“The Book of Mormon (musical)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In 2003, after Parker and Stone saw Avenue Q, they met with the musical's co-writer Lopez and began developing the musical, meeting sporadically for several years. Parker and Stone grew up in Colorado, and references to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints had been commonplace in their previous works. For research, the trio took a trip to Salt Lake City to meet with current and former Mormon missionaries. Beginning in 2008, developmental workshops were staged. The show's producers, Scott Rudin and Anne Garefino, opted to open the show directly on Broadway.

The show opened on Broadway in March 2011, after nearly seven years of development. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints responded indifferently; however, they did purchase advertising space in its playbill in later runs. The Book of Mormon garnered overwhelmingly positive critical responses, and set records in ticket sales for the Eugene O'Neill Theatre. The show was awarded nine Tony Awards, one of which was for Best Musical, and a Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album. The original Broadway cast recording became the highest-charting Broadway cast album in over four decades, reaching number three on the Billboard charts. In 2013, the musical premiered in the West End, followed by two US national tours. A production in Melbourne and the first non-English version, in Stockholm, both opened in January 2017. Productions in Oslo and Copenhagen followed.

History

Development

During the summer of 2003, Parker and Stone flew to New York City to discuss the script of their new film, World Police, with friend and producer Scott Rudin (who also produced South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut).^[4]^[10] Rudin advised the duo to see the musical Avenue Q on Broadway, finding the cast of marionettes in Team America similar to the puppets of Avenue Q.^[10] Parker and Stone went to see the production during that summer and the writer-composers of Avenue Q, Lopez and Jeff Marx, noticed them in the audience and introduced themselves. Lopez revealed that South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut was highly influential in the creation of Avenue Q.^[7] The quartet went for drinks afterwards, and soon found that each camp wanted to write something involving Joseph Smith.^[4] The four began working out details nearly immediately, with the idea to create a modern story formulated early on.^[4] For research purposes, the quartet took a field trip to Salt Lake City where they "interviewed a bunch of missionaries—or ex-missionaries."^[8] They had to work around Parker and Stone's South Park schedule.^[5]^[9]

In 2006, Parker and Stone flew to London where they spent three weeks with Lopez, who was working on the West End production of Avenue Q. There, the three wrote "four or five songs" and came up with the basic idea of the story. After a disagreement between Parker and Marx, who felt he was not getting enough creative control, Marx was separated from the project.^[10] For the next few years, the remaining trio met frequently to develop what they initially called The Book of Mormon: The Musical of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. "There was a lot of hopping back and forth between L.A. and New York," Parker recalled.^[4]

Song alterations

There are numerous revealed changes from original script to final production. A song named "Family Home Evening", which was in early workshops of the show, was cut. The warlord in Uganda was called General Kony in previews but later changed to General Butt Fucking Naked. The song "The Bible Is A Trilogy" went through a major rewrite to become "All-American Prophet". The earlier version was based around how the third movie in movie trilogies is always the best one and sums everything up which led to a recurring Matrix joke where a Ugandan man said "I thought the third Matrix was the worst one" which later changed to "I have maggots in my scrotum" in the rewritten version.^[11] The song "Spooky Mormon Hell Dream" was originally called "H-E Double Hockey Sticks."

Workshops

Lopez pushed to "workshop" the project, which baffled Parker and Stone, clueless about what he meant.^[4] Developmental workshops were directed by Jason Moore, and starred Cheyenne Jackson.^[12] Other actors in readings included Benjamin Walker and Daniel Reichard.^[23] The crew embarked on the first of a half-dozen workshops that would take place during the next four years, ranging from 30-minute mini-performances for family and friends to much larger-scale renderings of the embryonic show. They spent hundreds of thousands of dollars of their own money, still unconvinced they would take it any further.^[4] In February 2008, a fully staged reading starred Walker and Josh Gad as Elders Price and Cunningham, respectively.^[23] Moore was originally set to direct, but left the production in June 2010.^[13] Other directors, including James Lapine, were optioned to join the creative team, but the producers recruited Casey Nicholaw.^[13] A final five-week workshop took place in August 2010, when Nicholaw came on board as choreographer and co-director with Parker.^[4]

Broadway premiere

Producers Scott Rudin and Anne Garefino originally planned to stage The Book of Mormon off-Broadway at the New York Theatre Workshop in summer 2010, but opted to premiere it directly on Broadway, "[s]ince the guys [Parker and Stone] work best when the stakes are highest."^[13] Rudin and Garefino booked the Eugene O'Neill Theatre and hired key players while sets were designed and built.^[4] The producers expected the production to cost $11 million, but it came in under budget at $9 million.^[13] Hundreds of actors auditioned and 28 were cast. The crew did four weeks of rehearsals, with an additional two weeks of technical rehearsals, and then went directly into previews. The producers first heard the musical with the full pit six days before the first paying audience.^[4]

Productions

Broadway (2011–)

