“The Avengers (2012 film)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Marvel's The Avengers^[6] (classified under the name Marvel Avengers Assemble in the United Kingdom and Ireland),^[3]^[8] or simply The Avengers, is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.{{refn|name=Paramount|group=N}} It is the sixth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson, and Jeremy Renner as the titular Avengers team, alongside Tom Hiddleston, Clark Gregg, Cobie Smulders, Stellan Skarsgård, and Samuel L. Jackson. In the film, Nick Fury, director of the spy agency S.H.I.E.L.D., recruits Tony Stark, Steve Rogers, Bruce Banner, and Thor to form a team that must stop Thor's brother Loki from subjugating Earth.

The film's development began when Marvel Studios received a loan from Merrill Lynch in April 2005. After the success of the film Iron Man in May 2008, Marvel announced that The Avengers would be released in July 2011. With the signing of Johansson in March 2009, the film was pushed back for a 2012 release. Whedon was brought on board in April 2010 and rewrote the original screenplay by Zak Penn. Production began in April 2011 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, before moving to Cleveland, Ohio, in August and New York City in September. The film was converted to 3D in post-production.

The Avengers premiered on April 11, 2012, at Hollywood's El Capitan Theatre and was released in the United States on May 4, 2012. The film received highly positive reviews from critics for its screenplay, direction, acting and sound, as well as numerous awards and nominations including Academy Award and BAFTA nominations for achievements in visual effects. It set or tied numerous box office records, including the biggest opening weekend in the United States and Canada. The Avengers grossed over $1.5 billion worldwide and became the third-highest-grossing film of all time, as well as the highest-grossing film of 2012. It is the first Marvel production to generate $1 billion in ticket sales. In 2017, it was featured as one of the 100 greatest films of all time in Empire magazine's poll of The 100 Greatest Movies.

Two sequels, titled Age of Ultron and Infinity War, were released in May 2015 and April 2018, respectively, while Endgame is scheduled for release in April 2019.

Plot

The Asgardian Loki encounters the Other, the leader of an extraterrestrial race known as the Chitauri. In exchange for retrieving the Tesseract,{{refn|name=Tesseract|group=N|Producer Kevin Feige stated that the Tesseract is based on the Cosmic Cube from Marvel comics.^[9] After The Dark World, he stated that it was also the Space Infinity Stone.^[10]}} a powerful energy source of unknown potential, the Other promises Loki an army with which he can subjugate Earth. Nick Fury, director of the espionage agency S.H.I.E.L.D., and his lieutenant Agent Maria Hill arrive at a remote research facility during an evacuation, where physicist Dr. Erik Selvig is leading a research team experimenting on the Tesseract. Agent Phil Coulson explains that the object has begun radiating an unusual form of energy. The Tesseract suddenly activates and opens a wormhole, allowing Loki to reach Earth. Loki takes the Tesseract and uses his scepter to enslave Selvig and a few other agents, including Clint Barton, to aid him in his getaway.

In response to the attack, Fury reactivates the "Avengers Initiative". Agent Natasha Romanoff is sent to Calcutta to recruit Dr. Bruce Banner to trace the Tesseract through its gamma radiation emissions. Coulson visits Tony Stark to have him review Selvig's research, and Fury approaches Steve Rogers with an assignment to retrieve the Tesseract.

In Stuttgart, Barton steals iridium needed to stabilize the Tesseract's power while Loki causes a distraction, leading to a brief confrontation with Rogers, Stark, and Romanoff that ends with Loki's surrender. While Loki is being escorted to S.H.I.E.L.D., Thor, his adoptive brother, arrives and frees him, hoping to convince him to abandon his plan and return to Asgard. After a confrontation with Stark and Rogers, Thor agrees to take Loki to S.H.I.E.L.D.'s flying aircraft carrier, the Helicarrier. Upon arrival, Loki is imprisoned while Banner and Stark attempt to locate the Tesseract.

The Avengers become divided, both over how to approach Loki and the revelation that S.H.I.E.L.D. plans to harness the Tesseract to develop weapons as a deterrent against hostile extraterrestrials. As the group argues, Barton and Loki's other possessed agents attack the Helicarrier, disabling one of its engines in flight and causing Banner to transform into the Hulk. Stark and Rogers work to restart the damaged engine, and Thor attempts to stop the Hulk's rampage. Romanoff reluctantly fights Barton, and knocks him unconscious, breaking Loki's mind control. Loki escapes after killing Coulson and ejecting Thor from the airship, while the Hulk falls to the ground after attacking a S.H.I.E.L.D. fighter jet. Fury uses Coulson's death to motivate the Avengers into working as a team. Stark and Rogers realize that for Loki, simply defeating them will not be enough; he needs to overpower them publicly to validate himself as ruler of Earth. Loki uses the Tesseract, in conjunction with a device Selvig built, to open a wormhole above Stark Tower to the Chitauri fleet in space, launching his invasion.

Rogers, Stark, Romanoff, Barton, and Thor rally in defense of New York City, the wormhole's location. Banner arrives and transforms into the Hulk, and together the Avengers battle the Chitauri while evacuating civilians. The Hulk finds Loki and beats him into submission. Romanoff makes her way to the wormhole generator, where Selvig, freed from Loki's mind control, reveals that Loki's scepter can be used to shut down the generator. Meanwhile, Fury's superiors from the World Security Council attempt to end the invasion by launching a nuclear missile at Midtown Manhattan. Stark intercepts the missile and takes it through the wormhole toward the Chitauri fleet. The missile detonates, destroying the Chitauri mothership and disabling their forces on Earth. Stark's suit runs out of power, and he falls back through the wormhole just as Romanoff closes it. Stark goes into freefall, but the Hulk saves him from crashing into the ground. In the aftermath, Thor returns Loki and the Tesseract to Asgard, while Fury expresses confidence that the Avengers will return if and when they are needed.

In a mid-credits scene, the Other confers with his master{{refn|name=Thanos|group=N|Feige confirmed that the "master" in the post-credits scene is Thanos.^[11]}} about the failed attack on Earth. In a post-credits scene, the Avengers eat in silence at a shawarma restaurant.

Cast

Production

Development

Ideas for a film based on the Avengers began in 2003,^[70] with Avi Arad, the CEO of Marvel Studios, first announcing plans to develop the film in April 2005, after Marvel Enterprises declared independence by allying with Merrill Lynch to produce a slate of films that would be distributed by Paramount Pictures.^[71] Marvel discussed their plans in a brief presentation to Wall Street analysts; the studio's intention was to release individual films for the main characters—to establish their identities and familiarize audiences with them—before merging the characters together in a crossover film.^[72] Screenwriter Zak Penn, who wrote The Incredible Hulk (2008), became attached to the film in 2006,^[70] and was hired by Marvel Studios to write the film in June 2007.^[74] In the wake of the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike, Marvel negotiated with the Writers Guild of America to ensure that it could create films based on its comic book counterparts, including Captain America, Ant-Man and The Avengers.^[75] After the successful release of Iron Man (2008) in May, the company set a July 2011 release date for The Avengers.^[76] In September 2008, Marvel Studios reached an agreement with Paramount—an extension of a previous partnership—which gave the company distribution rights for five future Marvel films.^[77]

Casting began in October 2008 with Downey's signing.^[12] Though Don Cheadle was also reported to be reprising his Iron Man 2 role of War Machine for The Avengers, he later stated that he did not think the character would appear in the film.^[12]^[80] At the same time, two major prospects occurred for Marvel: Jon Favreau was brought in as an executive producer for the film,^[12] and the company signed a long-term lease with Raleigh Studios to produce three other big-budget films—Iron Man 2, Thor (2011), and The First Avenger (2011)—at their Manhattan Beach, California complex.^[82] Lou Ferrigno, who voiced Hulk in The Incredible Hulk, stated that he would be involved in the film.^[83] In February 2009, Samuel L. Jackson signed a nine-picture deal with Marvel Entertainment to play Nick Fury in Iron Man 2 and other films.^[61] In September 2009, Edward Norton, who played Bruce Banner in The Incredible Hulk stated that he was open to returning in the film.^[85] The next month, executive producer Jon Favreau stated that he would not direct the film, but would "definitely have input and a say". Favreau also expressed concerns, stating, "It's going to be hard, because I was so involved in creating the world of Iron Man, and Iron Man is very much a tech-based hero, and then with Avengers you're going to be introducing some supernatural aspects because of Thor... [Mixing] the two of those works very well in the comic books, but it's going to take a lot of thoughtfulness to make that all work and not blow the reality that we've created".^[86] In March 2009, actress Scarlett Johansson replaced Emily Blunt in portraying Natasha Romanoff in Iron Man 2, a deal that subsequently attached her to The Avengers.^[34] The following day, Marvel announced that the film's release date had been pushed back to May 4, 2012, almost a full year later.^[88] Chris Hemsworth and Tom Hiddleston joined the film's cast in June, returning as Thor and Loki, respectively.^[29]

In July 2009, Penn talked about the crossover process, stating, "My job is to kind of shuttle between the different movies and make sure that finally we're mimicking that comic book structure where all of these movies are connected. . . There's just a board that tracks 'Here's where everything that happens in this movie overlaps with that movie'. . . I'm pushing them to do as many animatics as possible to animate the movie, to draw boards so that we're all working off the same visual ideas. But the exigencies of production take first priority".^[90] At first, Penn tried to reduce Thor's role in the script because he had doubts about the character's ability to succeed on film. He changed his mind once Hemsworth was cast as Thor.^[91] The film had always intended to use Loki as its villain, but Penn noted that early discussion had considered using Red Skull.^[92]

In January 2010, Marvel Studios chief Kevin Feige was asked if it would be difficult to meld the fantasy of Thor with the high-tech science fiction in Iron Man and The Avengers. "No," he said, "because we're doing the Jack Kirby/Stan Lee/Walt Simonson/J. Michael Straczynski Thor. We're not doing the blow-the-dust-off-of-the-old-Norse-book-in-your-library Thor. And in the Thor of the Marvel Universe, there's a race called the Asgardians. And we're linked through this Tree of Life that we're unaware of. It's real science, but we don't know about it yet. The 'Thor' movie is about teaching people that".^[93] In March, it was reported that Penn had completed the first draft of the script, and that Marvel editor-in-chief Joe Quesada and Avengers comic-book writer Brian Michael Bendis had received copies.^[94] Also in March, Chris Evans accepted an offer to play Captain America in three films including The Avengers.^[16]

Pre-production

By April 2010, Joss Whedon was close to completing a deal to direct the film and to rework Penn's script,^[96] and was officially announced in July 2010.^[97] On the hiring, Arad stated: "My personal opinion is that Joss will do a fantastic job. He loves these characters and is a fantastic writer... It's part of his life so you know he is going to protect it... I expect someone like him is going to make the script even better".^[98] Feige added, "I've known Joss for many years. We were looking for the right thing and he came in and met on it... we want[ed] to find a director that’s on the verge of doing something great, as we think Joss is."^[99] Whedon stated at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International, that what drew him to the film is that he loves how "these people shouldn't be in the same room let alone on the same team—and that is the definition of family".^[100]

When Whedon received Penn's draft, he told Feige he felt the studio did not "have anything" and they should "pretend this draft never happened".^[101] Part of Whedon's issue was the lack of character connections in Penn's draft, which necessitated Whedon to begin "at square one".^[70] Whedon went on to write a five page treatment of his plan for the film, and created the tagline "Avengers: Some Assembly Required", riffing on the "Avengers Assemble" slogan from the comic books. Marvel quickly began working to sign Whedon to write and direct, only stipulating that he include the Avengers against Loki, a battle among the heroes in the middle, a battle against the villains at the end, and he get the film done for its May 2012 release.^[101] The script would go through "a lot of insane iterations of what might be" according to Whedon. Whedon explained there was a point when it was not certain Johansson would star in the film, so he "wrote a huge bunch of pages starring The Wasp." He also was "worried that one British character actor [(Hiddleston)] was not enough to take on Earth's mightiest heroes, and that we'd feel like we were rooting for the overdog. So I wrote a huge draft with Ezekiel Stane, Obadiah Stane's son, in it." Once all of the actors were "locked in place the movie stayed on mission." Whedon noted that the characters used do not have the same issue, unlike the X-Men. He felt "these guys just don't belong together" before realizing their interactions could be like The Dirty Dozen (1967). Whedon also referenced Dr. Strangelove (1964), The Abyss (1989), His Girl Friday (1940), and Black Hawk Down (2001). Whedon would ultimately share final screenplay credit with Penn, though Whedon noted he "fought" for sole credit and was "very upset about it." Penn felt the two "could have collaborated more, but that was not his choice. He wanted to do it his way, and I respect that."^[70]

The casting process continued into much of 2010, with the additions of Jeremy Renner,^[38] Mark Ruffalo,^[21] and Clark Gregg.^[48] Ruffalo replaced Edward Norton, whom Marvel declined to have back.^[108] "We have made the decision to not bring Ed Norton back to portray the title role of Bruce Banner in The Avengers," stated Feige. "Our decision is definitely not one based on monetary factors, but instead rooted in the need for an actor who embodies the creativity and collaborative spirit of our other talented cast members. The Avengers demands players who thrive working as part of an ensemble, as evidenced by Robert, Chris H, Chris E, Samuel, Scarlett, and all of our talented casts. We are looking to announce a name actor who fulfills these requirements, and is passionate about the iconic role in the coming weeks."^[109] In response, Norton's agent Brian Swardstrom decried Feige's statement, calling it "purposefully misleading" and an "inappropriate attempt to paint our client in a negative light".^[110] In October 2014, Norton claimed it was his own decision never to play Hulk again because he "wanted more diversity" with his career, and did not want to be associated with only one character.^[111]

In August 2010, it was reported that Paramount Pictures and Marvel Studios were planning to start shooting in February.^[112] Simultaneously, it was declared that the film would be shot in 3D,^[113] although Mark Ruffalo later tweeted that this was not the case.^[114] In October 2010, Grumman Studios in Bethpage, New York^[115] and the Steiner Studios in Brooklyn, New York City, were announced as filming locations,^[116] with set construction slated to begin in November,^[115] but as Whedon later explained, "Originally we were supposed to be in Los Angeles, then for a short period we were supposed to be in New York, and then somehow we ended up in Albuquerque."^[6] Also that October, Walt Disney Studios agreed to pay Paramount at least $115 million for the worldwide distribution rights to Iron Man 3 and The Avengers.^[119] The deal also allowed Paramount to continue to collect the 8 percent box office fee it would have earned for distributing the film and a marquee credit—placement of the company's production logo on marketing materials and the film's opening titles. As a result, the onscreen production credit reads "Marvel Studios presents in association with Paramount Pictures" though the film is solely owned, distributed, financed, and marketed by Disney. Paramount's Epix retained pay TV rights.^[1]

In December 2010, Governor of New Mexico Bill Richardson and Marvel Studios Co-president Louis D'Esposito announced The Avengers would film primarily in Albuquerque, New Mexico, with principal photography scheduled for April through September 2011. Parts of the film were also scheduled to be shot in Michigan,^[121] but a plan to film in Detroit ended after Governor Rick Snyder issued a budget proposal that would eliminate a film tax incentive.^[122] Three months later in March, Governor of Ohio John Kasich announced before Mayor Frank G. Jackson's State of the City address that The Avengers would film in Cleveland.^[123]

Concept illustrator and designer of Iron Man's Mark VII armor Phil Saunders stated that "Joss Whedon was looking for something that had the 'cool' factor of the suitcase suit [from Iron Man 2], while still being a fully armored, heavy duty suit that could take on an army in the final battle." To that end, Saunders borrowed ideas that had been proposed in Iron Man 2 as well as some ideas that had been abandoned in Iron Man and merged them together in a modular suit that has big ammo packets on the arms and a backpack.^[124] The Science & Entertainment Exchange also provided science consultation for the film.^[125]

