitsubishi F-2 in 1995.[2] The F-2 is nicknamed "Viper Zero", a reference to the F-16's semi-official nickname of "Viper" and the Mitsubishi A6M Zero. [3]

Development

US–Japan negotiations

The JASDF and its contractors considered developing a Japanese-designed, Japanese-produced replacement for the aging Mitsubishi F-1 fighter as early as 1981. A formal feasibility study commenced in 1985.[4] Japan's initial intentions to develop the aircraft domestically built upon Japan's previous success in producing the F-15J fighter under license from McDonnell Douglas.[5] Japanese defense contractors argued that they needed to build a new aircraft from the beginning in order to develop the skill of their engineers and, in turn, develop the Japanese aircraft industry.[6]

As the program began to take formal shape in 1985, several United States officials raised concerns that the program would result in an inferior aircraft, and would weaken the U.S.–Japan defense relationship. Pentagon officials advocated co-production or co-development of an aircraft based on the F-16 or F-18 platform, as they believed that Japan would not agree to buy U.S. aircraft.[4]

In early 1987, the United States, through Caspar Weinberger and other administration officials, began formally pressuring Japan to execute the project as a U.S.–Japan bilateral joint development.[7][5] The timing of this lobbying coincided with the height of "Japan bashing" in the United States: the Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal, in which Toshiba was found to have sold propeller milling machinery to the Soviet Union in violation of COCOM sanctions, became public in May 1987. Japan's negotiating stance changed amid the risk of deterioration in U.S.–Japan relations.[4]

The Reagan administration and Nakasone government announced the joint project in October 1987.[8][9] Under a memorandum of understanding signed in November 1988, General Dynamics would provide its F-16 Fighting Falcon technology to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and would handle up to 45 percent of the development work as a joint principal contractor.[5][8]

On the American side, senior officials in the State Department and Defense Department supported the project as a means for the U.S. to access Japanese technology and as a means of strengthening U.S.–Japan relations, but the Commerce Department and many members of Congress opposed the project due to the risk of strengthening Japan's ability to compete with U.S. aerospace firms.[7] Opponents in Congress argued that Japan should acquire American aircraft in order to offset the trade deficit between the two countries.[10] More than twenty members of the Senate demanded official review of the deal.[9]

After George H. W. Bush took office as president of the United States in January 1989, the U.S. government responded to domestic criticism of the deal by seeking "clarification" of the terms of the MOU, which the Japanese government viewed as an attempt to re-negotiate it. The Bush administration was particularly concerned with the risks of transferring technology to Japan.[7] Bush announced a revised agreement in April 1989, shortly before the resignation of his Japanese counterpart Noboru Takeshita, under which Japanese access to flight control and weapons control software was limited, while the U.S. was to have access to any new technology that Japan developed for the project.[11] American contractors were guaranteed at least 40% of the production for the program.[10] Congress ratified the deal in June 1989 while expressing official displeasure with it.[4]

Japanese lawmaker Shintaro Ishihara was a vocal critic of the final deal, writing in 1990 that "our Foreign Ministry and other Government agencies decided it was better to eat humble pie than incur Uncle Sam's wrath on yet another bilateral issue," and pointing out that "we give away our most advanced defense technology to the United States but pay licensing and patent fees for each piece of technology we use."[5]

Production

Work started in the FS-X program, initially given the company designation Mitsubishi SX-3.[12] In 1984 General Dynamics had offered an enlarged version of the F-16 to the US Air Force and considered entering it as a low cost alternative in the Advanced Tactical Fighter competition. Neither came to fruition, however this concept became the starting point for F-2 development. The F-2 used the wing design of the F-16 Agile Falcon, but much of the electronics were further updated to 1990s standards. Japan selected the fighter to replace the F-4EJ and supplement the F-15J, its main air superiority fighter. The program involved technology transfer from the U.S. to Japan and vice versa. Responsibility for cost sharing was split 60% by Japan and 40% by the U.S.[25] Lockheed Martin would manufacture all the aft fuselages and wing leading-edge flaps and eight of the ten left-hand wingboxes.[13]