On April 25, 2011, the producers confirmed that "counterfeit tickets to the Broadway production had been sold to and presented by theatergoers on at least five different occasions". An article in The New York Times reported, "In each case, the tickets were purchased on Craigslist, and while a single seller is suspected, the ticket purchases have taken place in different locations each time. ... [T]he production’s management and Jujamcyn Theaters, which operates the O’Neill, had notified the New York Police Department".^[17]

The New York production of The Book of Mormon employed an innovative pricing strategy, similar to the ones used in the airline and hotel industries. The producers charged as much as $477 for the best seats for performances with particularly high demand.^[18] The strategy paid off handsomely. During its first year, the show was consistently one of the top five best-selling shows on Broadway and set 22 new weekly sales records for the Eugene O'Neill Theater. For the week of Thanksgiving 2011, the average paid admission was over $170 even though the highest-priced regular seat was listed at $155.^[19] High attendance coupled with aggressive pricing allowed the financial backers to recoup their investment of $11.4 million after just nine months of performances.^[20]

After Gad's departure in June 2012, standby Jared Gertner played the role, until June 26 when Cale Krise permanently took over the role as Gertner left to play Elder Cunningham in the First National Tour. Two days after Gad left (June 2012), original star Rannells was replaced by his standby Nic Rouleau. The same day, Samantha Marie Ware played Nabulungi on Broadway as the start of a six-week engagement (James was shooting a film) in preparation for her tour performance.^[21] Following Rouleau's departure in November 2012 (to originate the role of Elder Price in Chicago), the role of Elder Price was taken over by Matt Doyle.^[22] In December 2012, Jon Bass joined as Elder Cunningham. Original cast member Rory O'Malley was replaced by Matt Loehr in January 2013.

In April 2013, Stanley Wayne Mathis joined the cast as Mafala Hatimbi. In May 2013, Jon Bass left the role of Elder Cunningham, and was replaced by Cody Jamison Strand. After Doyle and Strand's contracts finished in January 2014, Rouleau and Ben Platt (who had previously played the role of Elder Cunningham while in Chicago with Rouleau) joined the Broadway cast to reprise their roles as Elder Price and Elder Cunningham. On August 26, 2014, Grey Henson took over for Loehr as Elder McKinley. Henson had previously played the role on the first national tour. Rouleau and Platt left Broadway in January 2015. They were replaced by Gavin Creel and Christopher John O'Neill who played the roles of Price and Cunningham (respectively) on the first national tour. On January 3, 2016, Creel left the show after three and a half years. He was replaced by Kyle Selig, former second national tour Elder Price standby, who was scheduled to play the role through February 21, 2016.

On January 25, 2016, Christopher John O'Neill was temporarily replaced by longtime Elder Cunningham standby Nyk Bielak. Bielak has been a standby for Elder Cunningham in all three North American companies before becoming the Broadway Elder Cunningham. On February 17, 2016, Nic Rouleau announced via Twitter that he would be taking over the role of Elder Price starting on February 23, 2016. This will be Rouleau's third time playing the role on Broadway; he previously played the role in Chicago, the second national tour, and most recently, the West End. O'Neill and Rouleau's first performance together was on February 23, 2016. August 21, 2016 was Grey Henson's last performance as Elder McKinley. On August 23, 2016, Henson was replaced by Stephen Ashfield who came over from the West End Production. On November 7, 2016, Nikki Rene Daniels announced she was pregnant with her second child, and would be going on maternity leave. Later that week, Kim Exum then took over the role of Nabalungi.

On February 20, 2017, Chris O'Neill and Daniel Breaker had their final performances as Elder Cunningham and Mafala Hatimbi. O'Neill was replaced by Brian Sears, who came over from the London production. Breaker was replaced by Billy Eugene Jones. On February 18, 2018, after six and a half years with the show, original cast member Nic Rouleau played his final performance as Elder Price. Original cast member Brian Sears also left the production that day. Rouleau was replaced by Dave Thomas Brown. Sears was replaced by longtime Elder Cunningham (on both Broadway and the second national tour) Cody Jamison Strand. Other Broadway cast members include original Broadway cast member Lewis Cleale as Joseph Smith/Mission President and other roles, and Derrick Williams as the General.

First U.S. national tour (2012–2016)

The first North American tour began previews on August 14, 2012 at the Denver Center for the Performing Arts in Denver, Colorado, before moving to the Pantages Theatre in Los Angeles beginning September 5, with the official opening night for the tour on September 12. Originally planned to begin in December 2012, production was pushed forward four months.^[23] Gavin Creel (Price) and Jared Gertner (Cunningham) led the cast^[24] until late December when West End performer Mark Evans and Christopher John O'Neill took over, allowing time for Creel and Gertner to begin rehearsals for their move to the West End production. After Evans left the show on June 30, 2014, Broadway Elder Price stand-by K.J. Hippensteel temporarily covered as Elder Price. Hippensteel returned to Broadway and Ryan Bondy (who was covering for Hippensteel as the Broadway Elder Price stand-by) took over the role of Elder Price. Bondy continued on as Elder Price until Creel returned from London later in the summer of 2014. When Creel and O'Neill left the touring production to join the Broadway production, Bondy again took over the role of Elder Price while Chad Burris took over for O'Neill as Elder Cunningham. The two were only leads for six weeks as they waited for replacements to come from the West End Production. Billy Harrigan Tighe and A.J. Holmes moved over from the West End production to reprise their roles as Elders Price and Cunningham, respectively. Bondy and Burris then returned to the second national tour as stand-bys for Elder Price and Elder Cunningham.