Casting reached its final stages the following year. In February 2011, Cobie Smulders acquired the role of Maria Hill,^[54] after participating in screen tests conducted by Marvel for the role of a key S.H.I.E.L.D. member, who Samuel L. Jackson described as Nick Fury's sidekick.^[53] Over the successive months, the film's cast expanded to include Stellan Skarsgård,^[57] Paul Bettany,^[129] and Gwyneth Paltrow.^[130] Paltrow was cast at Downey's insistence; prior to this, Whedon had not intended the film to include supporting characters from the heroes' individual films, commenting, "You need to separate the characters from their support systems in order to create the isolation you need for a team."^[131]

Filming

Production relocated to Cleveland, Ohio in August 2011, where filming transpired over a period of four weeks. The city's East 9th Street was chosen as a double for New York City's 42nd Street to be used in climactic battle scenes.^[138] Army Reserve soldiers assigned to the Columbus, Ohio-based 391st Military Police Battalion provided background action during the battle scenes in Cleveland. Staff Sergeant Michael T. Landis stated the use of real soldiers made the scenes more realistic and helped portray the military in a more positive light, explaining that, "It's easy for us to make on-the-spot corrections to tactics and uniforms, the director actually took our recommendation on one scene and let us all engage the enemy as opposed to only the gunners in the trucks engaging".^[139] Filming also took place in the large vacuum chamber at the NASA Plum Brook Station near Sandusky, Ohio.^[140] The station's Space Power Facility was used to portray a S.H.I.E.L.D. research facility.^[141] A series of explosions were filmed at the Chevrolet powertrain plant in Parma, Ohio as part of the battle sequence that began in Cleveland.^[142] Scenes from the film were also shot on Public Square and the Detroit–Superior Bridge.^[143] Public Square's southwest quadrant was turned into Stuttgart, Germany, for filming.^[144]

Principal photography concluded in New York City, where filming occurred over two days.^[145] Filming locations in New York City included Park Avenue and Central Park.^[146]^[147] For scenes taking place in Manhattan, visual effects supervisor Jake Morrison shot aerial footage for over three days to use as background plates, elaborating that his main objective was to "get as much aerial work in as possible for the audience to see the big expanses, the wide establishing shots, while also making sure that the effects work doesn't look too computer generated".^[148] "We're getting much better at making entirely computer-generated environments," Morrison explained, "but there is no substitute for starting with a real image and adding what you need."^[148]

Cinematographer Seamus McGarvey stated that he composed the frame with a 1.85:1 aspect ratio to cope with the varying heights of the main characters, explaining that "shooting 1.85:1 is kind of unusual for an epic film like this, but we needed the height in the screen to be able to frame in all the characters like Hulk, Captain America and Black Widow, who is much smaller. We had to give them all precedence and width within the frame. Also, Joss [Whedon] knew the final battle sequence was going to be this extravaganza in Manhattan, so the height and vertical scale of the buildings was going to be really important."^[150] The film was McGarvey's first venture shooting with a digital camera, the Arri Alexa.^[150] The Canon EOS 5D Mark II and Canon EOS 7D digital SLR cameras were used for some shots,^[152]^[153]^[154] and high-speed shots were captured on 35 mm film with the Arriflex 435.^[150] About his visual approach, McGarvey remarked, "Joss and I were keen on having a very visceral and naturalistic quality to the image. We wanted this to feel immersive and did not want a 'comic book look' that might distance an audience with the engagement of the film. We moved the camera a lot on Steadicam, cranes and on dollies to create kinetic images; and we chose angles that were dramatic, like low angles for heroic imagery."^[150]

Post-production

In December 2011, Disney announced that the film would be converted to 3D.^[157] Said Whedon, "I'm not a big fan of extreme long lens, talky movies – I like to see the space I'm in and relate to it, so 3D kinda fits my aesthetic anyway. And the technology has advanced so far in the past couple years." Whedon also said that "there definitely are movies that shouldn't be in 3D" but "The Avengers isn't obnoxiously 3D. There's no, 'Oh look, we're going to spend 20 minutes going through this tunnel because it's in 3D!' And no one is pointing at the screen the entire time. But it's an action movie. Things tend to hurtle toward the screen anyway".^[158] In January 2012, it was reported that the film would be digitally remastered for IMAX 3D and open in IMAX theaters on May 4, 2012, the same day it opens in regular theaters. The film's IMAX release follows Marvel's IMAX releases of Iron Man 2 and Thor.^[159]

In a May 2012 interview, Whedon said that it was his decision to include Thanos in a post-credits scene, although the character is not identified in the film. "He for me is the most powerful and fascinating Marvel villain. He's the great grand daddy of the badasses and he's in love with Death and I just think that's so cute. For me, the greatest Avengers [comic book] was Avengers Annual #7 (1977) that Jim Starlin did followed by Marvel Two-in-One Annual #2 (1977) that contained the death of Adam Warlock. Those were some of the most important texts and I think underrated milestones in Marvel history and Thanos is all over that, so somebody had to be in control and had to be behind Loki's work and I was like 'It's got to be Thanos.' And they said 'Okay' and I'm like 'Oh my God!'"^[160] An additional coda involving the Avengers eating shawarma was shot on April 12, 2012, a day after the world premiere. Evans wore a prosthetic jaw while filming the scene to cover the beard he had grown.^[161] Shawarma sales in Los Angeles, St. Louis, and Boston reportedly skyrocketed in the days following the film's release.^[162]^[163]^[164] Whedon stated the inspiration for the shawarma scene came from the events surrounding the filming of the scene where Fred dies in Wesley's arms in the Angel episode, "A Hole in the World". After filming the scene, Whedon and actors Amy Acker and Denisof, who portrayed Fred and Wesley, respectively, "went out for drinks and ended up just sitting around quietly, exhausted from the day's events," which Whedon then mimicked in the scene for the film.^[165]

The film contains more than 2,200 visual effects shots completed by 14 companies: Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), Weta Digital, Scanline VFX, Hydraulx, Fuel VFX, Evil Eye Pictures, Luma Pictures, Cantina Creative, Trixter, Modus FX, Whiskytree, Digital Domain, The Third Floor and Method Design. ILM was the lead vendor and shared responsibility for creating many of the film's key effects, including the Helicarrier, the New York cityscape, digital body doubles, Iron Man and the Hulk. To create the on-screen Hulk, Ruffalo performed in a motion-capture suit on set with the other actors while four motion-capture HD cameras (two full body, two focused on his face) captured his face and body movements.^[167] Jeff White, ILM's visual effects supervisor, said, "We really wanted to utilize everything we've developed the last 10 years and make it a pretty spectacular Hulk. One of the great design decisions was to incorporate Mark Ruffalo into the look of him. So, much of Hulk is based on Ruffalo and his performance, not only in motion capture and on set, but down to his eyes, his teeth, and his tongue."^[168]

ILM digitally recreated the vast majority of the New York cityscape used in the film. In total, ILM artists rendered an area of about ten city blocks by about four city blocks. To do this, ILM sent out a team of four photographers to take pictures of the area in a shoot that lasted 8 weeks.^[167] Tyson Bidner, the New York location manager on the film, helped by securing the rights to almost every building's likeness in the area ILM needed.^[70] Disney and Sony Pictures agreed for OsCorp Tower from The Amazing Spider-Man to be included in the film, but the idea was dropped because much of the skyline had already been completed.^[171]

Weta Digital took over duties for animating Iron Man during the forest duel from ILM. Guy Williams, Weta's visual effects supervisor, said, "We shared assets back and forth with ILM, but our pipelines are unique and it's hard for other assets to plug into it. But in this case, we got their models and we had to redo the texture spaces because the way we texture maps is different."^[168] Williams said the most difficult part was re-creating Iron Man's reflective metal surfaces.^[167]

Scanline VFX completed the reveal shots of the Helicarrier, from the moment Black Widow and Captain America arrive on the carrier deck to the point where it lifts off. Evil Eye Pictures composited digital backgrounds into shots filmed against a greenscreen for scenes taking place inside the Helicarrier. Colin Strause of Hydraulx said, "We did the opening ten minutes of the movie, other than the opening set-up in space" including Loki's arrival on Earth and subsequent escape from the S.H.I.E.L.D. base. Luma Pictures worked on shots featuring the Helicarrier's bridge and incorporated the graphic monitor displays that were developed by Cantina Creative. Fuel VFX completed shots taking place in and around Tony Stark's penthouse at Stark Tower. Digital Domain created the asteroid environment, where Loki encounters The Other.^[167] Method Design in Los Angeles created the film's closing credits. Steve Viola, creative director at Method Design, said, "This piece was a two-minute, self-contained main on end sequence created entirely in CG. For each of the shots in the sequence, we designed, modeled, textured, and lit all of the environments and many of the foreground objects. We received assets from Marvel to include in the piece, then heavily re-modeled and re-surfaced them to create a post-battle macro sequence. We also designed a custom typeface for the Main Title of The Avengers as well as 30 credits set in-scene."^[168]

Music

In November 2011, Marvel announced that Alan Silvestri, who scored Captain America: The First Avenger, would write and compose the score for The Avengers. Silvestri said, "I've worked on films where there have been a number of stars and certainly worked on films where there have been characters of equal weight in terms of their level of importance and profile in the film, but this one is somewhat extreme in that regard because each of these characters has their own world and it's a very different situation. It's very challenging to look for a way to give everyone the weight and consideration they need, but at the same time the film is really about the coming together of these characters, which implies that there is this entity called the Avengers which really has to be representative of all of them together."^[176] Silvestri developed the score with the London Symphony Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios in London, England.^[177] Whedon said, "The score is very old-fashioned, which is why [Silvestri] was letter-perfect for this movie because he can give you the heightened emotion, the [Hans Zimmer] school of 'I'm just feeling a lot right now!' but he can also be extraordinarily cue and character specific, which I love."^[177]

In March 2012, American alternative rock band Soundgarden announced through its Facebook page that its song "Live to Rise" would be included on the film's soundtrack.^[179] Additionally, the Indian rock band Agnee released a music video for its single "Hello Andheron", which serves as the theme song for the film's Indian release.^[180] Hollywood Records released the soundtrack concept album inspired by the film, Avengers Assemble, on May 1, 2012, the same day as the score.^[181]

Marketing

Trailers

The film was promoted at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International, during which a teaser trailer narrated by Samuel L. Jackson was shown followed by an introduction of the cast.^[48] In June 2011, Marvel Studios announced that it would not hold a panel at the 2011 San Diego Comic-Con International after studio executives decided it was not prepared to compete with its own past and fan expectations with filming still in production.^[183] In July 2011, a teaser trailer that was meant to be the post-credits scene of Captain America: The First Avenger was briefly leaked online. Entertainment Weekly speculated it came from a preview screening and described the footage as "shaky, fuzzy, flickering and obviously filmed on a cell phone".^[184]

In August 2011, Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios and Marvel Studios presented a look at Walt Disney Studios' upcoming film slate, which included The Avengers, at the D23 Expo in Anaheim, California. The presentation featured footage from the film and appearances by the cast members.^[185] Later in August, Disney dismissed Marvel's executive vice president of worldwide marketing, vice president of worldwide marketing and manager of worldwide marketing to bring their functions in-house.^[186]

In October 2011, Marvel Studios held a presentation at the New York Comic Con that featured new footage and a panel discussion including producer Kevin Feige and several cast members.^[187] The first full-length trailer was also released in October. Comic Book Resources said, "The two-minute teaser handily establishes the movie's premise" and is "heavy on the assembling, but fans are also treated to plenty of action, as well glimpses {{sic}} of Iron Man's new armor and, best of all, the new take on the Incredible Hulk. Naturally, Robert Downey Jr.'s Tony Stark gets the best lines".^[188] However, The Hollywood Reporter called it, "Awesome. Or it would be if we hadn't seen all of this before and expected every single thing that we saw in the trailer".^[189] The trailer, which debuted exclusively on iTunes Movie Trailers, was downloaded over 10 million times in its first 24 hours, breaking the website's record for the most-viewed trailer.^[190] This record was surpassed by the trailer for The Dark Knight Rises, which was downloaded more than 12.5 million times in its first 24 hours.^[191] The trailer received 20.4 million views in the 24 hours after it debuted.^[192] A second full-length trailer was released on iTunes in February 2012, reaching a record 13.7 million downloads in 24 hours.^[193] The theatrical trailers of The Avengers appeared with many films, including Impossible – Ghost Protocol, 21 Jump Street and The Hunger Games.^[194]

In January 2012, Marvel Studios held a global Twitter chat. The 30-minute live tweeting event featured writer/director Joss Whedon, cast members Samuel L. Jackson, Tom Hiddleston and Clark Gregg and a 10-second tease of the 30-second Super Bowl commercial that would air during Super Bowl XLVI in February.^[195] According to the Los Angeles Times, Disney paid an estimated $4 million for the 30-second spot.^[196] On May 1, 2012, executives from Marvel Studios, along with actors Tom Hiddleston and Clark Gregg, rang the opening bell of the New York Stock Exchange in honor of the film's theatrical release.^[197]

Tie-in comics

In December 2011, Marvel announced that an eight-issue comic-book prelude to the film, written by Christopher Yost and Eric Pearson with art by Luke Ross and Daniel HDR, would be released in March 2012.^[198] In February 2012, Marvel announced the release of a second limited series comic book tie-in, Black Widow Strikes written by Fred Van Lente, who wrote Captain America: First Vengeance, the comic-book prequel to Captain America: The First Avenger. The story is set between Iron Man 2 and The Avengers and follows Black Widow as she runs down some loose ends from Iron Man 2.^[199] Additionally, the title Avengers Assemble was launched in March 2012, written by Brian Michael Bendis with art by Mark Bagley and features the same Avengers line-up as the film battling a new incarnation of the supervillain team Zodiac.^[200]

Promotional partners

Paul Gitter, Marvel Entertainment's president of consumer products, commented that the build-up to the film helped strengthen retail partnerships: "Retailers have been less tolerant with [intellectual property] films, so we decided that if we started on this coordinated strategy several years ago, retailers would give us shelf space throughout the years and we would have a more sustainable position in the marketplace".^[201]

In September 2011, set photos of Robert Downey Jr. driving a new model Acura were published online. An Acura spokesperson later released a statement confirming the company's involvement with the film, "As you may know, Acura has been in the Marvel Comics Universe films as the official car of their fictional law enforcement agency called S.H.I.E.L.D. That relationship continues for The Avengers. The open-top sports car that was photographed yesterday is a one-off, fictional car that was made just for the movie and will not be produced. That said, as you may also know, our CEO has said publicly that we are studying the development of a new sportscar, but we can't say any more about it at this time."^[202] In December 2011, Acura announced that a new NSX styled along the lines of the concept built for The Avengers would be unveiled at the 2012 North American International Auto Show.^[203] A series of 10 S.H.I.E.L.D. SUVs, based on the Acura MDX with modifications by Cinema Vehicle Services, were also made for the film.^[204]

In February 2012, it was announced that Marvel has partnered with fragrance company JADS to promote The Avengers with character-based fragrances. The announcement was just ahead of the Toy Industry Association's annual February exhibition, where representatives held a sampling booth of the products.^[205] Other promotional partners include bracelet-maker Colantotte, Dr Pepper, Farmers Insurance, Harley-Davidson, Hershey, Land O'Frost lunchmeats, Oracle, Red Baron pizza, Symantec, Visa and Wyndham Hotels & Resorts. In total, Marvel and its parent-company Disney secured an estimated $100 million in worldwide marketing support for the film. Notable exclusions include Baskin-Robbins, Burger King and Dunkin' Donuts, who had partnered with Marvel in the past when their films were distributed by Paramount; Disney does not generally promote through fast food outlets.^[206]

Video game

A video game based on the film was planned for concurrent release. The game was to be a first-person shooter/brawler for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii U, and Microsoft Windows and published by THQ, with THQ Studio Australia developing the console versions and Blue Tongue Entertainment the PC version. After THQ closed both studios, the game was cancelled.^[207] Intellectual property rights for an Avengers video game reverted to Marvel, which said it was exploring potential publishing and licensing opportunities.^[208]