The F-2 program was controversial, because the unit cost, which includes development costs, is roughly four times that of a Block 50/52 F-16, which does not include development costs. Inclusion of development costs distorts the incremental unit cost (this happens with most modern military aircraft), though even at the planned procurement levels, the price per aircraft was somewhat high. The initial plan of 141 F-2s would have reduced the unit cost by up to {{US$|10 million}}(€7,5 million) per unit, not including reduced cost from mass production. As of 2008, 94 aircraft were planned.[1]

The F-2's maiden flight was on 7 October 1995. Later that year, the Japanese government approved an order for 141 (but that was soon cut to 130), to enter service by 1999; structural problems resulted in service entry being delayed until 2000. Because of issues with cost-efficiency, orders for the aircraft were curtailed to 98 (including four prototypes) in 2004.{{Citation needed|date=May 2015}} Flight testing of the four prototypes were conducted by the Japan Defense Agency at Gifu Air Field.[14]

The last of 94 production aircraft ordered under contract was delivered to the Defense Ministry on 27 September 2011.[15] During the roll-out ceremony of the last production F-2 fighter jet, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries confirmed that production of the F-2 would end and no more F-2 fighters will be produced by the manufacturer.[16] {{asof|2014}} there are 61 single-seaters flying, and 21 two-seat trainers.[17]

Design

General Electric, Kawasaki, Honeywell, Raytheon, NEC, Hazeltine, and Kokusai Electric were among the primary component sub-contractors. Lockheed Martin supplied the aft fuselage, leading-edge slats, stores management system, a large portion of wingboxes (as part of two-way technology transfer agreements),[18] and other components.[19] Kawasaki built the midsection of the fuselage, as well as the doors to the main wheel and the engine,[25] while the forward fuselage and wings were built by Mitsubishi.[25] Avionics were supplied by Lockheed Martin, and the digital fly-by-wire system was jointly developed by Japan Aviation Electric and Honeywell (formerly Allied Signal).[25] Contractors for communication systems and IFF interrogators included: Raytheon, NEC, Hazeltine, and Kokusai Electric.[25] Final assembly was done in Japan, by MHI at its Komaki-South facility in Nagoya.

Larger wings give an aircraft better payload and maneuverability in proportion to its thrust, but also tend to add weight to the airframe in various ways. More weight can have negative effects on acceleration, climbing, payload, and range. To make the larger wings lighter the skin, spars, ribs and cap of the wings were made from graphite-epoxy composite and co-cured in an autoclave. This was the first application of co-cured technology to a production tactical fighter.[20] This technology for the wings encountered some teething problems, but proved to be a leading-edge use of a technology that provides weight savings, improved range, and some stealth benefits. This technology was then transferred back to America, as part of the program’s industrial partnership.[21]

The F-2 has three display screens, including a liquid crystal display from Yokogawa.

Some differences in the F-2 from the F-16A:

  • a 25% larger wing area
  • composite materials used to reduce overall weight and radar signature
  • longer and wider nose to accommodate a J/APG-1/J/APG-2 active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar. The F-2 was the first operational military aircraft in the world to feature an AESA radar,{{cn|date=July 2015}} before the F-22 Raptor’s AN/APG-77 AESA radar.
  • larger tailplane
  • larger air intake
  • three-piece cockpit canopy
  • capabilities for four ASM-1 or ASM-2 anti-ship missiles, four AAMs, and additional fuel tanks

Also, the F-2 is equipped with a drogue parachute, like the version of the F-16 used by South Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, Greece, Turkey, Indonesia, Taiwan, and Venezuela.

Operational history

On 7 February 2013, two Russian Air Force Sukhoi Su-27 fighters briefly entered Japanese airspace off Rishiri Island near Hokkaido, flying south over the Sea of Japan before turning back to the north.[40] Four F-2 fighters were scrambled to visually confirm the Russian planes,[22] warning them by radio to leave their airspace.[23] A photo taken by a JASDF pilot of one of the two Su-27s was released by the Japan Ministry of Defense.[24] Russia denied the incursion, saying the jets were making routine flights near the disputed Kuril Islands.[25]

On 22 August 2013, two Russian Tupolev Tu-142 Bear-F maritime patrol aircraft (MPA) entered Japanese airspace near the major southern island of Kyushu for less than 2 minutes. F-2 fighters were scrambled in response.[26]

Variants

  • XF-2A: Single-seat prototypes.
  • XF-2B: Two-seat prototypes.
  • F-2A: Single-seat fighter version.
  • F-2B: Two-seat training version.

