| 词条 | Mohammed V of Morocco |
| 释义 |
| name = Mohammed V of Morocco محمد الخامس | title = Amir al-Mu'minin | image= | succession = King of Morocco | reign = 14 August 1957 – {{nowrap|26 February 1961}} | successor = Hassan II | succession1 = Sultan of Morocco | reg-type = {{nowrap|Prime Ministers}} | regent = {{list collapsed|title=See list|1=Mbarek Bekkay Ahmed Balafrej Abdallah Ibrahim}} | reign1 = 30 October 1955 – {{nowrap|14 August 1957}} | predecessor1 = Mohammed Ben Aarafa | reign2 = 17 November 1927 – {{nowrap|20 August 1953}} | predecessor2 = Yusef | successor2 = Mohammed Ben Aarafa | religion = Sunni Islam | 2nd wife = Lalla Bint Mamoun | 3rd wife = Lalla Bahia | royal house = Alaouite dynasty | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1909|8|10}} | birth_place = Fes, Morocco | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1961|2|26|1909|8|10}} | death_place = Rabat, Morocco | place of burial = Royal Mausoleum, Rabat, Morocco | father = Yusef | mother = Lalla Yaqut |son. =mohamed the sixth or,Mohamed al sadis | issue=Princess Fatima Zohra Hassan II Princess Aicha Princess Malika Prince Abdallah Princess Nuzha Princess Amina | spouse = Lalla Hanila bint Mamoun Lalla Abla bint Tahar Lalla Bahia bint Antar }} Mohammad Al-Khamis Ben Youssef Ben Mohammed Al-Alaoui ({{lang-ar|محمد الخامس بن يوسف بن الحسن بن محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن هشام بن محمد بن عبد الله بن إسماعيل بن إسماعيل بن الشريف بن علي العلوي}}), known as Mohammed V (10 August 1909 – 26 February 1961) ({{lang-ar|محمد الخامس}}), was Sultan of Morocco from 1927 to 1953; he was recognized as Sultan again upon his return from exile in 1955, and as King from 1957 to 1961. His full name was Sidi Mohammed ben Yusef, or Son of (Sultan) Yusef, upon whose death he succeeded to the throne. He was a member of the Alaouite dynasty. On 20 August 1953, the French who were occupying Morocco at the time forced Mohammed V and his family into exile on Corsica. His uncle, Mohammed Ben Aarafa, was placed on the throne. Mohammed V and his family were then transferred to Madagascar in January 1954. Mohammed V returned from exile on 16 November 1955, and was again recognized as Sultan after active opposition to the French protectorate. In February 1956 he successfully negotiated with France and Spain for the independence of Morocco, and in 1957 took the title of King. Holocaust"There are competing accounts of exactly what Mohammed V did or did not do for the Moroccan Jewish community" during the Holocaust.[1] However, "though a subject of debate, most scholars stress the benevolence of Mohammed V toward the Jews" during the Vichy era.[2] Mohammed blocked efforts by Vichy officials to impose anti-Jewish legislation upon Morocco and deport the country's 250,000 Jews to their deaths in Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps in Europe.[3] The sultan's stand was "based as much on the insult the Vichy diktats posed to his claim of sovereignty over all his subjects, including the Jews, as on his humanitarian instincts."[3] Partial Nazi race measures were enacted in Morocco over Mohammed's objection,[3] and Mohammed did sign, under the instructions of Vichy officials, two dahirs (decrees) that barred Jews from certain schools and positions.[4] Nevertheless, Mohammed is highly esteemed by Moroccan Jews who credit him for protecting their community from the Nazi and Vichy French government,[1] and Mohammed V has been honored by Jewish organizations for his role in protecting his Jewish subjects during the Holocaust.[5] Some historians maintain that Mohammed's anti-Nazi role has been exaggerated; historian Michel Abitol writes that while Mohammed V was compelled by Vichy officials to sign the anti-Jewish dahirs, "he was more passive than Moncef Bay (ruler of Tunisia during the Second World War) in that he did not take any side and did not engage in any public act that could be interpreted as a rejection of Vichy's policy."[4] Personal lifeMohammed V was one of the sons of Sultan Yusef, who was enthroned by the French in September 1912 and his wife Lalla Yaqut, who was of Turkish origin.[6] His first wife was Lalla Hanila bint Mamoun. They married in 1925.