In May 2012, Ubisoft and Marvel Entertainment announced that they were partnering to develop a motion-controlled game titled Battle for Earth for the Wii U and Xbox 360 Kinect. The game was inspired by the "Secret Invasion" storyline and features 20 different characters.^[209] Marvel also announced a four-chapter mobile game titled Avengers Initiative, with one chapter focusing on each of Hulk, Captain America, Thor and Iron Man.^[210]

Release

Theatrical

In February 2012, Disney announced that the film's title would be changed in the United Kingdom to avoid confusion with the British TV series of the same name, as well as its 1998 film adaptation. This led to confusion over the film's actual title. Empire magazine reported that the film would be titled Marvel Avengers Assemble^[211] while The Hollywood Reporter said that it would be called simply Avengers Assemble.^[212] Marvel's UK website refers to the film as Marvel's Avengers Assemble,^[213] although David Cox of The Guardian, in arguing that it was one of the worst film titles ever, considered this to be an error in the production notes, albeit grammatically clearer.^[214] According to the British Board of Film Classification and the Irish Film Classification Office, the title is Marvel Avengers Assemble.^[3]^[8] Frank Lovece in FilmFestivalTraveler.com addressed the discrepancy, writing, "The Avengers — formally titled Marvel's The Avengers onscreen, though no apostrophe-s appears on the posters..."^[6] Producer Kevin Feige said there are only two words in the UK title, one more than in the U.S. title, and stated that "decisions like that aren't made lightly and there are lots of marketing research, lawyers and things that get into the mix on it".^[218]

The film's world premiere was April 11, 2012, at Hollywood's El Capitan Theatre.^[219] The Avengers closed the 11th Annual Tribeca Film Festival with a screening on April 28, 2012.^[220] The film received an expanded one-week theatrical push for the 2012 U.S. Labor Day weekend, increasing the number of theaters from 123 to 1,700.^[221]

Home media

The film was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment^[222]^[223] on Blu-ray Disc, Blu-ray 3D, DVD and digital download on September 25, 2012 in the United States and as early as August 29, 2012 in various international markets.^[224]^[225] Producer Kevin Feige said the Blu-ray features a new Marvel One-Shot titled Item 47 and "a number of deleted scenes and a few storylines that fell by the wayside during the editing process" including "a few more scenes with the S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Maria Hill, played by Cobie Smulders" and "some slightly different versions of Maria Hill and Nick Fury's interaction with the World Security Council".^[226]

The film was also collected in a 10-disc box set titled "Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase One – Avengers Assembled" which includes all of the Phase One films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.^[227] It was released on April 2, 2013.^[228]^[229] Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment will release the film on Ultra HD Blu-ray on August 14, 2018.^[230]

Some fans have criticized the UK DVD and Blu-ray release for omitting Joss Whedon's audio commentary, and for altering the scene involving Phil Coulson's death from the film's theatrical version.^[231] Disney's UK division said the "less graphic depiction of Agent Coulson's confrontation with Loki" occurred because "[e]ach country has its own compliance issues relative to depictions of violence. Unfortunately, another region's elements were inadvertently used to create the UK in-home release".^[231]

Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, as well as the dedicated Blu-ray Disc sales chart with 72% of unit sales coming from Blu-ray, a record for a new release in which both the DVD and Blu-ray formats were released simultaneously.^[223]

Reception

Box office

United States and Canada

The film became the third-highest-grossing film,^[235]^[244] the highest-grossing 2012 film,^[245] the highest-grossing film distributed by Disney,^[246]^[247] the highest-grossing superhero film and the highest-grossing film based on comics.^[5] It opened Friday, May 4, 2012, on around 11,800 screens across 4,349 theaters, and earned $80.8 million, marking the second-biggest opening and second-biggest single-day gross.^[249]^[250] The film's Friday gross included an $18.7 million midnight run, a record for a superhero film^[251]^[252] Without midnight grosses, the film earned the largest opening-day gross ($62.1 million).^[253]^[1] It also set a Saturday- and Sunday-gross record ($69.6 million and $57.1 million respectively).^[255]^[256]^[257] In total, it earned a total of $207,438,708 for its debut weekend, setting an opening-weekend record,^[2] including an IMAX opening-weekend record of $15.3 million^[259]^[260]^[261] and a record for opening-weekend grosses originating from 3D showings ($108 million).^[257]^[263] The opening-weekend audience was evenly split among those under and over the age of 25, with 60% of the audience male, 55% couples, 24% families and 21% teenagers.^[264] Earning $103.1 million on its second weekend, the film set a record for the largest second-weekend gross.^[265] Other records set by the film include the biggest weekend per-theater average for a wide release ($47,698 per theater),^[266] the fastest film to reach $100 million and each additional $50 million through $550 million,^[265]^[268]^[269] and the largest cumulative gross through every day of release until, and including, its forty-third day (with the exception of its first day).^[5]^[271] It remained in first place at the box office for three consecutive weekends.^[272] The film set a record for the highest monthly share, with its $532.5 million total (through May 31, 2012) accounting for 52% of the total earnings at the box office during May.^[273]

Records

Other territories

The film became the third-highest-grossing film,^[291] the highest-grossing Disney-distributed film,^[292] the highest-grossing 2012 film,^[293] and the highest-grossing superhero film.^[239] It opened Wednesday, April 25, 2012, in 10 countries, earning $17.1 million.^[295] It opened in 29 more countries on April 26 and 27, earning $73.1 million in three days.^[296] Through Sunday, April 29, it earned an opening-weekend total of $185.1 million from 39 countries.^[297] It was in first place at the box office for four consecutive weekends.^[298]^[299]^[300] The film set opening-day records in New Zealand, Malaysia and Iceland, a single-day record in the Philippines, as well as both single- and opening-day records in Singapore and in Thailand. It also earned the second-highest-grossing opening day in Australia ($6.2 million), behind Deathly Hallows – Part 2, in Mexico, in the Philippines and in Vietnam.^[194]^[295]^[296]^[304]^[305] It set opening-weekend records in many territories, including Mexico, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Taiwan, the Philippines, Hong Kong, the United Arab Emirates, Argentina,^[306] Peru and Central America.^[297]^[308]^[309]^[310] It also earned the second largest five-day opening in Australia ($20.2 million).^[297]^[312]

In the UK, Ireland and Malta, the film earned £2.5 million ($4.1 million) on its opening day^[313] and £15.8 million ($25.7 million) during the weekend,^[314] setting an opening-weekend record for a superhero film.^[305]^[316]^[6] It became the market's highest-grossing superhero film.^[318]^[319] In Latin America, it became the highest-grossing film ($207 million)^[320] and the first film to earn more than $200 million.^[321] It also became the highest-grossing film in the Philippines, in Singapore and in Indonesia.^[322]^[323]

Critical response

The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 92% approval rating with an average rating of 8.05/10 based on 342 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Thanks to a script that emphasizes its heroes' humanity and a wealth of superpowered set pieces, The Avengers lives up to its hype and raises the bar for Marvel at the movies."^[7] On Metacritic, the film achieved an average score of 69 out of 100 based on 43 reviews, signifying "generally favorable reviews".^[325] Audiences polled for CinemaScore gave the film a rare "A+" grade on an "A+ to F" scale.^[326]

The performances of several cast members was a frequent topic in the critiques. In particular, Mark Ruffalo's portrayal of Dr. Bruce Banner/the Hulk was well received by commentators. Joe Neumaier opined that his performance was superior to the rest of the cast; "Ruffalo is the revelation, turning Banner into a wry reservoir of calm ready to become a volcano."^[333] Similarly, The New Yorker{{'s}} Anthony Lane proclaimed Ruffalo's acting to be one of the film's highlights—alongside Downey.^[334] The Village Voice{{'s}} Karina Longworth concluded: "Ruffalo successfully refreshes the Hulk myth, playing Banner as an adorably bashful nerd-genius who, in contrast to the preening hunks on the team, knows better than to draw attention to himself."^[335] Travers asserted that the actor resonated a "scruffy warmth and humor" vibe,^[328] while Turan felt that he surpassed predecessors Edward Norton and Eric Bana in playing the character.^[330] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly wrote that "the smartest thing the filmmakers did was to get Mark Ruffalo to play Bruce Banner as a man so sensitive that he's at war, every moment, with himself. (The film finally solves the Hulk problem: He's a lot more fun in small doses.)"^[338]

Referring to Downey, Joe Morgenstein of The Wall Street Journal—despite complimenting Downey's performance—favored his work in Iron Man over his acting in The Avengers: "His Iron Man is certainly a team player, but Mr. Downey comes to the party with two insuperable superpowers: a character of established sophistication—the industrialist/inventor Tony Stark, a sharp-tongued man of the world—and his own quicksilver presence that finds its finest expression in self-irony."^[339] Neumaier praised Evans, stating that he accurately conveyed his character's internal conflicts.^[333]

Commentators appreciated the character development and dialogue. Associated Press reviewer Christy Lemire wrote that the script "sparkles as brightly as the special effects; these people may be wearing ridiculous costumes but they're well fleshed-out underneath."^[341] Scott suggested that certain parts of the film permeated a charm that he felt was similar to the western film Rio Bravo (1959).^[332] Longworth felt that while Whedon's script demonstrated the backstory of the characters, the film does not explore it "in a substantive way".^[335]

Accolades

Sequels

Avengers: Age of Ultron

A sequel, titled Avengers: Age of Ultron,^[354] written and directed by Whedon,^[355] was released on May 1, 2015.^[356] Much of the cast returns, with the addition of Elizabeth Olsen as Scarlet Witch, Aaron Taylor-Johnson as Quicksilver, Paul Bettany as Vision, and James Spader as Ultron.^[357]

