| 词条 | Mitsubishi Ki-20 | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Mitsubishi Ki-20 is a Japanese bomber variant of the Junkers G.38 airliner. Mitsubishi manufactured six aircraft under license from Junkers. These aircraft, designated Army Type 92 Heavy Bomber, served through the 1930s. During World War II, the Ki-20 served in a variety of transport and support roles. Design and developmentIn the late-1920s, as Junkers developed the Junkers G.38, Mitsubishi representatives in Germany expressed an interest in a military version of this civilian transport. At the time, the G.38 was the largest landplane in the world. Junkers completed a design study for a military bomber/transport, based on the G.38, designated the K.51. This design was not accepted by the Reichsluftfahrtministerium. The K.51 design study was, however, of interest to Japan. A licensing and manufacturing agreement was reached and in 1932 the first two Ki-20s were completed by Mitsubishi, utilizing Junkers-made parts. A prototype was successfully flown in Japan by a German test pilot in that year.[1] Four additional Ki-20s were built between 1933 and 1935. All of these subsequent models utilized Mitsubishi-built parts. Ongoing development focused on engine upgrades to all examples to address the persistent issue of the aircraft being underpowered. Several engine upgrades were completed during the lifetime of these aircraft. The initial Junkers L88 engines were replaced by the more powerful Jumo 204 engines, also built under license by Mitsubishi. Additionally Kawasaki Ha-9 engines were utilized for testing purposes.[2] Operational historyDuring World War II, the Japanese originally intended to utilize the Ki-20s to attack the forts at the entrance to Manila Bay in the Philippines and for deep penetration missions into Siberia. For these purposes, they were armed with six gun positions and structurally enabled to carry a 5,000 kg (11,020 lb) bomb load. These aircraft were the largest operated by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service and their existence within it was kept secret. As a result, they were issued their out-of-sequence Kitai number '20' only when they were finally revealed in 1940. Surviving aircraftA single example survived to the end of hostilities as a museum piece in the Tokorozawa Aviation Memorial Hall.[3] All examples of this aircraft were either destroyed during the war or broken up for scrap during the latter portion of the 1940s. Specifications{{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?= plane |jet or prop?= prop |ref= Japanese Aircraft, 1910-1941[3] |crew= 10 |capacity= |length main= 23.20 m |length alt= 76 ft 1½ in |span main= 44 m |span alt= 144 ft 4¼ in |height main= 7 m |height alt= 22 ft 11¾ in |area main= 294 m² |area alt= 3,165 ft² |airfoil= |empty weight main= 14,912 kg |empty weight alt= 32,875 lb |loaded weight main= 25,448 kg |loaded weight alt= 56,103 lb |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |more general= |engine (prop)= Junkers Jumo 204 |type of prop= inline-6 opposed piston diesel engine |number of props= 4 |power main= 560 kW |power alt= 750 hp |power original= |max speed main= 201 km/h |max speed alt= 108 kn, 125 mph |cruise speed main= |cruise speed alt= |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |range main= |range alt= |ceiling main= |ceiling alt= |climb rate main= |climb rate alt= |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= |guns=
|bombs=Up to 5,000 kg (11,023 lb) bombs carried externally |avionics= }} See also{{aircontent|related=
|similar aircraft= |lists=
}} References{{commons category|Mitsubishi Ki-20}}
1. ^{{Harvnb|Mikesh and Abe|1990|p=182.}} 2. ^{{Harvnb|Mikesh and Abe|1990|pp=182–183.}} 3. ^1 {{Harvnb|Mikesh and Abe|1990|p=183.}}
6 : Japanese bomber aircraft 1930–1939|Mitsubishi aircraft|World War II Japanese heavy bombers|Four-engined tractor aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1932|Four-engined piston aircraft |
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