Operators

{{JPN}}
  • Japan Air Self-Defense Force
Air Defense Command
  • Northern Air Defense Force
    • 3rd Air Wing, Misawa Air Base
    • 3rd Tactical Fighter Squadron (2001–present)
  • Western Air Defense Force
    • 8th Wing, Tsuiki Air Base
    • 6th Tactical Fighter Squadron (2004–present)
    • 8th Tactical Fighter Squadron (2008–present)
Air Training Command
  • 4th Air Wing, Matsushima Air Base
    • 21st Fighter Training Squadron (Reactivated)[46]
Air Development and Test Command
  • Air Development and Test Wing, Gifu Air Base

Accidents and incidents

  • On 31 October 2007, an F-2B crashed during takeoff and subsequently caught fire at Nagoya Airfield in central Japan. The jet was being taken up on a test flight by Mitsubishi employees, after major maintenance and before being delivered to the JSDF. Both test pilots survived the incident with only minor injuries.[27] It was eventually determined that improper wiring caused the crash.[28][29]
  • As a result of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, 18 F-2Bs belonging to the 21st Fighter Squadron at Matsushima Air Base were damaged or destroyed.[30][31] Of these 18, 5 were deemed beyond repair and have been scrapped. The remaining 13 F-2s are being repaired at the estimated cost of ¥80 billion(€490 million).[32] In the meantime, training duties carried out by the 21st Fighter Squadron have been transferred to other air bases. Repair works were completed by 2016, when the 21st Squadron returned to Matsushima.[33]
  • On 20 February 2019, an F-2B crashed during a training flight over the Sea of Japan. Both flight instructor and pilot survived of the accident[34].

Specifications (F-2A)

{{aircraft specifications


|ref=Wilson[35]
|crew=1 (2 for the F-2B)
|length main=15.52 m
|length alt=50 ft 11 in
|span main=11.13 m
|span alt=36 ft 6 in
|height main=4.96 m
|height alt=15 ft 5 in
|area main=34.84 m²
|area alt=375 ft²
|empty weight main=9,527 kg
|empty weight alt=21,000 lb
|loaded weight main=14,970 kg
|loaded weight alt=33,000 lb
|max takeoff weight main=22,100 kg
|max takeoff weight alt=48,700 lb
|engine (jet)=General Electric F110-IHI-129
|type of jet=turbofan
|number of jets=1
|thrust main=75.62 kN
|thrust alt=17,000 lbf
|afterburning thrust main=131.23 kN
|afterburning thrust alt= 29,400 lbf
|max speed main=Mach 2.0
|max speed alt= 2,124 km/h
|max speed more= at altitude
|ceiling main=18,000 m
|ceiling alt=59,000 ft
|climb rate main=
|climb rate alt=
|range main=
|range alt=
|ferry range main=4,000 km
|ferry range alt=2,486 mi
|loading main=430 kg/m² at weight of 15,000 kg
|loading alt=88 lb/ft²
|thrust/weight=0.89
|armament=

  • 20 mm JM61A1 cannon, plus maximum weapon load of 8,085 kg:
  • AAMs:Mitsubishi AAM-3, Mitsubishi AAM-4, Mitsubishi AAM-5, AIM-9 Sidewinder, AIM-7 Sparrow
  • air-to-ground weapons include: ASM-1 and ASM-2 anti-ship missiles, various free-fall bombs with GCS-1 IIR seeker heads, JDAM
  • others: J/AAQ-2 FLIR, AN/AAQ-33

|avionics=
  • Mitsubishi active electronically scanned array radar system J/APG-2

}}

See also

{{Portal|Aviation}}{{aircontent
|see also=
  • Fourth-generation jet fighter
  • Fighter units of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force

|related=
  • General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
  • AIDC F-CK-1 Ching-kuo
  • KAI T-50 Golden Eagle