[7][8] She was the mother of his first daughter Lalla Fatima Zohra. His second wife was his first cousin Lalla Abla bint Tahar ({{Lang-ar|لالا عبلة بنت طهار}}) (born 5 September 1909 – died 1 March 1992). She was the daughter of Moulay Mohammed Tahar bin Hassan, son of Hassan I of Morocco. She married Mohammed V in 1929 and died in Rabat on 1 March 1992. She gave birth to five children: the future King Hassan II, Lalla Aicha, Lalla Malika, Moulay Abdallah and Lalla Nuzha.[9] His third wife was Lalla Bahia bint Antar, mother of his last daughter Lalla Amina. DeathHe died on 26 February 1961 following complications of a surgery he had undergone.[10] LegacyThe Mohammed V International Airport and Stade Mohamed V of Casablanca are named after him, as well as numerous universities and various public spaces across Morocco. There is an Avenue Mohammed V in nearly every Moroccan city and a major one in Tunis, Tunisia. In December 2007, The Jewish Daily Forward reported on a secret diplomatic initiative by the Moroccan government to have Mohammed V admitted to the Righteous Among the Nations.[11] Honours
See also
References1. ^1 Jessica M. Marglin, Across Legal Lines: Jews and Muslims in Modern Morocco (Yale University Press, 2016), p. 201. 2. ^Orit Bashkin & Daniel J. Schroeter, "Historical themes: Muslim-Jewish relations in the modern modern Middle East and North Africa" in The Routledge Handbook of Muslim-Jewish Relations (Routledge, 2016), p. 54. 3. ^1 2 Susan Gilson Miller, A History of Modern Morocco (Cambridge University Press, 2013), pp. 142-43. 4. ^1 Abdelilah Bouasria, "The second coming of Morocco's 'Commander of the Faithful': Mohammed VI and Morocco's religious policy" in Contemporary Morocco: State, Politics and Society Under Mohammmed VI (eds. Bruce Maddy-Weitzman & Daniel Zisenwine, 2013), p. 42. 5. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.kivunim.org/press-videos/2015/12/24/kivunim-convocation|title=KIVUNIM Convocation Honoring the Memory of King Mohammed V of Morocco|publisher=Kivunim|date=December 24, 2015}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=Journal d'un Prince Banni: Demain le Maroc|location=9 April 2014|isbn=978-2-246-85166-0|author=Prince Moulay Hicham El Alaoui|edition=Grasset|quote=allait devenir la petite-fille préférée de Hassan II, le roi s’est émerveillé sans aucune gêne des yeux bleus de la nouveau-née. « Elle tient ça de son arrière-grand-mère turque », faisait-il remarquer en rappelant les yeux azur de la mère de Mohammed V}} 7. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKIasrONz1w Triple royal wedding in Morocco] 8. ^{{Cite news|url=http://zeyna.skyrock.com/3228473307-Feue-la-princesse-Lalla-Fatima-Zahra-decedee-le-10-aout-2014.html|title=Feue la princesse Lalla Fatima Zahra décedée le 10 aout 2014|last=Zeyna|date=2014-08-13|work=Skyrock|access-date=2018-02-24|language=fr}} 9. ^International Business Publications, Morocco Foreign Policy and Government Guide p. 84 10. ^{{cite news|title=Mohammed V of Morocco Dies at 51 After Surgery|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/02/27/archives/mohammed-v-of-morocco-dies-at-51-after-surgery-king-mohammed-of.html|quote=King Mohammed V died today after a minor operation. He was 51 years old and had occupied the throne since 1927|publisher=New York Times|date=26 February 1961|accessdate=13 June 2008}} 11. ^An Arab King Righteous Among the Nations?. The Forward, 12 December 2007 12. ^Boletín Oficial del Estado 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.royalark.net/Morocco/morocco12.htm |title=''Royal Ark'' |publisher=Royalark.net |date= |accessdate=3 February 2012}}
External links{{Commons category}}
as King|years=1955–1957}}{{Succession box|title=King of Morocco|before=Himself as Sultan|after=Hassan II|years=1957–1961}}{{S-end}}{{Rulers of Morocco}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohammed V}} 19 : Alaouite dynasty|1909 births|1961 deaths|Sultans of Morocco|Kings of Morocco|World War II political leaders|People from Fez, Morocco|People from Rabat|Moroccan people of Arab descent|Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur|Companions of the Liberation|Grand Cordons of the Order of the Nile|Chief Commanders of the Legion of Merit|Extraordinary Grades of the Order of Merit (Lebanon)|Recipients of the Order of al-Hussein bin Ali|Collars of the Order of Abdulaziz al Saud|Moroccan people of Turkish descent|Moroccan exiles in Madagascar|Independence activists |
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