Avengers: Infinity War

Avengers: Endgame

See also

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=jurassicpark4.htm|title=Jurassic World (2015) - Daily Box Office Results|work=Box Office Mojo|accessdate=December 20, 2015}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=4069&p=.htm|title='Jurassics World|author=Keith Simanton|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=(Amazon.com)|date=June 15, 2015|accessdate=June 16, 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/month/?mo=05&p=.htm|title=TOP OPENING WEEKENDS BY MONTH: May|work=Box Office Mojo|accessdate=June 16, 2015}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/genres/chart/?id=superhero.htm|title=Box office by genre: Superhero|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=(Amazon.com)|accessdate=July 11, 2015}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/genres/chart/?id=superhero.htm&sort=opengross&order=DESC&p=.htm|title=Box office by genre: Superhero Openings|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=(Amazon.com)|accessdate=December 20, 2015}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/04/international-box-office-avengers-age-of-ultron-furious-7-paul-blart-home-1201416588/|title=‘Avengers: Age Of Ultron’ Blasts Off With $201.2M At International Box Office|author=Nancy Tartaglione|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=April 26, 2015|accessdate=April 26, 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Marvel's The Avengers (2012)|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/marvels_the_avengers/|publisher=Fandango Media|work=Rotten Tomatoes|accessdate=November 25, 2018}}
8. ^¹²³{{cite web |title=Marvel Avengers Assemble |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/BFF285236/ |publisher=British Board of Film Classification |accessdate=April 20, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6746slURm?url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/BFF285236/ |archivedate=April 20, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
9. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://ew.com/article/2011/09/30/avengers-your-first-look-dream-team/|title='The Avengers': Your first look at the dream team!|last=Breznican|first=Anthony|date=September 30, 2011|accessdate=January 17, 2017|website=Entertainment Weekly|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6nalW6CE9?url=http://ew.com/article/2011/09/30/avengers-your-first-look-dream-team/|archivedate=January 17, 2017|deadurl=no|quote=At risk is not only the movie's estimated $220 million budget, but also one of the most promising tent pole franchises in Hollywood.}}
10. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web|title=The Avengers (2012) |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=avengers11.htm |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=May 19, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bsi7ABu5?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=avengers11.htm |archivedate=November 2, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
11. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://filmfestivaltraveler.com/film-arts/25-interviews/1980-director-joss-whedon-hails-qthe-avengersq | title=Whedon Talks Avengers|first=Frank|last=Lovece|authorlink=Frank Lovece|publisher=FilmFestivalTraveler.com|date=May 8, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67VwAanBS?url=http://filmfestivaltraveler.com/film-a-arts/53-interviews/2095-whedon-talks-avengers|archivedate=May 8, 2012|deadurl=no}}
12. ^¹²{{cite web |title=Marvel Avengers Assemble |url=http://www.ifco.ie/website/ifco/ifcoweb.nsf/SearchViewFilm/948629C6A532F747802579DF004C399C?OpenDocument&OpenUp=True |publisher=Irish Film Classification Office |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67L3Fp834?url=http://www.ifco.ie/website/ifco/ifcoweb.nsf/SearchViewFilm/948629C6A532F747802579DF004C399C?OpenDocument&OpenUp=True |archivedate=May 1, 2012 |accessdate=May 1, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
13. ^¹²³⁴{{cite press release|url=http://www.superherohype.com/news/ironmannews.php?id=7763 |title=Downey Jr., Favreau & Cheadle Suit Up for The Avengers|publisher=Marvel.com via Superhero Hype|date=October 28, 2008|accessdate=April 14, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yDfh7m8P?url=http://www.superherohype.com/features/articles/97649-downey-jr-favreau--cheadle-suit-up-for-the-avengers |archivedate=April 25, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
14. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web |last=Breznican |first=Anthony |date=September 29, 2011 |title= {{-'}}The Avengers' Dis-Assembled! Exclusive Cast Portraits Revealed |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/09/29/the-avengers-dis-assembled-exclusive-cast-portraits-revealed/ |work=Entertainment Weekly |accessdate=July 29, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/624KaS4rJ?url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/09/29/the-avengers-dis-assembled-exclusive-cast-portraits-revealed/ |archivedate=July 29, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
15. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal|last=Adamek|first=Pauline|date=January–February 2012|title=Avengers Assemble!|journal=Filmink|pages=70–75|publisher=FKP International Exports}}
16. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118016757.html |title=Chris Evans to play 'Captain America{{'-}} |first=Marc |last=Graser |work=Variety |date=March 22, 2010 |accessdate=April 14, 2010 |archivedate=April 25, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yDf7jzfG?url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118016757?refCatId=13 |deadurl=no |df= }}
17. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/04/25/captain-america-avengers-chris-evans-iron-man|title=EXCLUSIVE: 'Captain America' Star Talks 'Avengers,' Looks Forward To 'Friction' With Iron Man|last=Marshall|first=Rick|date=April 25, 2011|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=April 27, 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zxBnzavF?url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/04/25/captain-america-avengers-chris-evans-iron-man|archivedate=July 5, 2011|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}}
18. ^¹²{{cite web|authorlink=Nikki Finke|last=Finke|first=Nikki|url=http://www.deadline.com/2010/07/toldja-marvel-ruffalo-reach-hulk-deal|title=Toldja! Marvel & Ruffalo Ink Hulk Deal|date=July 23, 2010|website=Deadline Hollywood|accessdate=July 23, 2010|archivedate=April 25, 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yDfrDrMs?url=http://www.deadline.com/2010/07/toldja-marvel-ruffalo-reach-hulk-deal/|deadurl=no}}
19. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2010/07/29/avengers-new-hulk-mark-ruffalo|title={{-'}}Avengers': New Hulk Mark Ruffalo on replacing Edward Norton, plus Oscar buzz for 'The Kids Are All Right{{'-}}|last=Jensen|first=Jeff|date=July 29, 2010|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=August 2, 2010 |archivedate=August 2, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yF72hS8x?url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2010/07/29/avengers-new-hulk-mark-ruffalo/ |deadurl=no}}
20. ^¹{{cite news|author=Jimmy Kimmel Live! |title=Mark Ruffalo on Jimmy Kimmel Live PART 2 |publisher=YouTube |date=April 26, 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IJE4H2vRr4 |accessdate=April 28, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zxBoFszX?url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IJE4H2vRr4 |archivedate=July 5, 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}
21. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/09/mark_ruffalo_on_actually_playi.html|title=Mark Ruffalo on 'Actually' Playing the Hulk in The Avengers|last=Vilensky|first=Mike|date=September 24, 2010|work=New York|accessdate=September 25, 2010 |archivedate=April 26, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yF7IcsHQ?url=http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/09/mark_ruffalo_on_actually_playi.html |deadurl=no}}
22. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/incredible_hunk_nnFFp47gmyJfAOlsBD7o3I|title=LI bouncer and male stripper did CGI work as the Hulk in 'The Avengers{{'-}} |work=New York Post|first=Emily|last=Smith|date= May 4, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67QJLc6m5?url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/incredible_hunk_nnFFp47gmyJfAOlsBD7o3I|archivedate=May 4, 2012|deadurl=no}}
23. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=36742 |title=Leterrier: Mark Ruffalo Nearly My Hulk |work=Empire |first=Phil |last=de Semlyen |date=March 8, 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6F4P9luTa?url=http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=36742 |archivedate=March 12, 2013 |deadurl=no |df= }}
24. ^¹Supervising Sound Editor, Sound Designer, and Re-recording Mixer Christopher Boyes at 3:22 of video interview, {{cite web | title=The Sound of the Avengers|publisher=SoundWorks Collection (Colemanfilm Media Group)| url=http://soundworkscollection.com/theavengers | date=2012 | quote = Finally I thought, 'I just have to work with human voices.' ... I just started playing combinations and I would give them 10 to 15 variations of roars. And Joss listened to them and came back and said, 'I like this one,' and I went back and I looked at the ingredients of what was in that one. Turned out to be Mark Ruffalo, some Lou Ferrigno and a little bit of me and two people from New Zealand. So I led with that and I started using those combinations but changing it up. But the great thing was that Mark Ruffalo had done an incredible [unintelligible] of variety so I was always blending him in. ... Lou Ferrigno seemed to have a real knack for just who this character was. ... They were always a component of it. |accessdate=June 5, 2012 |archivedate=June 5, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68C9nfvSB?url=http://soundworkscollection.com/theavengers |deadurl=no}}
25. ^¹{{cite news|author=Alexander, Bryan |title=Assembling all the answers for 'Avengers' fans|work=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/story/2012-05-10/secrets-of-the-avengers-spoilers/54864850/1|date=May 10, 2012|accessdate=May 26, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67xDgoWIi?url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/story/2012-05-10/secrets-of-the-avengers-spoilers/54864850/1|archivedate=May 26, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
26. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.firstshowing.net/2009/06/07/profile-on-marvel-studios-with-big-updates-from-kevin-feige|title=Profile on Marvel Studios with Big Updates from Kevin Feige |first=Alex |last=Bellington|publisher=First Showing|date=June 7, 2009|accessdate=April 14, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zva6hNsx?url=http://www.firstshowing.net/2009/06/07/profile-on-marvel-studios-with-big-updates-from-kevin-feige |archivedate=July 4, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
27. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2010/07/26/chris-hemsworth-shares-joss-whedons-fascination-with-avengers-drama/#more-38230 |title=Comic-Con: Chris Hemsworth Shares Joss Whedon's Fascination With Avengers Drama |author=Brian Warmoth |publisher=MTV News |date=July 26, 2010 |accessdate=July 26, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zx6kglPd?url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2010/07/26/chris-hemsworth-shares-joss-whedons-fascination-with-avengers-drama/#more-38230 |archivedate=July 5, 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}
28. ^¹{{cite news| title=Avengers Flick Update: Where's the Script?|last1=Malkin|first1=Marc|last2=Malec|first2=Brett |url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/marc_malkin/b216448_avengers_flick_update_wheres_script.html |publisher=E! |date=December 17, 2010 |accessdate=January 5, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zx6nTej1?url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/marc_malkin/b216448_avengers_flick_update_wheres_script.html |archivedate=July 5, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
29. ^¹²{{cite web |url=http://www.deadline.com/2009/03/another-iron-man-2-exclusive-scarlett-johannson-will-replace-emily-blunt-in-iron-man-2|title=Another 'Iron Man 2' Deal: Scarlett Johansson to Replace Emily Blunt as Black Widow for Lousy Lowball Money |first=Nikki|last=Finke|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 11, 2009|accessdate=April 14, 2010|archivedate=April 25, 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yDg3GmuW?url=http://www.deadline.com/2009/03/another-iron-man-2-exclusive-scarlett-johannson-will-replace-emily-blunt-in-iron-man-2/|deadurl=no}}
30. ^¹{{cite web |last=Biskind |first=Peter |date=December 2011 |title=A Study in Scarlett |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/features/2011/12/scarlett-johansson-201112 |work=Vanity Fair |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/63MX9meNm?url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/features/2011/12/scarlett-johansson-201112 |archivedate=November 21, 2011 |deadurl=no |accessdate=November 21, 2011}}
31. ^¹²{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2010/06/04/us-renner-idUSTRE65310E20100604|title=Jeremy Jeremy Renner near deal to join Marvel's 'Avengers{{'-}}|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|last2=Kit|first2=Zorianna|date=June 4, 2010 |agency=Reuters|accessdate=July 27, 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/60UTnWqQ5?url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/06/04/us-renner-idUSTRE65310E20100604|archivedate=July 27, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
32. ^¹{{cite web|author=Corinne Heller|url=http://www.ontheredcarpet.com/2010/07/joss-whedon-on-the-avengers-jeremy-renner-confirmed-as-hawkeye.html|title=Joss Whedon talks 'The Avengers': Jeremy Renner also confirmed as 'Hawkeye' (Exclusive)|date=July 23, 2010|publisher=OnTheRedCarpet.com|accessdate=July 24, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zx6jBXPP?url=http://www.ontheredcarpet.com/2010/07/joss-whedon-on-the-avengers-jeremy-renner-confirmed-as-hawkeye.html |archivedate=July 5, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
33. ^¹{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2010/09/17/jeremy-renner-on-the-town-the-avengers-and-the-new-mission-impossible|title=Jeremy Renner on 'The Town,' 'The Avengers' and the New 'Mission: Impossible{{'-}}|last=Farley|first=Christopher John|date=September 17, 2010|work=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=September 18, 2010|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zx6liDtR?url=http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2010/09/17/jeremy-renner-on-the-town-the-avengers-and-the-new-mission-impossible|archivedate=July 5, 2011|deadurl=no}}
34. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.iamrogue.com/news/movie-news/item/3534-exclusive-tom-hiddleston-discusses-lokis-role-in-the-avengers.html|title=Exclusive: Tom Hiddleston Discusses Loki's Role in 'The Avengers{{'-}}|last=Philbrick|first=Jami|date=May 1, 2011|publisher=IAmRogue.com|accessdate=May 1, 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zxBoOBUw?url=http://www.iamrogue.com/news/movie-news/item/3534-exclusive-tom-hiddleston-discusses-lokis-role-in-the-avengers.html|archivedate=July 5, 2011|deadurl=no}}
35. ^¹{{cite web|date=August 20, 2011|author=THR staff|title={{-'}}Avengers' Tom Hiddleston Talks the Return of Loki (Video)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-tom-hiddleston-talks-return-225649|work=The Hollywood Reporter|quote=(from video) At the beginning of The Avengers, he comes to earth to subjugate it and his idea is to rule the human race as their king. And like all the delusional autocrats of human history, he thinks this is a great idea because if everyone is busy worshipping him, there will be no wars so he will create some kind of world peace by ruling them as a tyrant. But he is also kind of deluded in the fact that he thinks unlimited power will give him self-respect so I haven't let go of the fact that he is still motivated by this terrible jealousy and kind of spiritual desolation. |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/618UtAbKg?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-tom-hiddleston-talks-return-225649 |archivedate=August 22, 2011 |deadurl=no |accessdate=August 22, 2011}}
36. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.deadline.com/2010/07/star-wattage-marvel-assembles-the-avengers-for-comic-con-panel|title=Marvel-ous Star Wattage: Actors Assemble For Comic-Con Panel Including 'The Avengers', 'Captain America', & 'Thor{{'-}}|date=July 24, 2010|website=Deadline Hollywood|accessdate=July 25, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zx6k1EnB?url=http://www.deadline.com/2010/07/star-wattage-marvel-assembles-the-avengers-for-comic-con-panel |archivedate=July 5, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
37. ^¹{{cite web|date=May 3, 2012|first=Albert|last=Ching|title=Clark Gregg Takes Agent Coulson to AVENGERS and Beyond|url=http://www.newsarama.com/film/clark-gregg-agent-coulson-avengers.html|publisher=Newsarama|accessdate=May 9, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67X5Xey6K?url=http://www.newsarama.com/film/clark-gregg-agent-coulson-avengers.html|archivedate=May 9, 2012|deadurl=no}}
38. ^¹²{{cite web |date=May 2, 2012 |first=Josie |last=Campbell |title=Clark Gregg on 'The Avengers' & the Evolution of Agent Coulson |url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=38207 |publisher=Comic Book Resources |accessdate=May 9, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67X5mBgvP?url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=38207 |archivedate=May 9, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
39. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://blog.zap2it.com/pop2it/2011/03/avengers-star-cobie-smulders-on-spending-her-hiatus-in-a-catsuit.html |title={{-'}}Avengers' star Cobie Smulders on spending her hiatus in a catsuit |last=O'Connell |first=Mikey |publisher=Zap2It.com |date=March 25, 2011 |accessdate=March 25, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zx6rWZsv?url=http://blog.zap2it.com/pop2it/2011/03/avengers-star-cobie-smulders-on-spending-her-hiatus-in-a-catsuit.html |archivedate=July 5, 2011 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy-all }}
40. ^¹²{{cite web |date=February 3, 2011 |last=Kit |first=Borys |title={{-'}}V' Star Morena Baccarin Among Actresses on 'Avengers' Shortlist (Exclusive) |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/blogs/heat-vision/v-star-morena-baccarin-actresses-95741 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |accessdate=February 3, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5wE8wQt12?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/blogs/heat-vision/v-star-morena-baccarin-actresses-95741?utm_source%3Dtwitterfeed%26utm_medium%3Dtwitter |archivedate=February 3, 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
41. ^¹²{{cite news|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118031688|title=Cobie Smulders joins 'Avengers' cast|first=Marc|last=Graser|work=Variety|date=February 7, 2011|accessdate=February 7, 2011 |archivedate=April 25, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yDfEndIX?url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118031688 |deadurl=no}}
42. ^¹{{Cite episode |title=The Best Man |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-met-your-mother/id464893076?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 |accessdate=September 24, 2011 |series=How I Met Your Mother Podcast |serieslink=How I Met Your Mother |network=CBS |airdate=September 20, 2011 |season=7 |number=1 |time=7:40}}
43. ^¹{{cite web|date=August 21, 2011|last=Ford|first=Rebecca|title={{-'}}The Avengers' at D23: Cobie Smulders Reveals the Scene that Made her Sweat (Video)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-at-d23-cobie-smulders-225731|work=The Hollywood Reporter|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/617zglAKM?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-at-d23-cobie-smulders-225731|archivedate=August 22, 2011 |deadurl=no |accessdate=August 22, 2011}}
44. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.expressen.se/noje/film/1.2351661/stellan-skarsgard-klar-for-ny-superhjaltefilm|title=Stellan Skarsgård klar för ny superhjältefilm|work=Expressen|language=Swedish|quote=The Avengers is the dream team of superheroes, a group consisting of among others Iron Man, the Hulk, Captain America and Thor. The film is planned to premier in 3D in May of next year. Stellan Skarsgård confirms to TT Spektra that he will play the same role as in the upcoming Thor: Doctor Selvig. Not much is yet known about the character apart from that Selvig is a scientist in New Mexico.|date=March 3, 2011|accessdate=March 3, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zx6odEiZ?url=http://www.expressen.se/noje/film/1.2351661/stellan-skarsgard-klar-for-ny-superhjaltefilm |archivedate=July 5, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
45. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.iamrogue.com/news/interviews/item/4702-iar-exclusive-interview-stellan-skarsgard-talks-the-avengers-the-girl-with-the-dragon-tattoo-and-melancholia.html|title=IAR Exclusive Interview: Stellan Skarsgard talks 'The Avengers,' 'The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo,' and 'Melancholia'|work=I am Rogue|first=Jami|last=Philbrick|date= August 31, 2011|accessdate=June 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BsqTr8Dh?url=http://www.iamrogue.com/news/interviews/item/4702-iar-exclusive-interview-stellan-skarsgard-talks-the-avengers-the-girl-with-the-dragon-tattoo-and-melancholia.html |archivedate=November 2, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
46. ^¹²{{cite news|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118000573.html |title=Samuel Jackson joins 'Iron' cast |first=Michael |last=Fleming |work=Variety |date=February 25, 2009 |accessdate=April 14, 2010 |archivedate=April 25, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yDhMjeCo?url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118000573?refCatId=1236 |deadurl=no |df= }}
47. ^¹{{cite news|date=August 4, 2011|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/14404633|title=Samuel L. Jackson script for Avengers movie 'stolen{{'-}} |publisher=BBC Radio|accessdate=April 9, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BsqbWnvM?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/14404633 |archivedate=November 2, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
48. ^¹{{cite news |date=May 2, 2012 |last=Schwartz |first=Terri |title="The Avengers" has two post-credit scenes, mystery actor revealed |url=http://www.ifc.com/fix/2012/05/the-avengers-post-credit-scenes |work=IFC |accessdate=May 6, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67Vds23sV?url=http://www.ifc.com/fix/2012/05/the-avengers-post-credit-scenes |archivedate=May 8, 2012 |deadurl=no }}
49. ^¹{{cite news|title=Earth's mightiest heroes succeed in The Avengers|newspaper=The Australian|date=April 26, 2012|accessdate=August 22, 2012|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/film/earths-mightiest-heroes-succeed/story-e6frg8pf-1226338286919|first=David|last=Stratton|authorlink=David Stratton }}
50. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/edward-norton-talks-avengers-he-743265|title=Edward Norton Offers New Explanation for Not Playing Hulk in 'Avengers' Films|last=Gajewski|first=Ryan|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=October 23, 2014|accessdate=October 27, 2014|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Tdm9l7tl?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/edward-norton-talks-avengers-he-743265|archivedate=October 27, 2014|deadurl=no}}
51. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://io9.com/5595293/will-joss-whedons-avengers-movie-include-marvels-civil-war-we-asked-him|title=Joss Whedon says Captain America and Iron Man won't be pals in his "Avengers|first=Meredith|last=Woerner|publisher=io9|date=July 24, 2010|accessdate=August 31, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725202143/http://io9.com/5595293/will-joss-whedons-avengers-movie-include-marvels-civil-war-we-asked-him |archivedate=July 25, 2010 |deadurl=no}}
52. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117921854.html |title=Marvel touts Par's hero worship |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |work=Variety |date=April 28, 2005 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/60tBDuloX?url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117921854?refCatId=1350 |archivedate=August 12, 2011 |accessdate=August 12, 2011 |deadurl=no |quote=Marvel Enterprises took care of the past, future and present Thursday as it declared independence by pacting with Merrill Lynch to produce a slate of films that will be distributed by Par and, separately, agreed to pay iconic comicbook creator Stan Lee a $10 million settlement. |df= }}
53. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.cinematical.com/2006/09/14/marvel-avengers-update |title=Marvel Avengers Update|date=September 14, 2006|publisher=Cinematical|accessdate=August 2, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zva1BydW?url=http://www.cinematical.com/2006/09/14/marvel-avengers-update |archivedate=July 4, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
54. ^¹{{cite news|last=Kit|first=Borys|date=June 14, 2007|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2007/06/15/film-avengers-dc-idUSN1439793620070615|title="Avengers" are heroes on horizon|agency=Reuters|accessdate=April 26, 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zva1JlS4?url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/06/15/film-avengers-dc-idUSN1439793620070615|archivedate=July 4, 2011|deadurl=no}}
55. ^¹{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=a4QS2Pyn4T3M&refer=us |title=Lions Gate, Marvel Reach Accords With Striking Film, TV Writers |last1=White |first1=Michael |last2=Fixmer |first2=Andy |publisher=Bloomberg |date=January 25, 2008 |accessdate=April 14, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zva4wVY5?url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=a4QS2Pyn4T3M&refer=us |archivedate=July 4, 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}
56. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.superherohype.com/features/articles/96489-marvel-studios-sets-four-more-release-dates|title=Marvel Studios Sets Four More Release Dates!|publisher=SuperheroHype.com|date=May 5, 2008|accessdate=April 14, 2010|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zva53o8q?url=http://www.superherohype.com/features/articles/96489-marvel-studios-sets-four-more-release-dates|archivedate=July 4, 2011|deadurl=no}}
57. ^¹{{cite news| title=Paramount, Marvel ink new distrib deal |first=Jay A. |last=Fernandez |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3if965d7b680521402238dbeccba1cd031 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=September 28, 2008 |accessdate=April 14, 2010 |archivedate=October 3, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003005834/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3if965d7b680521402238dbeccba1cd031 |deadurl=yes}}
58. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/01/21/war-machine-movie-don-cheadle-avengers|title=Don Cheadle Says 'War Machine' Movie Has A Writer, Won't Show Up In 'Avengers{{'-}}|last=Marshall|first=Rick|date=January 21, 2011|publisher=MTV News|accessdate=January 21, 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zx6nwqVL?url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/01/21/war-machine-movie-don-cheadle-avengers|archivedate=July 5, 2011|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}}
59. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i3ccdd00902078c244d32d5b416e56215|title=Marvel signs long-term lease with Raleigh|first=Borys|last=Kit|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=October 6, 2008|accessdate=April 14, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203204617/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i3ccdd00902078c244d32d5b416e56215 |archivedate=December 3, 2008 |deadurl=yes}}
60. ^¹{{cite news|publisher=YouTube |title=Nuke The Fridge Interviews Lou Ferrigno |date=December 16, 2008 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmLT0tmSrWY |accessdate=May 16, 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yDgoZif9?url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmLT0tmSrWY |archivedate=April 25, 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}
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62. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2009/10/14/exclusive-jon-favreau-wont-direct-avengers-explains-iron-man-2-tie-in-process|title=EXCLUSIVE: Jon Favreau Won't Direct 'Avengers,' Explains 'Iron Man 2' Tie-In Process|author=Rick Marshall|publisher=MTV News|date=October 14, 2009|accessdate=April 14, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zva7xlGi?url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2009/10/14/exclusive-jon-favreau-wont-direct-avengers-explains-iron-man-2-tie-in-process |archivedate=July 4, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
63. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://news.moviefone.com/2009/03/12/new-dates-for-thor-captain-america-and-the-avengers/|title=New Dates for Thor, Captain America, and The Avengers|author=Jessica Barnes|publisher=Cinematical|date=March 12, 2009|accessdate=April 14, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zva6WVtF?url=http://www.cinematical.com/2009/03/12/new-dates-for-thor-captain-america-and-the-avengers |archivedate=July 4, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
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66. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2010/03/03/first-draft-of-avengers-script-completed|title=First Draft Of 'Avengers' Script Completed|first=Blair|last=Marnell|publisher=MTV News|date=March 3, 2010|accessdate=April 14, 2010|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zva8XIPg?url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2010/03/03/first-draft-of-avengers-script-completed|archivedate=July 4, 2011|deadurl=no}}
67. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118017689.html |title=Whedon to head 'Avengers{{'-}} |first=Marc |last=Graser |work=Variety |date=April 13, 2010 |accessdate=April 14, 2010 |archivedate=April 25, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yDehLvaA?url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118017689?refCatId=10 |deadurl=no |df= }}
68. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.in/Joss-Whedon-Was-Brutally-Honest-When-He-Saw-The-Original-Avengers-Script/articleshow/38612600.cms|title=Joss Whedon Was Brutally Honest When He Saw The Original 'Avengers' Script|last=Lubin|first=Gus|work=Business Insider|date=July 18, 2014|accessdate=July 21, 2014|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6RFNvuqRZ?url=http://www.businessinsider.in/Joss-Whedon-Was-Brutally-Honest-When-He-Saw-The-Original-Avengers-Script/articleshow/38612600.cms|archivedate=July 22, 2014|deadurl=no}}
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73. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.hitfix.com/blogs/2008-12-6-motion-captured/posts/exclusive-edward-norton-is-not-the-hulk-in-the-avengers-but-he-d-like-to-be|title=Exclusive: Edward Norton is not the Hulk in 'The Avengers'. . . but he'd like to be|first=Drew|last=McWeeny|publisher=HitFix.com|date=July 9, 2010|accessdate=July 9, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zva9lcPq?url=http://www.hitfix.com/blogs/2008-12-6-motion-captured/posts/exclusive-edward-norton-is-not-the-hulk-in-the-avengers-but-he-d-like-to-be |archivedate=July 4, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
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76. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.superherohype.com/news/articles/105479-the-avengers-to-start-filming-in-february|title=The Avengers to Start Filming in February|date=August 10, 2010|publisher=SuperheroHype.com|accessdate=August 10, 2010|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zx6l14o6?url=http://www.superherohype.com/news/articles/105479-the-avengers-to-start-filming-in-february|archivedate=July 5, 2011|deadurl=no}}
77. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.showbiz411.com/2010/08/10/marvel-movie-the-avengers-will-be-in-3-d|title=Joss Marvel Movie 'The Avengers' Will Be in...3 D!|last=Friedman|first=Roger|date=August 10, 2010|publisher=Showbiz 411|accessdate=August 10, 2010|archivedate=April 25, 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yDfSKRy6?url=http://www.showbiz411.com/2010/08/10/marvel-movie-the-avengers-will-be-in-3d|deadurl=no}}
78. ^¹{{cite web |date=July 15, 2011 |last=Ruffalo |first=Mark |authorlink=Mark Ruffalo |title=@Zack_Parks AVengers is not being shot in 3D. |url=https://twitter.com/Mruff221/status/81145786494234626 |publisher=Twitter |accessdate=December 23, 2011 }}
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81. ^¹{{cite news |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118025864.html?categoryId=13&cs=1 |title=Disney, Paramount restructure Marvel deal |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |work=Variety |date=October 18, 2010 |accessdate=October 18, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zxBn7VD8?url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118025864.html?categoryId=13&cs=1 |archivedate=July 5, 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}
82. ^¹²{{cite news |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118044282 |title=Why Par, not Disney, gets 'Avengers' credit |first=Marc |last=Graser |work=Variety |date=October 11, 2011 |accessdate=October 12, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62NajSZYC?url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118044282 |archivedate=October 12, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
83. ^¹²{{cite news |url=http://www.nmfilm.com/article.php?id=1644&title=Governor+Bill+Richardson+and+Marvel+Studios+Announce+Largest+Movie+Production+in+New+Mexico+History |title=Governor Bill Richardson and Marvel Studios Announce Largest Movie Production in New Mexico History |publisher=Film New Mexico |accessdate=December 23, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zx6mamWG?url=http://www.nmfilm.com/article.php?id=1644&title=Governor+Bill+Richardson+and+Marvel+Studios+Announce+Largest+Movie+Production+in+New+Mexico+History |archivedate=July 5, 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
84. ^¹{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/freep/access/2272027331.html?FMT=ABS&date=Feb+21%2C+2011 |title=Film producers not waiting to see how governor cuts tax incentives |last1=Hammerstein |first1=B.J. |last2=Hinds |first2=Julie |work=Detroit Free Press |date=February 21, 2011 |accessdate=February 21, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508233942/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/freep/access/2272027331.html?FMT=ABS&date=Feb%2021%2C%202011 |archivedate=May 8, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
85. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2011/03/upcoming_avengers_movie_will_b.html|title=Upcoming 'Avengers' movie will be filmed in Cleveland|last=Sangiacomo|first=Michael|work=The Plain Dealer|location=Cleveland, Ohio|date=March 3, 2011|accessdate=March 3, 2011 |archivedate=April 25, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yDgzCs9b?url=http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2011/03/upcoming_avengers_movie_will_b.html |deadurl=no}}
86. ^¹{{cite web |date=March 1, 2012 |title=Essential Avengers: Designing Iron Man |url= http://marvel.com/news/story/18213/essential_avengers_designing_iron_man |publisher=Marvel.com |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65s7LXG3s?url=http://marvel.com/news/story/18213/essential_avengers_designing_iron_man |archivedate=March 2, 2012 |deadurl=no |accessdate=March 2, 2012}}
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90. ^¹{{cite web |first=Matt |last=Donnelly |date=April 17, 2012 |title=How Gwyneth Paltrow was recruited for 'The Avengers' |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-gwyneth-paltrow-avengers,0,311022.story |work=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=June 23, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68duJTU9q?url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-gwyneth-paltrow-avengers,0,311022.story |archivedate=June 23, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
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92. ^¹{{cite web|title={{-'}}Avengers' Stuntman – SCALPED During 30-Foot Fall|url=http://www.tmz.com/2011/06/27/avengers-stuntman-scalped-fall-stunt-gone-wrong-jeremy-renner-jeremy-fitzgerald-photo-bloody-hair-head/|publisher=TMZ|date=June 27, 2011|accessdate=June 27, 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67QNw5QdU?url=http://collider.com/joss-whedon-the-avengers-cast-interview/159372/|archivedate=July 5, 2011|deadurl=no}}
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96. ^¹{{cite web |author=Sgt. 1st Class Mark Bell |date=November 7, 2011 |title=Captain America, Reserve Soldiers share big screen |url=http://www.army.mil/article/68834/Captain_America__Reserve_Soldiers_share_big_screen/ |publisher=United States Army |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6334zhlHD?url=http://www.army.mil/article/68834/Captain_America__Reserve_Soldiers_share_big_screen/ |archivedate=November 8, 2011 |accessdate=November 7, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
97. ^¹{{cite web |last=Jackson |first=Tom |date=August 9, 2011 |title= {{-'}}Avengers' filming starts at Plum Brook |url=http://www.sanduskyregister.com/sandusky/news/2011/aug/08/avengers-filming-starts-plum-brook |work=Sandusky Register | location= Sandusky, Ohio |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/60oJGLxwe?url=http://www.sanduskyregister.com/sandusky/news/2011/aug/08/avengers-filming-starts-plum-brook |archivedate=August 9, 2011 |accessdate=August 9, 2011 |deadurl=yes}}
98. ^¹{{cite web |last=Jackson |first=Tom |date=August 11, 2011 |title=NASA Plum Brook cast as S.H.I.E.L.D. research facility in the 'Avengers' film |url=http://www.sanduskyregister.com/perkins-twp/news/2011/aug/11/nasa-plum-brook-cast-shield-research-facility-avengers-film |work=Sandusky Register| location = Sandusky, Ohio |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/60rcZ6LnU?url=http://www.sanduskyregister.com/perkins-twp/news/2011/aug/11/nasa-plum-brook-cast-shield-research-facility-avengers-film |archivedate=August 11, 2011 |accessdate=August 11, 2011 |deadurl=yes}}
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104. ^¹{{cite web |date=September 3, 2011 |title=Scarlett Johansson is all smiles as she gets back to work on her new film The Avengers |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2033243/Scarlett-Johansson-smiles-gets-work-The-Avengers.html |work=Daily Mail| location = London |accessdate=September 3, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/61dwTmCa6?url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2033243/Scarlett-Johansson-smiles-gets-work-The-Avengers.html |archivedate=September 12, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
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107. ^¹{{cite web|last=Ford |first=Rebecca|title= {{-'}}Avengers' D.P. Says He Did Not Use iPhone on the Film|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-dp-scenes-filmed-iphone-252083|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=October 21, 2011|accessdate=May 3, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67Vf34Bxb?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-dp-scenes-filmed-iphone-252083|archivedate=May 8, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
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110. ^¹{{cite web |date=December 22, 2011 |title=Disney Tweaks 'The Avengers,' 'Frozen' Release Schedule |url=http://www.deadline.com/2011/12/disney-tweaks-the-avengers-frozen-release-schedule/ |website=Deadline Hollywood |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/649B4Wrs0?url=http://www.deadline.com/2011/12/disney-tweaks-the-avengers-frozen-release-schedule/ |archivedate=December 23, 2011 |deadurl=no |accessdate=December 23, 2011}}
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115. ^¹{{cite news|title= {{-'}}The Avengers': Shawarma Sales SKYROCKET in L.A.|url=http://www.tmz.com/2012/05/08/avengers-movie-shawarma/|accessdate=May 9, 2012|publisher=TMZ.com|date=May 8, 2012 |archivedate=November 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bsu5Ea3t?url=http://www.tmz.com/2012/05/08/avengers-movie-shawarma/ |deadurl=no}}
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123. ^¹{{cite web |last=Storm |first=Marc |date=November 16, 2011 |title=Alan Silvestri to Score Marvel's The Avengers |url=http://marvel.com/news/story/17069/alan_silvestri_to_score_marvels_the_avengers |publisher=Marvel.com |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/63GkICdnk?url=http://marvel.com/news/story/17069/alan_silvestri_to_score_marvels_the_avengers |archivedate=November 17, 2011 |accessdate=November 17, 2011}}
124. ^¹²{{cite web|first= Steve|last=Weintraub |title=Joss Whedon Talks The Cabin in the Woods, The Avengers, His Writing Process, Comic-Con, Collecting and More |url=http://collider.com/joss-whedon-cabin-in-the-woods-the-avengers-interview/157304/ | publisher=Collider.com |date=April 5, 2012 |accessdate=April 6, 2012 | archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/66ihwyV1Z?url=http://collider.com/joss-whedon-cabin-in-the-woods-the-avengers-interview/157304/ |archivedate=April 6, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
125. ^¹{{cite web |date=March 26, 2012 |title=Here's an exclusive preview of the new Soundgarden single "Live To Rise" from the upcoming Avengers movie. Enjoy! |url=https://www.facebook.com/Soundgarden/posts/321881314540760 |publisher=Soundgarden |accessdate=March 26, 2012}}
126. ^¹{{cite web |last=Baksi |first=Dibyojyoti |date=March 26, 2012 |title=Hello Andhero, say The Avengers to the baddies |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Hello-Andhero-say-The-Avengers-to-the-baddies/Article1-831005.aspx |work=Hindustan Times |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66SNt5Drf?url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Hello-Andhero-say-The-Avengers-to-the-baddies/Article1-831005.aspx |archivedate=March 26, 2012 |accessdate=March 26, 2012 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy-all }}