As part of the tour, the musical was performed in Salt Lake City for the first time at the end of July and early August 2015.^[25]

Chicago (2012–2013)

The first replica sit-down production, separate from the tour, began previews on December 11, 2012, and officially opened on December 19 of that year, at the Bank of America Theatre in Chicago, Illinois as part of Broadway in Chicago. The limited engagement closed October 6, 2013 and became the second U.S. national tour.^[26]^[27]^[28] The cast included Nic Rouleau in the role of Price, along with Ben Platt as Cunningham.^[29]

West End (2013–)

A UK production debuted in the West End on February 25, 2013 at the Prince of Wales Theatre.^[30] Gavin Creel and Jared Gertner reprised their North American tour performances.^[31] The London cast members hosted a gala performance of the new musical on March 13, 2013, raising £200,000 for the British charity Comic Relief's Red Nose Day.^[32] A typical London performance runs two hours and 30 minutes,^[33] including an interval of 15 minutes.^[34] In March 2014, The Book of Mormon was voted Funniest West End Show as part of the 2014 West End Frame Awards.^[35] On July 28, 2014, both Creel and Gertner left the production. Creel left the West End production to return to the first national tour and was replaced by his stand-by, Billy Harrigan Tighe. Gertner was replaced by one of his stand-bys, A.J. Holmes, who had previously played Cunningham on both the national tour and Broadway.

After February 2, 2015, Broadway actor Nic Rouleau was cast in the role of Elder Kevin Price, replacing Billy Harrigan Tighe; Brian Sears, who also starred on Broadway (as an ensemble member), replaced A.J. Holmes as Elder Cunningham.^[36] Tighe and Holmes then joined the cast of the first national tour, filling the void left when Creel and O'Neill left the tour to play the leads on Broadway. On January 25, 2016 Rouleau announced via Twitter that January 30, 2016 would be his last performance as Elder Price in the West End. On February 1, 2016, longtime Broadway stand-by K.J. Hippensteel officially took over the role as Elder Price in the West End cast.^[37] On August 6, 2016 Stephen Ashfield had his last performance as Elder McKinley, as he was transferring over to the Broadway production. On August 9, 2016 Steven Webb took over for Ashfield as Elder McKinley. On January 14, 2017 Brian Sears performed his last performance in the West End. Sears left London to join the Broadway company on February 20. Sears was replaced by longtime second national tour Elder Cunningham, Cody Jamison Strand. Strand's first performance was on January 30, 2017 as he left the West End Company to rejoin the Broadway production.

The 2018/19 cast includes Dom Simpson as Elder Price and J. Michael Finley as Elder Cunningham. Finley is coming to the West End production having recently been the stand-by for Elder Cunningham for the Broadway production.

Second U.S. national tour (2013–)

After the Chicago production closed on October 6, 2013, the same production began touring the U.S. Platt never went on tour with the production and Rouleau performed in only a few cities on the tour before they both moved to New York and started rehearsals in preparation for joining the Broadway production. David Larsen succeeded Nic Rouleau as Elder Price, A.J. Holmes succeeded Ben Platt as Elder Cunningham, and Cody Jamison Strand then succeeded A.J. Holmes in the role.^[38] December 14, 2014 was Pierce Cassedy's last performance as Elder McKinley. He was replaced by former Broadway swing Daxton Bloomquist. On January 3, 2016, Larsen completed his final show as Elder Price. Larsen was replaced by his stand-by, Ryan Bondy. Gabe Gibbs replaced Bondy as Elder Price in October 2016. Oge Agulué replaced David Aron Damane as the General in December 2016. On January 1, 2017 Cody Jamison Strand had his last performance as Elder Cunningham. Strand left the show to join the West End production. Strand was replaced by Conner Pierson on January 3, 2017. On October 24, 2017 long-time ensemble member Kevin Clay assumed the role of Elder Price. Clay had been with the tour since November 2015, and worked his way up from ensemble, to Elder Price understudy, to Elder Price stand-by, before finally assuming the role.^[39] Bondy left the touring cast to take over the role of Elder Price in the Melbourne production. Other cast members include Kayla Pecchioni as Nabulungi, PJ Adzima as Elder McKinley, and Sterling Jarvis as Mafala Hatimbi. January 28, 2018 was PJ Adzima's last performance as Elder McKinley. He was replaced by Andy Huntington Jones.

