| 词条 | The Four Feathers (1929 film) |
| 释义 |
| name = The Four Feathers | image = The-Four-Feathers-1929.jpg | caption = Film poster | director = Merian C. Cooper Lothar Mendes Ernest B. Schoedsack | producer = David O. Selznick | writer = Hope Loring Howard Estabrook John Farrow Julian Johnson | based on = {{based on|The Four Feathers 1902 novel|A. E. W. Mason}} | starring = Fay Wray William Powell Noah Beery Sr. Clive Brook Richard Arlen | music = William Frederick Peters | cinematography = Robert Kurrle Merian C. Cooper Ernest B. Schoedsack | editing = Ernest B. Schoedsack | distributor = Paramount Pictures | released = {{film date|1929|6}} | runtime = 80 minutes | country = United States | language = English }}The Four Feathers is a 1929 American war film directed by Merian C. Cooper and starring Fay Wray.[1] The picture has the distinction of being one of the last major Hollywood pictures of the silent era. It was also released by Paramount Pictures in a version with a Movietone soundtrack with music and sound effects only.[2] The film is the third of numerous film versions of the 1902 novel The Four Feathers written by A. E. W. Mason, and the cast features William Powell, Richard Arlen, Clive Brook and Noah Beery Sr. PlotAs children, Harry promises to marry Ethne, but she consents only if he will dress as a soldier. When Harry is still a child, his father tells him stories about the Crimean War, including one where a runaway soldier is spurred into suicide by Harry's father, who sent him a white feather to show his disapproval of cowardice. As a young man, Harry joins the army and is engaged to Ethne. His best friends are Durrance, Trench, and Castleton. Harry receives a telegram that their regiment is being deployed in Sudan, and he resigns from the army. His friends and Ethne find out why Harry resigned and give him four white feathers. Harry's father also disapproves, and gives him a pistol and tells him to shoot himself. Harry decides to act courageously in front of his friends in order to get them to take back their feathers, and travels to Sudan. In Sudan, Trench has been captured by the enemy. Harry saves him, and Trench takes back the white feather. Harry stops a mutiny and saves Castelton from an ambush. Ethne and Harry get back together. Cast
ProductionThe film is based on the 1902 novel by the same name. It was one of the only books in Cooper's possession while he served as a volunteer for the Polish resistance in Kościuszko%27s Squadron. Cooper found the book inspirational. Kamran Rastegar, associate professor of Arabic and comparative literature at Tufts University, noted several parallels between Cooper's life and that of the protagonist of Four Feathers: both were born into military families, expelled from naval colleges, voluntarily enlisted, and escaped from military prisons. Cooper embraced the ideology both of the masculine ideal and the colonial idea that white men had a right to rule over others.[3]{{rp|48–49}} Cooper, Shoedsack, and Shoedsack's wife, Ruth Rose, traveled to Tanzania and Sudan to shoot parts of the film in 1927. Cooper wrote "Two Fighting Tribes of Sudan" for a 1929 National Geographic article using material from the expedition.[4]{{rp|48–49}} Film from the expedition was interweaved with parts shot on sets in Hollywood. Actors were not transported to Sudan, which helped reduce filming costs. Four Feathers was one of the first films to use this technique.[4][5] Cooper oversaw trapping hippopotamuses for a scene where they stampede into a river, and three people died in the process. Cooper also put baboons on a suspension bridge over a river and cut it down in order to film them trying to swim to safety. He whipped villagers into submission for film shooting.[4]{{rp|53–55}} Back in California, the producers built a large camp between Palm Springs and Indio to shoot the actors themselves in fight scenes. Cooper and Shoedsack hired African-Americans from Los Angeles to stand in for Hadendoan Sudanese men.[4]{{rp|56}} Adolph Zukor, Paramont studio head, insisted on the film being silent, though directors wanted it to be a talkie. The film was billed as the "last of the big silent films" even though it had a soundtrack and sound effects.[5] According to Thomas Schatz, producer Selznick saved the film from disaster by conducting retakes and reediting the film after its initial preview.[6] CriticismPeter Limbrick, assistant professor in film and digital media at the University of California, Santa Cruz, noted that Four Feathers is a masculine adventure that values power above other virtues and excludes women.