127. ^¹{{cite web |date=March 27, 2012 |title=Soundgarden Records New Song for Avengers Movie |url=http://marvel.com/news/story/18392/soundgarden_records_new_song_for_avengers_movie |publisher=Marvel.com |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66U3wT7Gj?url=http://marvel.com/news/story/18392/soundgarden_records_new_song_for_avengers_movie |archivedate=March 27, 2012 |accessdate=March 27, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
128. ^¹{{cite web |last=Boucher |first=Geoff |date=June 22, 2011 |title=Marvel makes it official: No Hall H panel at Comic-Con |url=http://herocomplex.latimes.com/2011/06/22/marvel-makes-it-official-no-hall-h-panel-at-comic-con/ |work=Los Angeles Times |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/60Gya6xKF?url=http://herocomplex.latimes.com/2011/06/22/marvel-makes-it-official-no-hall-h-panel-at-comic-con/ |archivedate=July 18, 2011 |accessdate=July 18, 2011|deadurl=no}}
129. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/07/18/avengers-teaser/ |title=Avenge Me! Post-Captain America teaser for The Avengers copied, pasted, deleted |last=Breznican |first=Anthony |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=July 18, 2011 |accessdate=July 24, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/60UUukhwF?url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/07/18/avengers-teaser/ |archivedate=July 27, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
130. ^¹{{cite web |date=August 9, 2011 |title=The Walt Disney Studios Takes Fans Behind the Scenes at the D23 Expo |url=http://d23.disney.go.com/expo/articles/080911_BN_ExpoStudios.html |publisher=Go.com |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/60ocZGrrt?url=http://d23.disney.go.com/expo/articles/080911_BN_ExpoStudios.html |archivedate=August 9, 2011 |accessdate=August 9, 2011 |deadurl=yes}}
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132. ^¹{{cite web |date=October 4, 2011 |title=Marvel's The Avengers Comes to NYCC |url=http://marvel.com/news/story/16772/marvels_the_avengers_comes_to_nycc |publisher=Marvel.com |accessdate=October 5, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62Cvrj0yq?url=http://marvel.com/news/story/16772/marvels_the_avengers_comes_to_nycc |archivedate=October 5, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
133. ^¹{{cite web |date=October 11, 2011 |title=Marvel Studios Debuts 'The Avengers' Trailer |url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=34844 |publisher=Comic Book Resources |accessdate=October 11, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62MJDljlw?url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=34844 |archivedate=October 11, 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}
134. ^¹{{cite web |last=Fernandez |first=Jay A. |date=October 11, 2011 |title= {{-'}}The Avengers' Trailer Verdict: More Hulk, Less Stark, Less Loki, More Dark |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-trailer-verdict-more-hulk-246726 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62Nj0BfMQ?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-trailer-verdict-more-hulk-246726 |archivedate=October 12, 2011 |accessdate=October 12, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
135. ^¹{{cite press release|date=October 14, 2011 |title="Marvel's The Avengers" Trailer Downloaded over 10 Million Times in First 24 Hours on iTunes Movie Trailers |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20111014005986/en/%E2%80%9CMarvel%E2%80%99s-Avengers%E2%80%9D-Trailer-Downloaded-10-Million-Times |publisher=Marvel Studios |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62R5c4GRw?url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20111014005986/en/%E2%80%9CMarvel%E2%80%99s-Avengers%E2%80%9D-Trailer-Downloaded-10-Million-Times |archivedate=October 14, 2011 |accessdate=October 14, 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}
136. ^¹{{cite press release |date=December 23, 2011 |title=Trailer for 'The Dark Knight Rises' Shatters Record with More Than 12.5 Million Downloads on iTunes in First Day |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/trailer-for-the-dark-knight-rises-shatters-record-with-more-than-125-million-downloads-on-itunes-in-first-day-2011-12-23 |publisher=Warner Bros. Pictures |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64OQ14vil?url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/trailer-for-the-dark-knight-rises-shatters-record-with-more-than-125-million-downloads-on-itunes-in-first-day-2011-12-23 |archivedate=January 2, 2012 |accessdate=January 2, 2012 |deadurl=yes }}
137. ^¹{{cite web |date=March 2, 2012 |last=Sacks |first=Ethan |title=Avengers Trailer Sets iTunes 24 Hour Viewing Record Besting Dark Knight Rises |url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2012-03-02/news/31118088_1_itunes-captain-america-latest-trailer |work=Daily News |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BswNwatn?url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2012-03-02/news/31118088_1_itunes-captain-america-latest-trailer |archivedate=November 2, 2012 |accessdate=March 3, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
138. ^¹²{{cite web|date=May 4, 2012|last=Finke|first=Nikki|title={{-'}}Avengers' At Midnight! Huge Crowds: $300+Million International And U.S. Coming; Is This Hollywood's Next Record-Breaker?|url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/05/avengers-now-260-5m-overseas-could-reach-585m-worldwide-through-sunday-with-u-s-canada-russia-china-openings/|website=Deadline Hollywood|accessdate=May 4, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67P9XUxIt?url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/05/avengers-now-260-5m-overseas-could-reach-585m-worldwide-through-sunday-with-u-s-canada-russia-china-openings/|archivedate=May 4, 2012|deadurl=no}}
139. ^¹{{cite web |date=January 27, 2012 |title=Marvel's Avengers Assemble on Twitter |url=http://marvel.com/news/story/18016/marvels_the_avengers_assemble_on_twitter |publisher=Marvel.com |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/654wWOFUc?url=http://marvel.com/news/story/18016/marvels_the_avengers_assemble_on_twitter |archivedate=January 30, 2012 |accessdate=January 28, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
140. ^¹{{cite web |last=Fritz |first=Ben |date=January 10, 2012 |title=Relativity Joins Three Other Studios Advertising on Super Bowl |url= http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2012/01/relativity-joins-three-other-studios-advertising-on-superbowl.html |work=Los Angeles Times |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/654wcCebT?url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2012/01/relativity-joins-three-other-studios-advertising-on-superbowl.html |archivedate=January 30, 2012 |accessdate=January 28, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
141. ^¹{{cite web |date=April 26, 2012 |url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=38375 |title="The Avengers" Actors Tom Hiddleston & Clark Gregg To Ring NYSE Opening Bell May 1 |publisher=Comic Book Resources |accessdate=April 26, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67DldjrWS?url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=38375 |archivedate=April 26, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
142. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2014/10/24/avengers-age-of-ultron-trailer-record/|title=Despite leak, 'Avengers: Age of Ultron' trailer breaks Marvel record|last=Breznican|first=Anthony|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=October 24, 2014|accessdate=October 24, 2014|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6TZcmaIJB?url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2014/10/24/avengers-age-of-ultron-trailer-record/|archivedate=October 24, 2014|deadurl=no}}
143. ^¹{{cite web |date=December 14, 2011 |title=Marvel's The Avengers Prelude Comic in March |url=http://marvel.com/news/story/17852/marvels_the_avengers_prelude_comic_in_march |publisher=Marvel.com |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/63x1gOaWo?url=http://marvel.com/news/story/17852/marvels_the_avengers_prelude_comic_in_march |archivedate=December 15, 2011 |accessdate=December 15, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
144. ^¹{{cite web |date=February 17, 2012 |last=Arrant |first=Chris |title=To Russia With Guns: The Black Widow Strikes |url=http://marvel.com/news/story/18144/to_russia_with_guns_the_black_widow_strikes |publisher=Marvel.com |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65XrM2Do6?url=http://marvel.com/news/story/18144/to_russia_with_guns_the_black_widow_strikes |archivedate=February 18, 2012 |accessdate=February 17, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
145. ^¹{{cite web |url= http://comics.ign.com/articles/122/1220735p1.html |title=Avengers Assemble #1 Review|publisher=IGN| first=Jesse|last= Schedeen|date=March 14, 2012 |accessdate=April 12, 2012 |archivedate=April 13, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66si7YJs9?url=http://comics.ign.com/articles/122/1220735p1.html |deadurl=no}}
146. ^¹{{cite web|last=Lisanti |first=Tony |date=September 1, 2011 |title=The Ultimate Superhero Franchise |url=http://www.modernmedicine.com/modernmedicine/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=741921 |publisher=Modern Medicine |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/63YldpGxL?url=http://www.modernmedicine.com/modernmedicine/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=741921 |archivedate=November 29, 2011 |accessdate=November 29, 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}
147. ^¹{{cite web |last=Nunez |first=Alex |date=September 3, 2011 |title=Tony Stark trades his Audi for mystery Acura in The Avengers (UPDATED) |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2011/09/03/tony-stark-trades-his-audi-for-an-acura-in-the-avengers/ |publisher=Autoblog |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/63vXoWeef?url=http://www.autoblog.com/2011/09/03/tony-stark-trades-his-audi-for-an-acura-in-the-avengers/ |archivedate=December 14, 2011 |accessdate=December 14, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
148. ^¹{{cite web |last=Vijayenthiran |first=Viknesh |date=December 12, 2011 |title=Acura Confirms NSX And ILX Concepts As Well As 2013 RDX Prototype For Detroit |url=http://www.motorauthority.com/news/1070483_acura-confirms-nsx-and-ilx-concepts-as-well-as-2013-rdx-prototype-for-detroit |publisher=Motor Authority |archivedate=December 14, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/63vXv7HAW?url=http://www.motorauthority.com/news/1070483_acura-confirms-nsx-and-ilx-concepts-as-well-as-2013-rdx-prototype-for-detroit |accessdate=December 14, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
149. ^¹{{cite web |last=Neff |first=John |date=November 27, 2013 |title=eBay Find of the Day: S.H.I.E.L.D.'s Acura MDX from The Avengers |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2013/11/27/ebay-find-s-h-i-e-l-d-s-acura-mdx-avengers/ |publisher=Autoblog |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6MzyyKdTs?url=http://www.autoblog.com/2013/11/27/ebay-find-s-h-i-e-l-d-s-acura-mdx-avengers/ |archivedate=January 29, 2014 |accessdate=January 29, 2014 |deadurl=no}}
150. ^¹{{cite press release |title=Official Marvel Colognes and Perfume to Launch at TIA Toy Fair in New York |url=http://www.ereleases.com/pr/official-marvel-colognes-perfume-launch-tia-toy-fair-york-74150 |publisher=JADS International | date= February 10, 2012 |accessdate=May 8, 2012 | archivedate=May 8, 2012|archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/67Vf9EQd0?url=http://www.ereleases.com/pr/official-marvel-colognes-perfume-launch-tia-toy-fair-york-74150 | deadurl=no}}
151. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118052078 |title={{-'}}Avengers' wields big brand blitz |first=Marc |last=Graser |work=Variety |date=March 30, 2012 |accessdate=March 30, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66YEW3qUW?url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118052078?refCatId=13 |archivedate=March 30, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
152. ^¹{{cite web|date=February 28, 2012 |last=O'Hara |first=Helen |title=The Avengers Gets A New, Longer Title |url=http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=33259 |work=Empire |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65nZ0kjUW?url=http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=33259 |archivedate=February 28, 2012 |accessdate=February 28, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
153. ^¹{{cite web |date=February 28, 2012 |last=Ford |first=Rebecca |title= {{-'}}The Avengers': New Poster Hits the Web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-poster-marvel-chris-evans-295734 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66AKfE3YG?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-poster-marvel-chris-evans-295734 |archivedate=March 14, 2012 |accessdate=March 14, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
154. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://uk.marvel.com/avengers-assemble/|title=Official UK Movie Site|publisher=Marvel Comics|accessdate=May 1, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67L3iGw7p?url=http://uk.marvel.com/avengers-assemble/|archivedate=May 1, 2012|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}}
155. ^¹{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2012/apr/27/marvel-avengers-assemble-worst-film-title?newsfeed=true |title=Is Marvel Avengers Assemble the worst film title ever? |first=David |last=Cox |date=April 27, 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67MMZN7ix?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/filmblog/2012/apr/27/marvel-avengers-assemble-worst-film-title?newsfeed=true |archivedate=May 2, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
156. ^¹{{cite web |date=April 19, 2012 |last=Dibdin |first=Emma |title= {{-'}}Avengers' producer Kevin Feige on UK 'Avengers Assemble' name – video | url= http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a377480/avengers-producer-kevin-feige-on-uk-avengers-assemble-name-video.html |work=Digital Spy |accessdate=April 30, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67QP4KYWD?url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a377480/avengers-producer-kevin-feige-on-uk-avengers-assemble-name-video.html |archivedate=May 5, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
157. ^¹{{cite web |last=O'Connell |first=Michael |date=March 16, 2012 |title=Marvel Sets 'The Avengers' World Premiere for April 11 |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-premiere-joss-whedon-chris-hemsworth-301258 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66HQMDive?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-premiere-joss-whedon-chris-hemsworth-301258 |archivedate=March 19, 2012 |accessdate=March 19, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
158. ^¹{{cite web |last=Zakarin |first=Jordan |date=March 28, 2012 |title= {{-'}}Avengers' to Close the Tribeca Film Festival |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-close-tribeca-film-festival-305349 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66WnbVIXB?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-close-tribeca-film-festival-305349 |archivedate=March 29, 2012 |accessdate=March 29, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
159. ^¹{{cite news |last=Kit |first=Borys |date=August 30, 2012 |title='Avengers' Gets Major Labor Day Expansion |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-labor-day-expansion-366882 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |accessdate=August 30, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AJK1IQEi?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-labor-day-expansion-366882 |archivedate=August 30, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
160. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-milestone-avengers-number-three-332331|title=Box Office Milestone: 'The Avengers' Becomes No. 3 Pic of All Time With $1.331 Billion|work=The Hollywood Reporter|first=Pamela|last=McClintock|date=June 2, 2012|accessdate=June 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BsxwZv7E?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-milestone-avengers-number-three-332331 |archivedate=November 2, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
161. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://thewaltdisneycompany.com/sites/default/files/20120514_Avengers_v2.pdf |publisher=Business Wire |title="Marvel's The Avengers" to Cross $1 Billion Globally in 19 Days; Super Hero team-up tallies an estimated $373.2 million domestic, $628.9 million international |accessdate=May 13, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bsy4Kw3d?url=http://thewaltdisneycompany.com/sites/default/files/20120514_Avengers_v2.pdf |archivedate=November 2, 2012 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy-all }}
162. ^¹{{cite web | url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/worldwideopenings.htm |title=All Time Worldwide Opening Weekend Records at the Box Office | publisher=Box Office Mojo | accessdate=May 8, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bsy8Pb66?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/worldwideopenings.htm |archivedate=November 2, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
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164. ^¹²{{cite web|date=May 13, 2012|last=McClintock|first=Pamela|title=Box Office Report: 'Avengers' Towers With $103.2 Million, 'Dark Shadows' Lacks Bite|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-report-avengers-dark-shadows-chris-hemsworth-johnny-depp-323793|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=May 13, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BsyM9cym?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-report-avengers-dark-shadows-chris-hemsworth-johnny-depp-323793 |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
165. ^¹{{cite news|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=The Avengers Storms the Billion Dollar Club – In Just 19 Days|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2012/05/13/the-avengers-storms-the-billion-dollar-club-in-just-19-days/|accessdate=May 13, 2012|newspaper=Time|date=May 13, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BsyHiPir?url=http://entertainment.time.com/2012/05/13/the-avengers-storms-the-billion-dollar-club-in-just-19-days/ |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
166. ^¹{{cite journal|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2012/05/06/beyond-marvel-ous-the-avengers-smashes-records-with-200-3-million/|title=Beyond Marvel-ous: The Avengers Smashes Records with $200.3 Million|first=Richard|last=Corliss|date=May 6, 2012|work=Time|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67UZctpGZ?url=http://entertainment.time.com/2012/05/06/beyond-marvel-ous-the-avengers-smashes-records-with-200-3-million/ |archivedate=May 7, 2012 |deadurl=no |quote=The Avengers, with a $220 million production cost, already is in the black, with no ceiling in sight.}}
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170. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/intl/weekend/yearly/?yr=2012&p=.htm |title=2012 Overseas Total Yearly Box Office Results |accessdate=November 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt1aMqCJ?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/intl/weekend/yearly/?yr=2012&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
171. ^¹²{{cite web|date=April 25, 2012|last=Finke|first=Nikki|title=Marvel's 'The Avengers' Breaking Records Overseas After Today's Early Release|url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/04/marvels-the-avengers-breaking-records-overseas-already-after-todays-early-release/|website=Deadline Hollywood|accessdate=April 25, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67DBGAnue?url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/04/marvels-the-avengers-breaking-records-overseas-already-after-todays-early-release/ |archivedate=April 26, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
172. ^¹²{{cite web|date=April 28, 2012|last=Finke|first=Nikki|title=Marvel's 'The Avengers' Amasses $73.1M Overseas: Continues Breaking Box Office Records|url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/04/marvels-the-avengers-breaking-records-overseas-already-after-todays-early-release/|website=Deadline Hollywood|accessdate=April 29, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67LKlFFb4?url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/04/marvels-the-avengers-breaking-records-overseas-already-after-todays-early-release/ |archivedate=May 1, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
173. ^¹{{cite web|date=May 6, 2012|last=Segers|first=Frank|title=Foreign Box Office: 'The Avengers' Dominates Overseas, Grossing More Than $440 Million In 12 Days|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/foreign-box-office-avengers-american-pie-reunion-five-year-engagement-320755|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=May 8, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67VL61lhY?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/foreign-box-office-avengers-american-pie-reunion-five-year-engagement-320755|archivedate=May 8, 2012|deadurl=no}}
