词条 | Thakur (title) |
释义 |
Thakur or Thakkar is a historical feudal title of the Indian subcontinent, now used as a surname. The female variant of the title is Thakurani or Thakurain, also used to describe the wife of a Thakur. The word Thakur means 'lord', 'god' or 'master'.[1][2] The title was used by rulers of several princely states, including Ambliara, Vala, Morbi and Barsoda, and in Pakistan Royal Sodha Rajput used the title thakur. Sons of thakurs were given the Sanskrit title of Kumara ('prince'), popular usage being Kunwar in the North and Kumar in Bengal and South India.[3][4] In the zamindari system, Thakurs were landlords who used to collect revenue in their feudatory estate.{{cn|date=October 2017}} A Thakur's estate was called a Thakurate or Thikana,[5] and was recognised at a salute state rank in the British Empire of India. The Thakur Sahib of Dhrol,[6] Thakur Sahib of Limbdi,[7] Thakur Sahib of Palitana and Thakur Sahib of Rajkot[8] were recognised with hereditary 9-gun salutes, while the Thakur Sahib of Gondal received an 11-gun salute. EtymologyIt is derived from the Sanskrit word thākura meaning deity, idol, chief or man of rank.[9][10] Princely states ruled by ThakursThakursThakur served as the title of many historical states,[11] including: Beja State, Bija State, Chuda State, Dhadi State, Kachhi Baroda State, Kathiwada State, Kawarda State, Khirasra State, Kunihar State, Mahlog State, Mohanpur State, Ranasan State, Sanjeli State, Sayla State, Vallabhpur State, Valasna State, Wadagam State. In some states, the Thakur's title was later changed, notably:
In Tharoch State, the ruler's title of Rana was changed to Thakur, before being reverted to Rana again later. Compound variantsThe title had loftier compound variants, notably:[12]
ThikanaThikana is the fief or princely state ruled by the Thakurs. See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.2.hobson.860853|title=Hobson-Jobson: A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases|last=Yule|first=Henry|date=1903|website= |publisher=London: J. Murray|access-date= |page=915}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ancestry.co.uk/name-origin?surname=thakur|title=Thakur Name Meaning|last=|first=|date=|website=Ancestry.co.uk|publisher=|access-date=12 November 2016}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Vadivelu|first=A.|title=The Aristocracy of Southern India, Volume 2|url={{Google books|oFwDWt2N29cC|page=|plainurl=yes}}|page=}} 4. ^https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1159456/ 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/635200/|title=Agarsingji Raisingji vs Bai Naniba on 9 April, 1914|last=|first=|date=|website=Indian Kanoon|publisher=|access-date=12 November 2016}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/d/019pho000000127u00026000.html|title=DHROL: Jai Singh, Thakur Sahib of Dhrole (1824-1886). |last=Wright |first=Colin|date=|website=British Library|publisher=|access-date=12 November 2016}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianrajputs.com/view/limbdi|title=Limbdi (Princely State)|last=Rathore|first=Abhinay|website=Rajput Provinces of India|access-date=12 November 2016}} 8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=frHDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16&dq=Thakore+Saheb+9+gun+salute&source=bl&ots=ePd22DLbjZ&sig=DSBs7oMm1sL4bA5Dw3oVo6-Duxg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjkabf26PQAhXlIcAKHcJDD5EQ6AEIRjAH#v=onepage&q=Thakore%20Saheb%209%20gun%20salute&f=false|title=The Indian Equator: Mark Twain's India Revisited|last=Strathcarron|first=Ian|date=24 July 2013|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=9780486315805|language=en}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0&trans=Translate&direction=SE |author= |date= |website=SpokenSanskit.org|publisher=Klaus Glashoff|title=Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit|access-date=21 September 2013|quote=}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/Thakur.html|title=Thakur|last=|first=|date=|website=Every Culture|publisher=|access-date=12 November 2016}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html|title=www.worldstatesmen.org|website=Princely States of India (here K-Z)|access-date=12 December 2016}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html|title=www.worldstatesmen.org|website=Princely States of India (here A-J)|access-date=12 December 2016}} External links and sources
3 : Titles in India|Indian family names|Indian feudalism |
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