[7]{{rp|29}} Limbrick also noted that the way the film used African-American extras in California to stand in for Hadendoans in Sudan reflected the way white settlers like Cooper viewed their position in society in the United States as mirroring that of the British colonialists invading Sudan.[7]{{rp|56–57}} Cooper's comments to others while abroad showed that he viewed all black people as racially inferior, a settler superiority that leads to the narrative found in The Four Feathers, which is "responding less to the facts of the land than to preexisting colonial visions of it, and disavowing indigenous habitation and meaning."[7]{{rp|58}} Jeffrey Richards referenced how the characters of the young soldiers fulfilled the "Imperial hero" archetype: tall, thin, and mustached.[8] Kamran Rastegar notes that Cooper's Feversham shows resentment and anger when reincorporated into the military and reunited with Ethne. Rather than transforming from a coward to a hero, Feversham seems to be a hero who "has only now found recognition for what he always had been."[3]{{rp|52–53}} According to Rastegar, Cooper's Feversham improved on colonial forms of masculinity by having him display "a brooding sense of ressentiment."[3]{{rp|53–54}} Fear of "a corruption of masculinity" is a constant theme in this and other versions of The Four Feathers; the fantasy of redemption through service to an empire leads to "a revalorization of" colonialism.[3]{{rp|66}} AccoladesThe film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
References1. ^{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/92202/The-Four-Feathers/overview |title=New York Times: The Four Feathers |accessdate=July 22, 2008|work=NY Times | first=Mordaunt | last=Hall}} 2. ^[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0018908/ IMDB entry] 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last1=Rastegar |first1=Kamran |title=Surviving Images: Cinema, War, and Cultural Memory in the Middle East |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199390168 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27qyBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT57&dq=%22four+feathers+(1929)%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjEksjpmvPfAhUeHzQIHWKOByQQ6AEIMDAB#v=onepage&q=%22four%20feathers%20(1929)%22&f=false |chapter=Colonialism, Memory, Masculinity: The Four Feathers and the Redemption of Empire}} 4. ^{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Dinitia |title=Getting That Monkey Off His Creator's Back |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/13/movies/MoviesFeatures/getting-that-monkey-off-his-creators-back.html |accessdate=January 16, 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=August 13, 2005}} 5. ^1 {{Cite archival metadata|author = James V. D'Arc and John N. Gillespie|title = "Creater Info" - Merian C. Cooper papers|url = https://findingaid.lib.byu.edu/viewItem/MSS%202008|repository = L. Tom Perry Special Collections|location = Provo, UT|date = 2000|accessdate = January 16, 2019}} 6. ^{{cite book |last1=Bansak |first1=Edmund G |title=Fearing the dark: the Val Lewton career |date=October 9, 2003 |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=0786417099 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tla20AU48uMC&pg=PA45&dq=%22four+feathers+(1929)%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjEksjpmvPfAhUeHzQIHWKOByQQ6AEIOzAD#v=onepage&q=%22four%20feathers%20(1929)%22&f=false |accessdate=January 17, 2019}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |last1=Limbrick |first1=Peter |title=Making Settler Cinemas |date=2010 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=New York |isbn=978-1-349-28703-1 |chapter=Playing Empire: Settler Masculinities, Adventure, and The Four Feathers (1929)}} 8. ^{{cite book |last1=Richards |first1=Jeffrey |title=Visions of yesterday |date=May 22, 2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=1138994081}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/cheers300.pdf |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers Nominees |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=August 14, 2016}} External links{{commons category}}
18 : 1929 films|1920s historical films|1920s war films|American films|American silent feature films|American black-and-white films|American historical films|American war films|English-language films|Films based on The Four Feathers|Films directed by Ernest B. Schoedsack|Films directed by Merian C. Cooper|Paramount Pictures films|Screenplays by Howard Estabrook|Transitional sound films|Films set in Sudan|Films set in England|Films set in the 19th century |
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