Australia national tour (2017–)

The Australian production of Book of Mormon opened at Melbourne's Princess Theatre on January 18, 2017. Ryan Bondy and A.J. Holmes reprised their roles as Elder Price and Elder Cunningham respectively. Other cast members included Zahra Newman as Nabulungi, Bert Labonté as Mafala, and Rowan Witt as Elder McKinley.^[40] The production moved to the Sydney Lyric theater on February 28, 2018.^[41] The tour moves to Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth in 2019.^[42]

Nordic countries

The first non-English version of the musical opened at the Chinateatern in Stockholm, Sweden, in January 2017.^[43] A Norwegian production opened at Det Norske Teatret in Oslo, Norway September 2017^[44] to favorable reviews with demand crashing the ticketing website.^[45] The musical opened in Denmark at Copenhagen's Det Ny Teater in January 2018.^[46]

UK Tour (2019)

The UK tour will open at the Palace Theatre in Manchester on 6 July 2019, marking the first UK dates other than the West End production.^[47]^[48]

Synopsis

Act I

At an LDS Church Missionary Training Center, devout, supercilious missionary-to-be Elder Kevin Price leads his classmates in a demonstration of the door-to-door method to convert people to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints ("Hello!"). Price believes if he prays enough, he will be sent to Orlando, Florida for his two-year mission, but he and Elder Arnold Cunningham, an insecure, compulsive liar, find out that they will instead be sent to Uganda as a pair ("Two by Two"). Price is sure he is destined to do something incredible, while Cunningham is just happy to follow ("You and Me (But Mostly Me)").

Upon arrival in northern Uganda, the two are robbed by soldiers of a local warlord, General Butt-Fucking Naked. They are welcomed to the village by Mafala Hatimbi, where a group of villagers share their daily reality of living in appalling conditions while being ruled by the General. To make their lives seem better, the villagers repeat a phrase that translates as "Fuck you, God!"^[49] ("Hasa Diga Eebowai").

Price and Cunningham are led to their living quarters by a Nabulungi, Hatimbi's daughter. They meet their fellow missionaries stationed in the area, who have been unable to convert anyone to the Church. Elder McKinley, the district leader, teaches Price and Cunningham thought suppression, a widely accepted method of dealing with the negative and upsetting feelings ("Turn It Off"). By the time they go to bed that night, Price is riddled with anxiety, but Cunningham reassures him that he will succeed and that, as his partner, Cunningham will be by his side no matter what ("I Am Here for You").

Price is certain he can succeed where the other elders have failed, teaching the villagers about Joseph Smith through a song that begins as a tribute to Smith but eventually descends into a tribute by Price to himself ("All-American Prophet"). The General arrives and announces his demand for the genital mutilation of all female villagers. After a villager protests, the General executes him. Taking every last measure to protect her, Hatimbi commands Nabulungi to stay in their house with all the doors locked and windows closed. She protests, insisting that the women of the village won't have to stay in hiding if they just listen to the missionaries, as they hold the secrets to liberation, protection, and eternal happiness. Though her protests to go out and talk to them fail, she calms down after remembering how she was moved by Price's promise of an earthly paradise and dreams of going to live in that new land with all of her fellow villagers ("Sal Tlay Ka Siti").

The mission president has requested a progress report on their mission. Shocked by the execution and the reality of Africa, Price decides to abandon his mission and requests a transfer to Orlando, while Cunningham, ever loyal, assures Price he will follow him anywhere ("I Am Here for You [Reprise]"). However, Price unceremoniously dumps him as mission companion. Cunningham is crushed and alone, but when Nabulungi comes to him, wanting to learn more about the Book of Mormon and having convinced the villagers to listen to him, Cunningham finds the courage to take control of the situation ("Man Up").

Act II

When the villagers begin to get frustrated at Cunningham's teaching of the Book of Mormon and leave, Cunningham quickly makes up stories by combining what he knows of LDS doctrine with pieces of science fiction and fantasy. Cunningham's conscience (personified by his father, Joseph Smith, hobbits, Lt. Uhura, Darth Vader, and Yoda) admonishes him, but he rationalizes that if it helps people, it surely cannot be wrong ("Making Things Up Again").

Price joyfully arrives in Orlando but then realizes that he is dreaming. He is reminded of the nightmares of hell he had as a child and panics when his nightmare begins once again ("Spooky Mormon Hell Dream"). Price awakens and decides to re-commit to his mission.

Cunningham announces several Ugandans are interested in the church. McKinley points out that unless the General is dealt with, no one will convert. Price, seeing the chance to prove his worth, sets off on the "mission he was born to do". After re-affirming his faith, he confronts the General determined to convert him ("I Believe"). The General is unimpressed and drags Price away.

Cunningham concludes his preaching and the villagers are baptized, with Nabulungi and Cunningham sharing a tender moment as they do ("Baptize Me"). The missionaries feel oneness with the people of Uganda and celebrate ("I Am Africa"). Price is seen in the village doctor's office, having the Book of Mormon removed from his rectum. Meanwhile, the General hears of the villagers' conversion and resolves to kill them all.

Having lost his faith, Price drowns his sorrows in coffee. Cunningham finds Price and tells him they need to at least act like mission companions, as the mission president is coming to visit the Ugandan mission. Price reflects on all the broken promises the Church, his parents, his friends and life in general made to him.

