| 词条 | Ternate language | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=Ternate |nativename=bahasa Ternate / bahasa Tarnate |states=Indonesia |region=North Maluku (Ternate, Hiri, Kayoa, Bacan Islands, some areas of Halmahera) |coordinates = {{coord|0|1|N|127|44|E|type:landmark|display=inline}} |speakers=42,000[1] |date=1981 |ref=e18 |speakers2=20,000 L2 speakers (1981)[1] |familycolor=Papuan |fam1=West Papuan |fam2=North Halmahera |fam3=Ternate–Tidore |iso3=tft |glotto=tern1247 |glottorefname=Ternate |script=Latin script (Rumi) Historically Arabic script (Jawi)[2][3] }} Ternate or Ternatese (bahasa Ternate, bahasa Tarnate) is a North Halmahera language of Indonesia. It is spoken on the island of Ternate, and some neighboring areas in North Maluku, including Halmahera, Hiri, Kayoa and the Bacan Islands. Historically, it served as the primary language of the Sultanate of Ternate, famous for its role in the spice trade. This language should not be confused with Ternate Malay, a local Malay-based creole which it has heavily influenced. Ternate serves as the first language of many indigenous Ternateans, while Ternate Malay is employed as a means of interethnic and trade communication.[4] ClassificationTernate is a member of the North Halmahera branch of the West Papuan language family.[5] It is most closely related to the Tidore language native to the southern neighboring island. There is a high degree of mutual intelligibility between the Ternate-Tidore language varieties, and some classifications identify these idioms as dialects of a single language, collectively termed as either "Ternate" or "Ternate-Tidore".[6][7] PhonologyTernate, like other North Halmahera languages, is not a tonal language. Consonants
Vowels
References1. ^1 {{e14|TFT|Ternate}} {{West Papuan languages}}{{Languages of Indonesia}}{{Papuan-lang-stub}}{{Indonesia-stub}}2. ^{{Cite book | author = Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq | title = Bijdragen tot de kennis der residentie Ternate | language = nl | publisher = E.J. Brill | year = 1890 | pages = 193 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IxMVAAAAIAAJ}} 3. ^{{Cite web | url = https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ternatantidorese | title = Ternatan/Tidorese - Dictionary definition of Ternatan/Tidorese | publisher = encyclopedia.com | language = en}} 4. ^{{Cite web | last = Litamahuputty | first = Betty | title = Description of Ternate Malay | publisher = Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Jakarta station | date = March 10, 2007 | url = http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/jakarta/ternate.php | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070610225430/http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/jakarta/ternate.php | archivedate = June 10, 2007 | df = }} 5. ^{{Cite web | last = Lewis | first = M. Paul | title = Ternate - A language of Indonesia (Maluku) | work = Ethnologue: Languages of the World| publisher = SIL International | year = 2009 | url = https://www.ethnologue.com/16/show_language/tft|edition=16th}} 6. ^{{Cite web | url = http://118.98.223.79/petabahasa/infobahasa2.php?idb=482&idp=Maluku%20Utara | title = Ternate - Peta Bahasa | language = id}} 7. ^{{Cite book | author = Rika Hayami-Allen | title = A Descriptive Study of the Language of Ternate, the Northern Moluccas, Indonesia | language = en | publisher = University of Pittsburgh | pages = | year = 2001}} 2 : Languages of Indonesia|North Halmahera languages |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。