174. ^¹{{cite web|date=May 13, 2012|last=Segers|first=Frank|title=Foreign Box Office: 'The Avengers' Continues To Mop Up Overseas, Grossing Nearly $630 Million|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/foreign-box-office-avengers-dark-shadows-johnny-depp-american-pie-reunion-323811|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=May 13, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt1cweqw?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/foreign-box-office-avengers-dark-shadows-johnny-depp-american-pie-reunion-323811|archivedate=November 3, 2012|deadurl=no}}
175. ^¹{{cite news|date=May 20, 2012|last=Segers|first=Frank|title=Foreign Box Office: 'Avengers' Hits $720 Million Overseas, Tops 'Dark Shadows,' 'Dictator' |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/foreign-box-office-avengers-sherlock-holmes-dark-shadows-johnny-depp-dictator-327004|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=May 20, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt1m1gNE?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/foreign-box-office-avengers-sherlock-holmes-dark-shadows-johnny-depp-dictator-327004|archivedate=November 3, 2012|deadurl=no}}
176. ^¹{{cite web|date=April 25, 2012|last=McClintock|first=Pamela|title=Box Office Report: 'Avengers' Makes First Strike Overseas, Breaks Records|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/avengers-joss-whedon-international-box-office-316665|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=April 26, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67LKpM0Ne?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/avengers-joss-whedon-international-box-office-316665 |archivedate=May 1, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
177. ^¹²{{cite web|date=April 29, 2012|last=McClintock|first=Pamela|title=Box Office Report: 'Avengers' Smashes Records With $178.4 Mil Foreign Debut|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-report-avengers-marvel-joss-whedon-robert-downey-jr-317871|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=April 29, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67LKemxw1?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-report-avengers-marvel-joss-whedon-robert-downey-jr-317871 |archivedate=May 1, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
178. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.boxoffice.com/latest-news/2012-06-10-international-box-office-snow-white-and-the-huntsman-grabs-246-million|publisher=boxoffice.com|title=UPDATED: International Box Office: 'Madagascar 3' Sets Records|date=June 11, 2012|accessdate=June 12, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613171948/http://www.boxoffice.com/latest-news/2012-06-10-international-box-office-snow-white-and-the-huntsman-grabs-246-million|archivedate=June 13, 2012|df=mdy-all}}
179. ^¹{{cite news|title='Ice Age 4' Foreign Debut $78M And No. 1 in All 34 Markets: Already Breaking Records|url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/07/ice-age-4-box-office-already-breaking-records-overseas/ |website=Deadline Hollywood |first=Nikki|last=Finke|date=July 1, 2012|accessdate=July 1, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt2n9b64?url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/07/ice-age-4-box-office-already-breaking-records-overseas/ |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
180. ^¹{{cite web|date=April 29, 2012|last=Segers|first=Frank|title=Foreign Box Office: 'The Avengers' Conquers Overseas; Sets Opening Records in Latin America and Asia|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/foreign-box-office-avengers-marvel-battleship-robert-downey-jr-317875|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=April 30, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67LKZGkqM?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/foreign-box-office-avengers-marvel-battleship-robert-downey-jr-317875|archivedate=May 1, 2012|deadurl=no}}
181. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/05/avenger-update-205m-record-domestic/|title= {{-'}}Avenger' Actuals: $654.8M Weekend = $207.4M Record Domestic, $447.4M Foreign|first=Nikki|last=Finke|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=May 7, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67WroDCE9?url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/05/avenger-update-205m-record-domestic/|archivedate=May 9, 2012|deadurl=no}}
182. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/intl/australia/?yr=2012&wk=17&p=.htm |title=Australia Box Office April 26–29, 2012 |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=May 5, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt2ynFwt?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/intl/australia/?yr=2012&wk=17&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
183. ^¹{{cite web |date=April 27, 2012 |title= {{-'}}Avengers Assemble' takes £2.5 million on opening day in UK|url=http://www.nme.com/filmandtv/news/avengers-assemble-takes-25-million-on-opening/266987 |work=NME |accessdate=April 27, 2012| archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67QOOc8t2?url=http://www.nme.com/filmandtv/news/avengers-assemble-takes-25-million-on-opening/266987 | archivedate= May 5, 2012 | deadurl=no}}
184. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/intl/uk/?yr=2012&wk=17&p=.htm |title=United Kingdom Box Office April 27–29, 2012 |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=May 5, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt36O6gF?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/intl/uk/?yr=2012&wk=17&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
185. ^¹{{cite web|date=May 2, 2012|last=Reynolds|first=Simon|title=Marvel's 'Avengers' torpedoes 'Battleship' at UK box office|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/movies/news/a379500/marvels-avengers-torpedoes-battleship-at-uk-box-office.html|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=May 4, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67QL6x8gb?url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a379500/marvels-avengers-torpedoes-battleship-at-uk-box-office.html|archivedate=May 5, 2012|deadurl=no}}
186. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.toynews-online.biz/news/36405/The-Avengers-crowned-UKs-number-one-superhero-movie-of-all-time|title=The Avengers crowned UK's number one superhero movie of all time|first=Samantha|last=Loveday|date=June 11, 2012|publisher=Toy News Online|accessdate=June 22, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68bnH69aR?url=http://www.toynews-online.biz/news/36405/The-Avengers-crowned-UKs-number-one-superhero-movie-of-all-time|archivedate=June 22, 2012|deadurl=no}}
187. ^¹{{cite news|date=August 9, 2012|last=McClintock|first=Pamela|title=Box Office Milestone: 'Ice Age 4' Becomes Top Fox Film in Latin America, No. 2 of All Time|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-ice-age-latin-america-international-360471|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=August 11, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69ppjwxcW?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-ice-age-latin-america-international-360471|archivedate=August 11, 2012|deadurl=no}}
188. ^¹{{cite news|date=June 8, 2012|last=Hecht|first=John|title='The Avengers' Makes Box Office History in Latin America|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/avengers-box-office-latin-america-335337|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=June 8, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt3Iglgz?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/avengers-box-office-latin-america-335337|archivedate=November 3, 2012|deadurl=no}}
189. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.boxoffice.com/latest-news/2012-05-04-the-avengers-grabs-187-million-from-midnight-shows|publisher=boxoffice.com|title=UPDATED: 'The Avengers' Hits $1,359,400,000 Worldwide|date=June 4, 2012|accessdate=June 4, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604102015/http://www.boxoffice.com/latest-news/2012-05-04-the-avengers-grabs-187-million-from-midnight-shows|archivedate=June 4, 2012|df=mdy-all}}
190. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/domestic.htm |title=All Time Domestic Box Office Results |work=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=November 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt3YZ0Sk?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/domestic.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012|deadurl=no}}
191. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=2012&p=.htm |title=2012 Domestic Grosses |work=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=November 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt3dbJqQ?url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=2012&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
192. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/studio/chart/?view2=allmovies&view=company&studio=buenavista.htm |title=Buena Vista All Time Box Office Results |work=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=November 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt3jLHwA?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/studio/chart/?view2=allmovies&view=company&studio=buenavista.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
193. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/days/?page=open&p=.htm |title=Opening Day Records at the Box Office |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=May 8, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt3py2G9?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/days/?page=open&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
194. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/days/?page=single&p=.htm |title=Top Grossing Movies in a Single Day at the Box Office |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=May 8, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt3rrZC8?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/days/?page=single&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
195. ^¹{{cite web |last=Ray |first=Subers |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3436&p=.htm |title={{-'}}Avengers' Scores Highest Superhero Midnight Opening Ever |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=May 4, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt40fZxE?url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3436&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
196. ^¹{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-midnight-dark-knight-rises-20120720,0,2133469.story |title='Dark Knight Rises' collects $30.6 million from midnight screenings |date=July 20, 2012 |first=Ben |last=Fritz |work=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=August 4, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69fGTyjkY?url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-midnight-dark-knight-rises-20120720,0,2133469.story |archivedate=August 4, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
197. ^¹{{cite news |last=Subers |first=Ray |title=Friday Report: 'Avengers' Amazes with $80.5 Million |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3437&p=.htm |date=May 5, 2012 |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=May 5, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt42bwNG?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3437&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
198. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/days/f-th.htm?page=Sat&p=.htm |title=Single Day Records: Highest Grossing Saturdays at the Box Office: Saturday |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=May 8, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt4AsCDf?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/days/f-th.htm?page=Sat&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
199. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/days/f-th.htm?page=Sun&p=.htm |title=Top Weekend Theater Averages for Wide Releases: Sunday |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=May 8, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt4CZIIO?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/days/f-th.htm?page=Sun&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
200. ^¹²³{{cite news |last=Subers |first=Ray |title=Weekend Report: 'Avengers' Smashes Records |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3438&p=.htm |date=May 6, 2012 |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=May 6, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt4F225p?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3438&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
201. ^¹²{{cite web|date=May 7, 2012|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|title= {{-'}}The Avengers' Sets Domestic, Global Opening Weekend Records for Imax|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/avengers-imax-opening-weekend-320946|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=May 8, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67UVug3hY?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/avengers-imax-opening-weekend-320946 |archivedate=May 8, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
202. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/05/06/box-office-report-avengers/|title=Box office report: 'The Avengers' scores biggest opening weekend of all time with $200.3 mil|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=May 6, 2012|accessdate=May 6, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt4NInur?url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/05/06/box-office-report-avengers/ |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
203. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.benzinga.com/news/12/07/2768386/from-earlier-the-dark-knight-rises-generates-opening-weekend-box-office-results-o|title=From Earlier: The Dark Knight Rises Generates Opening Weekend Box Office Results Of $23.8 Million In IMAX® Theatres Worldwide|date=July 24, 2012|first=Eddie|last=Staley|publisher=benzinga|accessdate=August 4, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69fKfMZGj?url=http://www.benzinga.com/news/12/07/2768386/from-earlier-the-dark-knight-rises-generates-opening-weekend-box-office-results-o|archivedate=August 4, 2012|deadurl=no}}
204. ^¹²{{cite web |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3211&p=.htm |title=Weekend Report: 'Harry' Makes History |work=Box Office Mojo |date=July 18, 2011 |accessdate=May 20, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt4XtBXR?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3211&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
205. ^¹{{cite news |date=May 6, 2012 |last=Finke|first=Nikki |title= {{-'}}Marvel's The Avengers': Records & Factoids |url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/05/marvels-the-avengers-records-factoids/|website=Deadline Hollywood|accessdate=May 6, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt4dpU0S?url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/05/marvels-the-avengers-records-factoids/ |archivedate=November 2, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
206. ^¹²{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3442&p=.htm |title=Weekend Report: 'Avengers' Shatters More Records, 'Shadows' Mostly Sucks |first=Ray |last=Subers |date=May 13, 2012 |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=May 13, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt4l45Eo?url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3442&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
207. ^¹²{{cite web |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/theateravg.htm?page=THTRWAVG&p=.htm |title=Top Weekend Theater Averages for Wide Releases |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=May 8, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt4pb3Sh?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/theateravg.htm?page=THTRWAVG&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
208. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/?page=byrecord&p=.htm |title=All Time Box Office Records |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=May 13, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt4vXHW8?url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/?page=byrecord&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
209. ^¹²{{cite news |last=Subers |first=Ray |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3456&p=.htm |title=Weekend Report (cont.): 'Avengers' Passes $550 Million |publisher=Box Office Mojo |date=June 3, 2012 |accessdate=June 4, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt4yV8fo?url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3456&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
210. ^¹{{cite web|last=Barrett |first=Annie |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/05/13/box-office-report-avengers-second-weekend-record-dark-shadows/ |title=Box office report: 'Avengers' smashes 2nd weekend record with $103.2M, passes $1 billion worldwide |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=May 13, 2012 |accessdate=May 17, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt52I7Lk?url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/05/13/box-office-report-avengers-second-weekend-record-dark-shadows/ |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
211. ^¹{{cite news |last=Subers |first=Ray |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3445&p=.htm |title=Weekend Report: 'Battleship' Drowns Under Weight of 'Avengers' |publisher=Box Office Mojo |date=May 20, 2012 |accessdate=May 21, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt57yXFc?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3445&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
212. ^¹²{{cite web |last=Subers |first=Ray |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3453&p=.htm |title='Avengers' Accounts for Over Half of May 2012 Grosses |publisher=Box Office Mojo |date=June 1, 2012 |accessdate=June 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt5CBQ7Q?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3453&p=.htm |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
213. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/|title=Biggest Opening Weekends at the Box Office|publisher=Box Office Mojo|accessdate=May 17, 2012 |archivedate=November 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BsgZ4uky?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/ |deadurl=no}}
214. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/openingweeks.htm |title=Biggest Opening Weeks at the Box Office|publisher=Box Office Mojo|accessdate=May 17, 2012 |archivedate=November 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BsgXlRC7?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/openingweeks.htm |deadurl=no}}
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216. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/moreweekends.htm?page=2&p=.htm |title=Top Grossing Movies in Their 2nd Weekend at the Box Office |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=October 16, 2012 |archivedate=November 2, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BsgSeqEs?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/moreweekends.htm?page=2&p=.htm |deadurl=no |df= }}
217. ^¹{{cite web |title=The Avengers Dailies |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=avengers11.htm |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=June 16, 2012 |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt8PRmbQ?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=avengers11.htm |deadurl=no |df= }}
218. ^¹²³{{cite web |title=Fastest To $100 Million |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/fastest.htm?page=100&p=.htm |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=May 13, 2012 |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt8USXVd?url=http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/fastest.htm?page=100&p=.htm |deadurl=no |df= }}
219. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2012/05/13/the-avengers-storms-the-billion-dollar-club-in-just-19-days/|title=The Avengers Storms the Billion Dollar Club — In Just 19 Days|last=Corliss|first=Richard|work=Time|date=May 13, 2012|accessdate=July 30, 2014|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6RRfNutMt?url=http://entertainment.time.com/2012/05/13/the-avengers-storms-the-billion-dollar-club-in-just-19-days/|archivedate=July 30, 2014|deadurl=no}}
220. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/box-office/star-wars-force-awakens-box-office-avengers-1201670337/|title=‘Star Wars: The Force Awakens’ Passes ‘The Avengers’ at Domestic Box Office|last=Lang|first=Brent|work=Variety|date=December 31, 2015|accessdate=January 2, 2016|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6eEzT63jm?url=http://variety.com/2015/film/box-office/star-wars-force-awakens-box-office-avengers-1201670337/|archivedate=January 2, 2016|deadurl=no}}
221. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-avengers-2012 |title=The Avengers Reviews |publisher=CBS Interactive|work=Metacritic |accessdate=March 5, 2018 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bt9yxJej?url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-avengers-2012 |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
222. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=89927 |title=The Avengers Makes $80.5 Million Its Opening Day! |publisher=ComingSoon.net |date=May 5, 2012 |accessdate=May 5, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67RRbeYXL?url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=89927 |archivedate=May 5, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
223. ^¹{{cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=April 20, 2012 |title=The Avengers: Film Review |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/avengers-film-review-robert-downey-jr-scarlett-johansson-samuel-l-jackson-314291 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |accessdate=April 19, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6746gHZsh?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/avengers-film-review-robert-downey-jr-scarlett-johansson-samuel-l-jackson-314291 |archivedate=April 20, 2012 |deadurl=no | quote = It's clamorous, the save-the-world story is one everyone's seen time and again, and the characters have been around for more than half a century in 500 comic book issues. But Whedon and his cohorts have managed to stir all the personalities and ingredients together so that the resulting dish, however familiar, is irresistibly tasty again. }}
224. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.boxoffice.com/latest-news/2013-05-12-global-iron-man-3-reaches-949-million|title=GLOBAL: 'Iron Man 3' Reaches $949M; 'Star Trek Into Darkness' Opens In 7 Markets For $31.7M|date=May 12, 2013|accessdate=May 12, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607222847/http://www.boxoffice.com/latest-news/2013-05-12-global-iron-man-3-reaches-949-million|archivedate=June 7, 2013|df=mdy-all}}
225. ^¹{{cite news|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Expendables 2' Flexes Muscles Overseas|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3508&p=.htm|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=August 28, 2012|publisher=Box Office Mojo|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}
226. ^¹²{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/the-avengers-20120430 |title=The Avengers|first=Peter|last=Travers|authorlink=Peter Travers|work=Rolling Stone|publisher=Jann Wenner|date=April 30, 2012|accessdate=May 5, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BtA2utqO?url=http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/the-avengers-20120430 |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
227. ^¹{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Justin |date=April 19, 2012 |url=http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117947410/ |title=Marvel's The Avengers |work=Variety |accessdate=April 20, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6746nlxi2?url=http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117947410/ |archivedate=April 20, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
228. ^¹²{{cite news |last=Turan |authorlink=Kenneth Turan |first=Kenneth |date=May 3, 2012 |title=Movie review: In 'The Avengers,' a Marvel-ous team |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/la-et-avengers-20120503,0,1815592.story |work=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=May 3, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67Ns5LZEK?url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/la-et-avengers-20120503,0,1815592.story?track=rss |archivedate=May 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
229. ^¹{{cite news|last=Ebert |first=Roger |authorlink=Roger Ebert |date=May 2, 2012 |title=The Avengers |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20120502/REVIEWS/120509997 |work=Chicago Sun-Times |accessdate=May 3, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67NsGMoLF?url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20120502%2FREVIEWS%2F120509997 |archivedate=May 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
230. ^¹²{{cite news |last=Scott |first=A. O. |authorlink=A. O. Scott |date=May 3, 2012 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/04/movies/robert-downey-jr-in-the-avengers-directed-by-joss-whedon.html |title=Superheroes, Super Battles, Super Egos |work=The New York Times |accessdate=May 3, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67Nx8Foos?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/04/movies/robert-downey-jr-in-the-avengers-directed-by-joss-whedon.html?_r=1&ref=movies |archivedate=May 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |quote="I'm always angry," he says at one point, and while "The Avengers" is hardly worth raging about, its failures are significant and dispiriting. The light, amusing bits cannot overcome the grinding, hectic emptiness, the bloated cynicism that is less a shortcoming of this particular film than a feature of the genre. |df= }}
231. ^¹²{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/movies/movie-review-avengers-article-1.1068803|title=Review: Heroes are real Marvel in 'The Avengers{{'-}} |first=Joe|last=Neumaier|work=Daily News|location=New York City|date=April 30, 2012|accessdate=May 5, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BtA7nMlH?url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2012-04-30/news/31503128_1_tom-hiddleston-chris-hemsworth-captain-america |archivedate=November 2, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
232. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/cinema/2012/05/14/120514crci_cinema_lane|title=Double Lives|first=Anthony|last=Lane|authorlink=Anthony Lane|work=The New Yorker|publisher=Condé Nast Publications|date=May 4, 2012|accessdate=May 5, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BtABUgyw?url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/cinema/2012/05/14/120514crci_cinema_lane |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
233. ^¹²{{cite news|date=May 2, 2012|last=Longworth|first=Karina|authorlink=Karina Longworth|title=Superheroes Bump Superegos in Joss Whedon's All-Star Avengers|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2012-05-02/film/superheroes-bump-superegos-in-joss-whedon-s-all-star-avengers/|work=The Village Voice|accessdate=April 30, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67MOXMMcO?url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2012-05-02/film/superheroes-bump-superegos-in-joss-whedon-s-all-star-avengers/ |archivedate=May 2, 2012|deadurl=no|quote=On The Avengers{{'}} comparatively minute canvas of two and a half hours, Whedon effectively creates a sketch of a working universe and tells us that his characters are emotionally damaged but doesn't explore that damage in any substantive way.}}
234. ^¹{{cite web|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Movie Review: The Avengers|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20483133_20587608,00.html|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=May 31, 2012 |date=May 16, 2012 }}
235. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303916904577378881752158826|title= {{-'}}Avengers': Multiple Marvels, Diminished Fun|publisher=Dow Jones & Company|work=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=May 5, 2012|author=Morgenstern, Joe |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BtAEZTdc?url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303916904577378881752158826.html |archivedate=November 2, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
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237. ^¹{{cite web |first=Pete |last=Hammond |url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/12/critics-choice-movie-awards-2012-nominations-lincoln/ |title='Lincoln', 'Les Miserables', 'Silver Linings' Top List of Nominees For 18th Annual Critics Choice Movie Awards |website=Deadline Hollywood |date=December 11, 2012 |accessdate=December 11, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CprUEARV?url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/12/critics-choice-movie-awards-2012-nominations-lincoln/ |archivedate=December 11, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
238. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://teenchoiceawards.com/pdf/TEENCHOICE2012WaveOneNoms.pdf |title=First Wave of 'Teen Choice 2012' Nominees Announced |publisher=Teen Choice Awards |date=May 18, 2012 |accessdate=May 18, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67lBFxFbN?url=http://teenchoiceawards.com/pdf/TEENCHOICE2012WaveOneNoms.pdf |archivedate=May 18, 2012 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
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240. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/23/teen-choice-awards-winners-2012_n_1693766.html |title=Teen Choice Awards Winners 2012: 'Twilight,' 'The Vampire Diaries,' Justin Bieber Win Big |work=Huffington Post|date=June 23, 2012|accessdate=June 23, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BtAIZvP7?url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/23/teen-choice-awards-winners-2012_n_1693766.html |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
241. ^¹{{cite web |last=Khatchatourian |first=Maane |date=November 15, 2012 |title=The People's Choice Awards nominees are ... |url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2012/11/15/peoples-choice-awards-nominees-2013/ |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time Inc |accessdate=November 19, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CJdnqVAh?url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2012/11/15/peoples-choice-awards-nominees-2013/ |archivedate=November 20, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
242. ^¹{{cite web |date=January 7, 2013 |title='The Hobbit', 'Avengers', 'Life of Pi', 'ParaNorman' Lead Nominations For VES Awards |url=http://www.deadline.com/2013/01/the-hobbit-avengers-life-of-pi-paranorman-lead-nominations-for-ves-awards/ |website=Deadline Hollywood |accessdate=January 7, 2013 }}
243. ^¹{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-20955363 |title=Bafta awards 2013: Full list of nominees |accessdate=January 8, 2013 |work=BBC News }}
244. ^¹{{cite web|date= |title=2013 Oscar Nominees |url=http://oscar.go.com/nominees |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |accessdate=January 10, 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6DZOQ92zN?url=http://oscar.go.com/nominees |archivedate=January 10, 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
245. ^¹{{cite web|date= |title=39th Annual Saturn Awards |url=http://www.saturnawards.org/39th_Annual_Saturn_Awards.pdf |publisher=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films |accessdate=February 20, 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Ea1IEhIi?url=http://www.saturnawards.org/39th_Annual_Saturn_Awards.pdf |archivedate=February 20, 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
246. ^¹{{cite web|last=Tribbey|first=Chris|title=Hastings to Host Midnight 'Avengers' Event|url=http://www.homemediamagazine.com/hastings/hastings-host-midnight-avengers-event-28352|work=Home Media Magazine|accessdate=October 7, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BtANC13m?url=http://www.homemediamagazine.com/hastings/hastings-host-midnight-avengers-event-28352 |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
247. ^¹²{{cite web |date=October 3, 2012 |last=Latchem |first=John |title='Avengers' Debut a Marvel on DVD and BD Sales Charts |url=http://www.homemediamagazine.com/research/avengers-debut-marvel-dvd-and-bd-sales-charts-28483 |work=Home Media Magazine |accessdate=October 4, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BA4HK2qI?url=http://www.homemediamagazine.com/research/avengers-debut-marvel-dvd-and-bd-sales-charts-28483 |archivedate=October 4, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
248. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://bluray.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Disc_Announcements/DisneyBuena_Vista/The_Avengers_Blu-ray_and_Blu-ray_3D_Announced/9463 |title='The Avengers' Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D Announced |publisher=Hi-Def Digest |date=May 21, 2012 |accessdate=June 12, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BtAQKiYQ?url=http://bluray.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Disc_Announcements/DisneyBuena_Vista/The_Avengers_Blu-ray_and_Blu-ray_3D_Announced/9463 |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
249. ^¹{{cite web |date=July 31, 2012 |title=Marvel's The Avengers International Blu-ray Details | url=http://marvel.com/news/story/19155/marvels_the_avengers_international_blu-ray_details |publisher=Marvel.com |accessdate=September 17, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AkKt49eV?url=http://marvel.com/news/story/19155/marvels_the_avengers_international_blu-ray_details |archivedate=September 17, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
250. ^¹{{cite web |last=Clint |first=Morris |date=August 14, 2012 |title=Exclusive : Feige on Item 47 and The Avengers Blu-ray and DVD |url=http://moviehole.net/201256607exclusive-feige-on-item-47-and-the-avengers-blu-ray-and-dvd |publisher=Moviehole.net |accessdate=August 30, 2012 }}
251. ^¹{{cite web |last=Lee |first=Jason |date=June 6, 2012 |title='Marvel Cinematic Universe' 10-disc Blu-ray set announced |url=http://www.hd-report.com/2012/06/06/marvel-cinematic-universe-10-disc-blu-ray-set-announced/ |publisher=HD-Report |accessdate=June 12, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BtAYRuJh?url=http://www.hd-report.com/2012/06/06/marvel-cinematic-universe-10-disc-blu-ray-set-announced/ |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
252. ^¹{{cite web |last=Breznican |first=Anthony |date=September 6, 2012 |title=Briefcase lawsuit delays Marvel's 'Phase One' box set until next spring -- EXCLUSIVE |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/09/06/briefcase-lawsuit-delays-marvels-phase-1-box-set-until-next-spring-breaking/ |work=Entertainment Weekly |accessdate= September 6, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ATv2hgvH?url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/09/06/briefcase-lawsuit-delays-marvels-phase-1-box-set-until-next-spring-breaking/ |archivedate=September 6, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
253. ^¹²{{cite web |last=Child |first=Ben|date=September 20, 2012 |title=Avengers fans angered by missing extras on UK DVD and Blu-Ray | url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/sep/20/avengers-missing-extras-home-video |work=The Guardian |accessdate=September 21, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BtAcysWv?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2012/sep/20/avengers-missing-extras-home-video |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
254. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/11/20/marvel-phase-one-phase-two/|title=Marvel's delayed 'Phase One' box set to now feature 'Phase Two' tease -- VIDEO|last=Breznican|first=Anthony|date=November 20, 2012|accessdate=November 20, 2012}}
255. ^¹{{cite web |last=Lien |first=Tracey |date=September 15, 2011 |title=What Was THQ Brisbane Working on Before the Studio Closed? |url=http://www.kotaku.com.au/2011/09/what-was-thq-brisbane-working-on-before-the-studio-closed/ |publisher=Kotaku |accessdate=September 15, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/61iULFxoq?url=http://www.kotaku.com.au/2011/09/what-was-thq-brisbane-working-on-before-the-studio-closed/ |archivedate=September 15, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
256. ^¹{{cite web |last=Sinclair |first=Brendan |date=September 19, 2011 |title=Marvel looking for Avengers game partner |url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/6335430/marvel-looking-for-avengers-game-partner |publisher=GameSpot |accessdate=September 20, 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/61q8uJs60?url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/6335430/marvel-looking-for-avengers-game-partner |archivedate=September 20, 2011 |deadurl=no}}
257. ^¹{{cite web|date=May 10, 2012|url=http://marvel.com/news/story/18710/ubisoft_and_marvel_assemble_the_avengers_in_battle_for_earth|title=Ubisoft and Marvel Assemble The Avengers in Battle For Earth|publisher=Marvel.com|accessdate=May 22, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67qt4P3kK?url=http://marvel.com/news/story/18710/ubisoft_and_marvel_assemble_the_avengers_in_battle_for_earth|archivedate=May 22, 2012|deadurl=no}}
258. ^¹{{cite web |date=September 5, 2012 |title=Watch the Official Avengers Initiative Launch Trailer |url=http://marvel.com/news/story/19327/watch_the_official_avengers_initiative_launch_trailer |publisher=Marvel.com |accessdate=September 5, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ASBYgv2w?url=http://marvel.com/news/story/19327/watch_the_official_avengers_initiative_launch_trailer |archivedate=September 5, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
259. ^¹{{cite web|first=Marc|last=Braser|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118057576|title=Joss Whedon will return for 'The Avengers 2'|work=Variety|date=August 7, 2012|accessdate=August 7, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69kUk8dbj?url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118057576|archivedate=August 7, 2012|deadurl=no}}
260. ^¹{{cite web|first=Borys|last=Kit|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-disney-release-date-363250|title=Disney Sets Release Date for 'Avengers 2'|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=August 16, 2012|accessdate=August 16, 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69xxEzC33?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/avengers-disney-release-date-363250|archivedate=August 16, 2012|deadurl=no}}
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262. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.stitchkingdom.com/disney-marvels-avengers-age-ultron-official-synopsis-spells-big-trouble-tony-stark-72694/|title=Marvel’s ‘Avengers: Age of Ultron’ Official Synopsis Spells Big Trouble for Tony Stark |work=Stitch Kingdom|date=September 15, 2014|accessdate=September 15, 2014|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ScMQ5zSr?url=http://www.stitchkingdom.com/disney-marvels-avengers-age-ultron-official-synopsis-spells-big-trouble-tony-stark-72694/|archivedate=September 15, 2014|deadurl=no}}
263. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/russo-brothers-direct-avengers-infinity-783685|title=Russo Brothers to Direct 'Avengers: Infinity War' Parts 1 and 2|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|last2=Siegemund-Broka|first2=Austin|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=March 23, 2015|accessdate=March 23, 2015|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XFh6l7ys?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/russo-brothers-direct-avengers-infinity-783685|archivedate=March 23, 2015|deadurl=no}}
264. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://movieline.com/2012/04/30/kevin-feige-on-avengers-marvel-universe-building-and-the-legacy-of-elektra/|title=Marvel's Kevin Feige on Avengers, Iron Man 3, Thor 2, Universe-Building, and Elektra|author=Yamato, Jen|publisher=MovieLine|date=April 30, 2012|accessdate=May 3, 2012|quote=But as we were working on them we started to keep track of some things that the writers and filmmakers of one movie were doing anyway and we started to track them and realized that we could utilize those later down the line. That's how the Cosmic Cube came about; what started as a little seed would grow and grow and grow to The Avengers.|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BtAmQRDf?url=http://movieline.com/2012/04/30/kevin-feige-on-avengers-marvel-universe-building-and-the-legacy-of-elektra/ |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no}}
265. ^¹{{cite web|last=Stewart|first=Andrew|title=Paramount's Super Payoff for 'Iron Man 3'|url=https://variety.com/2013/film/news/iron-man-3-paramount-disney-1200479325/|accessdate=July 27, 2013|work=Variety|date=May 10, 2013|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6RRfVkmab?url=http://variety.com/2013/film/news/iron-man-3-paramount-disney-1200479325/|archivedate=July 30, 2014|deadurl=no}}
266. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.craveonline.com/film/interviews/601057-exclusive-interview-kevin-feige-on-thor-and-marvels-future/2|title=Exclusive Interview: Kevin Feige on Thor and Marvel’s Future|author=Bibbiani, William|publisher=CraveOnline|date=November 8, 2013|accessdate=November 9, 2013|quote=It is. I don't know when we'll actually divulge that necessarily, but it's the space stone.}}
267. ^¹{{cite web|date=April 30, 2012 |last=Plumb |first=All |title=Kevin Feige Avengers Spoiler Podcast |url=http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=33806 |work=Empire |format=audio at 02:09 |accessdate=May 2, 2012 |quote=All you need is one person in the back of the theater to go, 'Oh, it's Thanos!' for people to start going, 'Who's...? Oh, that must mean something, who's that?' and they start to learn and they start to dig deeper. |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BtArSTQn?url=http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=33806 |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
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