Nabulungi and the villagers perform a pageant for the mission president to "honor [them] with the story of Joseph Smith, the American Moses" ("Joseph Smith American Moses"), which reflects the distortions put forth by Cunningham, such as having sex with a frog to cure their AIDS. The mission president is appalled, orders all the missionaries to go home, and tells Nabulungi that she and her fellow villagers are not members. Nabulungi, heartbroken at the thought that she will never reach paradise, curses God for forsaking her ("Hasa Diga Eebowai [Reprise]"). Price has had an epiphany and realizes Cunningham was right all along: though scriptures are important, what is more important is getting the message across ("You and Me (But Mostly Me) [Reprise]").

The General arrives, and Nabulungi is ready to submit to him, telling the villagers that the stories Cunningham told them are untrue. To her shock, they respond that they have always known that the stories were metaphors rather than the literal truth. Price and Cunningham arrive just in time to use Cunningham's lies of the latter being resurrected after being eaten by lions to scare the General and his men away. Price rallies the members of the Church and the Ugandans to work together to make this their paradise. Later, the newly minted Ugandan elders go door to door to evangelize "The Book of Arnold" ("Tomorrow Is a Latter Day"/"Hello! [Reprise]"/"Encore").

Music

Musical numbers

Instrumentation

Original Broadway cast recording

A cast recording of the original Broadway production was released on May 17, 2011, by Ghostlight Records. All of the songs featured on stage are present on the recording with the exception of "I Am Here For You" (Reprise), "Orlando" (Reprise), "Hasa Diga Eebowai" (Reprise) and "You and Me (But Mostly Me)" (Reprise). "Hello" (Reprise) and the "Encore" are attached to the end of the last track of the CD, titled, "Tomorrow Is a Latter Day". A free preview of the entire recording was released on NPR starting on May 9, 2011.^[52]^[53]^[54] Excerpts from the cast recording are featured in an extended Fresh Air interview.^[8]

During its first week of its iTunes Store release, the recording became "the fastest-selling Broadway cast album in iTunes history," according to representatives for the production, ranking No. 2 on its day of release on the iTunes Top 10 Chart. According to Playbill, "It's a rare occurrence for a Broadway cast album to place among the iTunes best sellers."^[55] The record has received positive reviews, with Rolling Stone calling the recording an "outstanding album that highlights the wit of the lyrics and the incredible tunefulness of the songs while leaving you desperate to score tickets to see the actual show."^[56] Although the cast album had a respectable debut on the US Billboard 200 chart in its initial week of release, after the show's success at the 2011 Tony Awards, the record rapidly ascended the chart to number three, making it the highest-charting Broadway cast album in over four decades.^[57]^[58]

Characters and cast members

Original casts

Themes and references

Reception

However, The Wall Street Journal's Terry Teachout called the show "slick and smutty: The Book of Mormon is the first musical to open on Broadway since La Cage aux Folles that has the smell of a send-in-the-tourists hit. ... The amateurish part relates mostly to the score, which is jointly credited to the three co-creators and is no better than what you might hear at a junior-varsity college show. The tunes are jingly-jangly, the lyrics embarrassingly ill-crafted."^[71] Other critics have called the show "crassly commercial"^[72] as well as "dull" and "derivative".^[73]

The show's depiction of Africans has been called racist.^[74] NPR's Janice Simpson notes that "the show doesn't work unless the villagers are seen mainly as noble savages who need white people to show them the way to enlightenment." She further criticized the depiction of African doctors as well as the references to AIDS and female genital mutilation.^[75] Max Perry Mueller of Harvard writes that "The Book of Mormon producers worked so hard to get the 'Mormon thing' right, while completely ignoring the Ugandan culture".^[76] The Aid Leap blog noted that "the gleeful depiction of traditional stereotypes about Africa (dead babies, warlord, HIV, etc.) reinforced rather than challenged general preconceptions", and "the Africans are just a background to the emotional development of the Mormons".^[77]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints response

The response of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to the musical has been described as "measured."^[78] The church released an official response to inquiries regarding the musical, stating, "The production may attempt to entertain audiences for an evening, but the Book of Mormon as a volume of scripture will change people's lives forever by bringing them closer to Christ."^[79] Michael Otterson, the head of Public Affairs for the church, followed in April 2011 with measured criticism. "Of course, parody isn't reality, and it's the very distortion that makes it appealing and often funny. The danger is not when people laugh but when they take it seriously—if they leave a theater believing that Mormons really do live in some kind of a surreal world of self-deception and illusion," Otterson wrote, outlining various humanitarian efforts achieved by Mormon missionaries in Africa since the early 2000s.^[80]^[81] Stone and Parker were unsurprised:^[8]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has advertised in the playbills at many of the musical's venues to encourage attendees to learn more about the Book of Mormon, with phrases like "you've seen the play, now read the book" and "the book is always better."^[82]

In Melbourne during the 2017 run, the Church advertised at Southern Cross railway station and elsewhere in the city, as well as on television with ads featuring prominent Australian Mormons, including rugby league player Will Hopoate, stage actor Patrice Tipoki and ballet dancer Jake Mangakahia.^[83]