|similar aircraft=
  • Chengdu J-10
  • Saab JAS 39 Gripen

|lists=
  • List of fighter aircraft

}}

References

Citations

1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2008/04/08/ap4868517.html|title=Lockheed Martin Gets $250M F-2 Contract|accessdate=2008-04-09|year=2008}} {{Dead link|date=November 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/japan/f-2.htm|title=F-2 Support Fighter / FSX|author=John Pike|publisher=|accessdate=1 February 2016}}
3. ^Roblin, Sebastien. [https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/fact-tsunami-devastated-japan’s-souped-f-16s-29422 "Tsunami Devastated Japan's Souped Up F-16s.], The National Interest August 21, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
4. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal|last=Spar|first=Debora|date=1991–1992|title=Co-Developing the FSX Fighter: The Domestic Calculus of International Co-Operation |url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/intj47&div=21&g_sent=1&casa_token=&collection=journals|journal=International Journal|volume=47|pages=265–292|via=HeinOnline}}
5. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/14/business/forum-fsx-japan-s-last-bad-deal.html|title=FSX – Japan's Last Bad Deal|last=Ishihara |first=Shintaro|date=1990-01-14|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-11|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
6. ^{{Cite news |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1987-05-17/news/8702060391_1_fsx-mitsubishi-heavy-industries-defense-industry|title=U.S., Japan Wrestle Over Who Will Build Jet|last=Yates |first=Ronald E.|date=1987-05-17|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=2017-10-11|language=en}}
7. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1989/03/23/japan-calls-on-us-to-honor-fsx-jet-pact/d68fdc3e-8c40-4790-90db-06303f2de672/ |title=JAPAN CALLS ON U.S. TO HONOR FSX JET PACT|last=Hiatt|first=Fred|date=1989-03-23|work=Washington Post|access-date=2017-10-11|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}
8. ^1 {{Cite news |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1989-03-24/news/8903290580_1_fsx-deal-important-bilateral-relationship-jet-fighter|title=Restricting The Japanese Fighter Deal |last=|first=|date=1989-03-24|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=2017-10-11|language=en}}
9. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/20/business/technology-pact-for-fighter-creates-dispute-with-japan.html|title=Technology Pact for Fighter Creates Dispute With Japan|last=Sanger|first=David E.|date=1989-02-20|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-11|last2=|first2=|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
10. ^1 {{Cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-04-30/news/mn-2867_1_fsx-japan-s-ambassador-nobuo-matsunaga-japan-s-mitsubishi-heavy-industries|title=Bush Clears Way for FSX Fighter Deal With Japan |last=|first=|date=1989-04-30|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-10-11|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}
11. ^{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-04-29/news/mn-1657_1_fsx-jet-fighter-fighter-for-japan-s-air-japan-s-mitsubishi-heavy-industries|title=U.S., Japan Agree on FSX Jet Fighter : Bush Announces Accord on $8-Billion Joint Project; Critics Vow Opposition|last=LAUTER|first=DAVID|date=1989-04-29|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-10-11|last2=PINE|first2=ART|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}
12. ^{{cite book |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988–89 |year=1988 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |location=London |isbn=0 7106 0867 5 |editor=John W.R. Taylor}}
13. ^{{Cite web|last=Breen|first=Tom|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18786166.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150021/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18786166.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=24 September 2015|title=Lockheed Martin starts beefing up work force for Japan's F-2|work=Defense Daily|date=21 October 1996|accessdate=27 May 2015|subscription=yes|via=HighBeam Research}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-20535550.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151518/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-20535550.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=24 September 2015|title=Lockheed Martin continues work for Japan's F-2 fighter|date=23 April 1998|work=Defense Daily|accessdate=28 May 2015|subscription=yes|via=HighBeam Research}}
15. ^Jiji Press, "Final F-2 fighter delivered to ASDF", Japan Times, 29 September 2011, p. 2.
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://airforceworld.com/fighter/eng/f2.htm |title=Mitsubishi Heavy Industries end production of F-2 fighter |work=AirForceWorld.com |accessdate=1 Oct 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002231721/http://www.airforceworld.com/fighter/eng/f2.htm |archivedate=2011-10-02 |df= }}
17. ^{{citation |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/big-in-japan-tokyos-top-10-aircraft-projects-405209/ |title=Big in Japan: Tokyo’s Top 10 aircraft projects |work=Flightglobal |publisher=Reed Business Information |date=24 October 2014 }}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://airforceworld.com/fighter/eng/f2.htm |title=Mitsubishi F-2 Fighter Japan Technology Transfer Agreement |work=AirForceWorld.com |accessdate=1 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002231721/http://www.airforceworld.com/fighter/eng/f2.htm |archivedate=2 October 2011 |df= }}
19. ^Lockheed Martin Press Release April 8, 2008
20. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/f2/ |title=F-2 Attack Fighter, Japan | work=Airforce-technology.com |accessdate=22 Apr 2012}}{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/lockheed-mitsubishis-f2-fighter-partnership-03188/ |title=Lockheed & Mitsubishi’s F-2 Fighter Partnership | work=Defenseindustrydaily.com |accessdate=22 Apr 2012}}
22. ^{{citation|title = Japan accuses Russian jets of violating airspace|url = http://dawn.com/2013/02/08/japan-accuses-russian-jets-of-violating-airspace/|publisher = DAWN.COM|date = 7 Feb 2013|accessdate = 9 Feb 2013}}
23. ^{{citation|title = Japan scrambles fighter jets as Russian warplanes intrude into airspace|url = http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2291677&language=en|publisher = Kuwait News Agency (KUNA)|date = 7 Feb 2013|accessdate = 10 Feb 2013}}
24. ^{{citation|title = Japan says 2 Russian fighters entered its airspace|url = https://news.yahoo.com/japan-says-2-russian-fighters-entered-airspace-141944662.html|publisher = Yahoo! News|date = 7 Feb 2013|accessdate = 9 Feb 2013}}
25. ^1 {{citation|title = Russian fighter jets 'breach Japan airspace'|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21364559|publisher = BBC News|date = 7 Feb 2013}}
26. ^[https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/22/japan-russia-idUSL4N0GN2AR20130822?feedType=RSS&feedName=industrialsSector&rpc=43 Japan scrambles jets, accusing Russian bombers of intrusion]. Reuters, 22 August 2013.
27. ^http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20071101a2.html Japan Times
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://huhcanitbetrue.blogspot.com/2008/01/f2mhi.html|title=そうなのかな|publisher=|accessdate=1 February 2016}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.f-16.net/index.php?name=PNphpBB2&file=viewtopic&p=112537|title=JASDF F-2 Update – General F-16 forum|publisher=|accessdate=1 February 2016}}
30. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/the-dewline/2011/03/earthquake-devastates-japan-f-.html|title=About the Flightglobal Group - Blogs Announcement - flightglobal.com|work=Flightglobal.com|accessdate=1 February 2016}}
31. ^http://www.asahi.com/national/update/0312/TKY201103110818.html
32. ^http://www.asahi.com/english/TKY201109150442.html
33. ^{{cite news|title = JASDF - Order of Battle|agency = J-Hangerspace|date = February 9, 2019|url=http://www.j-hangarspace.jp/jasdf-order-of-battle}}
34. ^https://www.janes.com/article/86668/jasdf-f-2-fighter-crashes-into-sea-of-japan
35. ^Wilson, Stewart. Combat Aircraft since 1945. Fyshwick, Australia: Aerospace Publications, 2000. p. 106. {{ISBN|1-875671-50-1}}.