Mormons themselves have had varying responses to the musical. Richard Bushman, professor of Mormon studies, said of the musical, "Mormons experience the show like looking at themselves in a fun-house mirror. The reflection is hilarious but not really you. The nose is yours but swollen out of proportion."^[84] Bushman said that the musical was not meant to explain Mormon belief, and that many of the ideas in Elder Price's "I Believe" (like God living on a planet called Kolob), though having some roots in Mormon belief, are not doctrinally accurate.^[84]^[85]

When asked in January 2015 if he had met Mormons who disliked the musical, Gad stated "In the 1.5 years I did that show, I never got a single complaint from a practicing Mormon ... To the contrary, I probably had a few people – a dozen – tell me they were so moved by the show that they took up the Mormon faith."^[86]

Awards and honors

Broadway production

London production

Melbourne production

See also

References

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2. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/05/19/136142322/book-of-mormon-creators-on-their-broadway-smash |title='Book Of Mormon' Creators On Their Broadway Smash|work=NPR|date= May 20, 2011}}
3. ^{{cite news|title=The 29 Top Grossing Broadway Shows of All Time|url=http://www.playbill.com/gallery/the-29-top-grossing-broadway-shows-of-all-time?slide=23|website=www.playbill.com|accessdate=27 August 2018|work=|date=}}
4. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰{{cite news| url= http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/why-south-parks-trey-parker-171189 | title= Why South Park{{'}}s Trey Parker and Matt Stone Now Say It's 'Wrong' to Offend | date= March 24, 2011|work=The Hollywood Reporter | accessdate=May 19, 2011 | first=Stephen | last=Galloway}}
5. ^¹²Zoglin, Richard. "Bigger, Live and Uncut", Time magazine, March 28, 2011, pp. 70–72
6. ^{{Cite news |url= http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/14/south-park-and-avenue-q-guys-bringing-book-of-mormon-to-broadway/ |title= ‘South Park’ and ‘Avenue Q’ Guys Bringing ‘Book of Mormon’ to Broadway |last= Itzkoff |first= Dave |date=April 14, 2010 |accessdate=April 14, 2010 |newspaper= The New York Times }}
7. ^¹²{{Citation |last=Jones |first=Kenneth |title=Playbill{{'s}} brief encounter with Robert Lopez |newspaper=Playbill |date=April 4, 2011 |url=http://www.playbill.com/celebritybuzz/article/149477-PLAYBILLCOMS-BRIEF-ENCOUNTER-With-Robert-Lopez |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511010339/http://www.playbill.com/celebritybuzz/article/149477-PLAYBILLCOMS-BRIEF-ENCOUNTER-With-Robert-Lopez |archivedate=May 11, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}
8. ^¹²{{cite web| url= https://www.npr.org/2011/05/19/136142322/book-of-mormon-creators-on-their-broadway-smash | title= Book Of Mormon Creators On Their Broadway Smash | work= Fresh Air | date= May 19, 2011| publisher= NPR| accessdate=May 19, 2011}}
9. ^Gardener, Elysa. "'South Park' duo goes Broadway: 'Mormon' is a 'pro-faith musical'". Stage. USA Today. February 21, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
10. ^{{cite web|last=Marx|first=Jeff|title=the Creation of Avenue Q|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Jtx7HmBAgs&t=30m15s|work=Video|publisher=Youtube|accessdate=November 12, 2012}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=comingsoon|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=94675}}
12. ^{{Citation |last= Adams |first= Guy |title= Mormons to get 'South Park' treatment |newspaper= The Independent |date= November 19, 2008 |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/mormons-to-get-south-park-treatment-1024598.html |location=London}}
13. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/15/theater/theaterspecial/the-path-of-the-book-of-mormon-to-broadway.html?pagewanted=1&ref=theater# | work=The New York Times | first=Patrick | last=Healy | title=The Path of ‘The Book of Mormon' to Broadway | date=May 13, 2011}}
14. ^{{cite news|first = Peggy Fletcher|last = Stack|authorlink = Peggy Fletcher Stack|url = http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/51314880-78/mormon-lds-book-mormons.html.csp|title = ‘Book of Mormon’ musical called surprisingly sweet|publisher = The Salt Lake Tribune|date = February 25, 2011}}
15. ^"'The Book Of Mormon' to Open at Eugene O'Neill 3/24; Previews 2/24", broadwayworld.com, September 13, 2010
16. ^¹"'The Book Of Mormon' Cast Announced!", broadwayworld.com, November 17, 2010
17. ^{{cite news|last=Itzkoff|first=David|title=Heavens! Fake Tickets Showing Up at ‘Book of Mormon’ on Broadway|url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/25/heavens-fake-tickets-showing-up-at-book-of-mormon-on-broadway/?ref=theater|work=The New York Times|accessdate=April 25, 2011|date=April 25, 2011}}
18. ^{{cite news | last = Healy | first = Patrick | title = Broadway Hits Make Most of Premium Pricing | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/25/arts/new-pricing-strategy-makes-the-most-of-hot-broadway-tickets.html?pagewanted=all# |work=The New York Times | accessdate =November 30, 2011 | date = November 24, 2011}}
19. ^{{cite news | last = Healy | first = Patrick | title = Thanksgiving Week Broadway Box Office Stuffed with Good News | url = http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/28/thanksgiving-week-broadway-box-office-stuffed-with-good-news/ |work=The New York Times | accessdate =November 30, 2011 | date = November 28, 2011}}
20. ^{{cite news | last = Healy | first = Patrick | title = In Only Nine Months, ‘Book of Mormon’ Earns Back Its Broadway Costs | url = http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/29/in-only-nine-months-on-broadway-book-of-mormon-earns-back-its-costs/?ref=theater# |work=The New York Times | accessdate =November 30, 2011 | date = November 29, 2011}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/166746-Two-By-Two-Josh-Gad-and-Andrew-Rannells-Will-Be-Succeeded-By-Jared-Gertner-and-Nic-Rouleau-in-Book-of-Mormon |title="Two By Two": Josh Gad and Andrew Rannells Will Be Succeeded by Jared Gertner and Nic Rouleau in Book of Mormon |publisher=Playbill.com |date= |accessdate=June 2, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829143403/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/166746-Two-By-Two-Josh-Gad-and-Andrew-Rannells-Will-Be-Succeeded-By-Jared-Gertner-and-Nic-Rouleau-in-Book-of-Mormon |archivedate=August 29, 2012 |df= }}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.broadway.com/buzz/165360/matt-doyle-to-play-elder-price-on-broadway-in-the-book-of-mormon/|title=Matt Doyle to Play Elder Price on Broadway in The Book of Mormon|publisher=|accessdate=May 29, 2017}}
23. ^Hetrick, Adam. "'The Book of Mormon' Will Launch National Tour Four Months Early" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002135547/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/154255-The-Book-of-Mormon-Will-Launch-National-Tour-Four-Months-Early |date=October 2, 2011 }} Playbill.com, September 2, 2012
24. ^Hetrick, Adam. [https://archive.is/20130131193009/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/169027-Hello-National-Tour-of-The-Book-of-Mormon-Starring-Gavin-Creel-and-Jared-Gertner-Launches-Aug-14-in-Denver "Hello! National Tour of 'The Book of Mormon', Starring Gavin Creel and Jared Gertner, Launches Aug. 14 in Denver"] playbill.com, August 14, 2012
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://bookofmormonbroadway.com/tour |title=The Book of Mormon on Broadway | Official Site | Tour Schedule |publisher=Bookofmormonbroadway.com |date=2015-10-29 |accessdate=2017-05-29}}
26. ^Hetrick, Adam. "'The Book of Mormon' Will Open Separate Chicago Company in 2012" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003193159/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/154291-The-Book-of-Mormon-Will-Open-Separate-Chicago-Company-in-2012 |date=October 3, 2011 }} Playbill.com, September 7, 2011
27. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-12-31/entertainment/chi-more-tickets-chicago-book-of-mormon_1_mormon-tickets-sale |title=Book of Mormon announces Chicago cast |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102013232/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-12-31/entertainment/chi-more-tickets-chicago-book-of-mormon_1_mormon-tickets-sale |archivedate=January 2, 2013 }}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.broadway.com/buzz/165347/pitch-perfects-ben-platt-and-nic-rouleau-to-star-in-the-book-of-mormon-in-chicago/|title=Pitch Perfect’s Ben Platt and Nic Rouleau to Star in The Book of Mormon in Chicago|publisher=|accessdate=May 29, 2017}}
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30. ^Shenton, Mark. " 'The Book of Mormon' Plans West End Premiere; London Website Launched, Tickets to Go on Sale in September" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611014250/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/166820-The-Book-of-Mormon-Plans-West-End-Premiere-London-Website-Launched-Tickets-to-Go-on-Sale-in-September |date=June 11, 2012 }} playbill.com, June 7, 2012
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://broadwayworld.com/article/Gavin-Creel-and-Jared-Gertner-to-Reprise-Broadway-Roles-in-West-Ends-THE-BOOK-OF-MORMON-Beginning-Feb-2013-20121108|title=Gavin Creel and Jared Gertner to Reprise National Tour Roles in West End's THE BOOK OF MORMON, Beginning Feb 2013|first=BWW News|last=Desk|publisher=|accessdate=May 29, 2017}}
32. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Photo-Flash-James-Corden-More-Attend-BOOK-OF-MORMONs-Red-Nose-Gala-Performance-20130314 | title=James Corden & More Attend BOOK OF MORMON's Red Nose Gala Performance | publisher=Broadway World | work=broadwayworld.com | date=March 14, 2013 | accessdate=December 24, 2013}}
33. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.timeout.com/london/theatre/the-book-of-mormon | title=The Book of Mormon | publisher=Time Out | work=timeout.com | accessdate=December 24, 2013}}
34. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.london-theatreland.co.uk/theatres/prince-of-wales-theatre/book-of-mormon.php | title=BOOK OF MORMON | publisher=London Theatreland | work=london-theatreland.co.uk | accessdate=December 24, 2013}}
35. ^{{cite web|last=End |first=West |url=http://www.westendframe.com/2014/03/the-book-of-mormon-voted-funniest-west.html |title=The Book of Mormon voted Funniest West End Show |publisher=West End Frame |date=March 14, 2014 |accessdate=June 2, 2014}}
36. ^[https://www.londontheatredirect.com/news/1583/The-Book-Of-Mormon---Shakespeare-In-Love-Welcome-New-Casts--2015-Theatre-Gossip---More--WestEndUpdate.aspx The Book Of Mormon & Shakespeare In Love Welcome New Casts, 2015 Theatre Gossip + More #WestEndUpdate]. LondonTheatreDirect.com. Retrieved: January 15, 2015
37. ^Extension for the Book of Mormon in West End boxoffice.co.uk
38. ^Hetrick, Adam. "Chicago Engagement of The Book of Mormon to End This Fall; Additional Stops in L.A. and Denver Planned" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610000411/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/178078-Chicago-Engagement-of-The-Book-of-Mormon-to-End-This-Fall-Additional-Stops-in-LA-and-Denver-Planned |date=June 10, 2013 }} Playbill.com, May 17, 2013
39. ^{{cite web|last1=Wainman|first1=Laura|title=Hello! Fairfax native makes Kennedy Center debut in The Book of Mormon|url=http://dcrefined.com/city-living/hello-fairfax-native-makes-kennedy-center-debut-in-the-book-of-mormon|website=dcrefined|accessdate=8 December 2017}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.starnow.com/listing/715037/general-auditions-book-mormon/|title=General Auditions for The Book of Mormon|date=October 21, 2015|website=StarNow|access-date=2016-01-31}}
41. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/musicals/the-mormons-are-coming-the-book-of-mormon-announces-sydney-season-in-2018-20170903-gy9new.html|title=The Mormons are coming: The Book of Mormon announces Sydney season in 2018|last=Cooper|first=Nathanael|date=2017-09-04|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=2018-02-10|language=en-US}}
42. ^{{Cite news|url=http://musicfeeds.com.au/culture/the-book-of-mormon-brisbane-adelaide-premiere-dates-announced/|title='The Book Of Mormon' Brisbane & Adelaide Premiere Dates Announced|last=Langford|first=Jackson|date=2018-08-05|work=Music Feeds|access-date=2018-10-01|language=en-US}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/sweden/article/THE-BOOK-OF-MORMON-Opens-in-Sweden-2017-20160217|title=THE BOOK OF MORMON Opens in Sweden 2017|last=|first=|date=February 17, 2016|website=BroadwayWorld.com|publisher=|access-date=}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.detnorsketeatret.no/the-book-of-mormon-til-det-norske-teatret|title=THE BOOK OF MORMON TIL DET NORSKE TEATRET|last=|first=|date=March 31, 2016|website=www.detnorsketeatret.no|publisher=|access-date=}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/kultur/nye-billetter-til-_book-of-mormon_-forte-til-nytt-krasj-1.13675225|title=Nye billetter til «Book Of Mormon» førte til nytt krasj|last=Sommer|first=Petter|date=September 6, 2017|website=Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK)|access-date=}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://cphpost.dk/general/the-book-of-mormon-coming-to-denmark.html|title=‘The Book of Mormon’ coming to Denmark|last=Weaver|first=Ray|date=May 11, 2016|website=The Copenhagen Post|language=|access-date=2016-05-11}}
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76. ^{{cite web|last1=Mueller|first1=Max Perry|title=A Cringe-worthy Depiction of Africa|url=http://bulletin.hds.harvard.edu/articles/summerautumn2012/cringe-worthy-depiction-africa|website=Harvard Divinity School|accessdate=6 March 2017}}
77. ^{{cite web|title=Is the "Book of Mormon – the Musical" racist?|url=https://aidleap.org/2014/01/20/is-the-book-of-mormon-the-musical-racist/|website=Aid Leap|accessdate=6 March 2017}}
78. ^Sean P. Means, "Testing Mormons’ tolerance for mockery," The Salt Lake Tribune, February 22, 2011.
79. ^{{cite web |url= http://newsroom.lds.org/article/church-statement-regarding-the-book-of-mormon-broadway-musical | title = Church Statement Regarding The Book of Mormon Musical | date = February 7, 2011 | publisher = LDS Church | accessdate =February 6, 2011}}
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88. ^Jones, Kenneth. "Drama Desk Awards Go to Book of Mormon, Normal Heart, War Horse, Sutton Foster, Norbert Leo Butz" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629120949/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/151111-Drama-Desk-Awards-Go-to-Book-of-Mormon-Normal-Heart-War-Horse-Sutton-Foster-Norbert-Leo-Butz |date=June 29, 2011 }}, playbill.com, May 23, 2011.
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98. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web |title=Past nominees and winners |url=http://www.helpmannawards.com.au/2017/past-nominees-and-winners/musicals |website=Helpmann Awards |accessdate=25 February 2019}}