Bibliography

  • Aoki, Yoshimoto. "Mitsubishi F-2: 21st Century JASDF fighter-support". World Air Power Journal, Volume 39, Winter 1999. London:Aerospace Publishing. {{ISBN|1-86184-039-X}}. ISSN 0959-7050. pp. 38–49.
  • https://web.archive.org/web/20090509093421/http://www.mod.go.jp/asdf/english/formation/index.html (accessed on February 9, 2007)
  • http://www.mod.go.jp/asdf/equipment/index.html (accessed on February 9, 2007)
  • {{cite book |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988–89 |year=1988 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |location=London |isbn=0 7106 0867 5 |editor=John W.R. Taylor}}

External links

{{Commons|Mitsubishi F-2}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070307102211/http://www.mod.go.jp/asdf/equipment/01_f2.html JASDF Official F-2 webpage {{Jp icon}}]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20081204061319/http://www.mhi.co.jp/en/products/detail/f-2_close_support_fighter.html F-2 at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20081227194550/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/products/f2/index.html F-2 at Lockheed Martin]
  • F-2 at Globalsecurity.org
{{Mitsubishi aircraft}}

8 : Mitsubishi Heavy Industries aircraft|Japanese fighter aircraft 1990–1999|Single-engined jet aircraft|Japan–United States relations|Post–Cold War military equipment of Japan|F-16 Fighting Falcon|Mid-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1996
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