“The Jewish Star (Alberta)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Jewish Star was a newspaper which appeared in two editions, both produced in Calgary, Alberta, from 1980 to 1990.^[1] The fortnightly Calgary edition ({{ISSN|0228-2283}}) of The Jewish Star was the first independent Jewish newspaper published in that city; the monthly Edmonton edition ({{ISSN|0228-6017}}) of The Jewish Star was the first independent Jewish newspaper published for the provincial capital. Both editions were tabloid-sized newspapers (ranging from 8 to 28 pages per issue) mailed on a controlled circulation basis to virtually all Jewish households in each city.

History

Commenting on the start-up of the Calgary edition of The Jewish Star, the Calgary Herald noted that the paper had "avoided some of the more obvious first-issue pitfalls by using good layout, attractive printing free of typographical errors, professional writing by three international Jewish wire services and plenty of local content... there was [also] a heavy advertising content."^[10] After the launch of the Calgary edition (published from August 22, 1980 through June 1, 1990), the Jewish Community Council in Edmonton invited the publishers to produce a separate Edmonton Edition.^[11] It ran as a monthly from December 1980^[12] through June 1990, utilizing some of the same content. While also independent, it received a guaranteed annual purchase of subscriptions (an arrangement voluntarily terminated by The Jewish Star in 1987).^[13]

During the 1980s, the company was the sole independent publisher in Canada of more than one Jewish newspaper.^[14] From around 1984, it began taking on typesetting jobs, including typesetting and photographic services for William D. Peacock's Native Albertan,^[15] the Italian-language newspaper Lo Stivale,^[16] and D. Bercuson and D. Wertheimer's 241-page book, A Trust Betrayed (Doubleday, 1981). In the late 1980s, it made an unsuccessful attempt to purchase the Jewish Western Bulletin of Vancouver.^[17]

Editorial, advertising, circulation

For the Calgary Edition, local news, editorial and advertising content were generated mainly by full-time Jewish Star staff, with other material for that edition coming from freelance writers and syndicated news services. For the Edmonton Edition, over the years a freelance writer provided local news coverage, and for most of the decade advertising was handled by the Dave Moser Agencies in that city. In 1988, controlled circulation for the Calgary edition averaged 1,900 copies, for the Edmonton edition 1,500.^[18] The editorial position of the newspapers was characterized as displaying “a small ‘l’ liberal stance,”^[19] with "no religious axe to grind." ^[20]

Awards and recognition

In A Century of the Canadian Jewish Press: 1880s-1980s, author Lewis Levendel wrote of The Jewish Star editions, “The most exciting event in Canadian Jewish journalism in the 1980s has been the brave attempt by an Alberta couple to launch an independent newspaper... The Stars – by far the most attractive of Canadian Jewish papers – have been showered with praise for their appearance, editorials and news coverage... Outside Alberta, Jewish journalists and communal officials familiar with the Star expressed admiration for the paper”.^[21]

During the 1980s, The Jewish Star (Calgary Edition) won more journalistic awards than any other Jewish publication in Canada.^[22] The editors won first place Rockower Awards of the American Jewish Press Association in 1982 (editorial writing)^[23]^[24] and 1984 (tied, editorial),^[25] an honorable mention in 1985 (design),^[26] and a second place award in 1987 (editorial).^[27]

From its launching, The Jewish Star was one of only two Canadian Jewish publications to produce its own book reviews, rather than reprint syndicated columns.^[28] Gila Wertheimer, among the most prolific literary critics in the Jewish media (having reviewed 206 books in The Jewish Star), also had pieces published in Judaica Book News (New York) and Canadian Jewish newspapers.^[29]

Controversies and issues

Calgary

The Calgary Jewish Community Council had published an in-house non-commercial newspaper, the Calgary Jewish News, since 1962 (Douglas Wertheimer served as editor from 1979–80). For several years after the founding of the Calgary Jewish Star, tension existed between the organized community and the independent newspaper, reflected in frank reporting on the community. Early editorials were critical of the organized community for allowing its Jewish community center to be opened on Shabbat^[30] and for its treatment of visiting Israeli officials,^[31] and provided a forum for others who sought change.^[32] Community officials characterized The Star as “a divisive force”.^[33] The newspaper also faulted the Canadian Jewish establishment for its dismissive attitude towards Western Canadian Jews^[34] and in particular for its stance on the rescue of Ethiopian Jews.^[35]

Edmonton

In general the Edmonton Edition of The Star was less controversial than its Calgary counterpart,^[36] although inevitably material upset community officials (including an article by an Israeli shaliach about the end of the Edmonton Jewish community).^[37]

Calgary and Edmonton

At the end of 1982, a high school teacher in a small town between Calgary and Edmonton was fired for devoting classroom time to teaching the myth of the Jewish world-conspiracy. The case of Jim Keegstra of Eckville soon attracted national attention. One of the results was the testing, in court, of the hate promotion section of the Criminal Code of Canada. Beginning in April 1983 and for years afterwards, The Jewish Star covered the story, which included criticism of the handling of the case by the provincial government of Peter Lougheed, the Canadian Jewish Congress, and the Calgary Herald.^[38] Utilizing that knowledge, research materials, and interviews, D. Wertheimer collaborated with University of Calgary historian David J. Bercuson on a book-length study, A Trust Betrayed: The Keegstra Affair (published by Doubleday in Canada and the US, 1985, {{ISBN|0-385-25003-7}}; Bantam Seal paperback, 1987, {{ISBN|0-7704-2155-5}}). The book was called “a first rate account” in a Toronto Star review.^[39]

Even before the Keegstra controversy forced the Calgary and Edmonton Jewish communities to coordinate activities, The Star endorsed a unifying Jewish council for the province,^[40] which was eventually created.^[41]

Newspapers’ closing

Both editions of The Jewish Star published their final issues in June 1990.^[42] In the following month the Wertheimers left Canada and started the independent Chicago Jewish Star, that city’s first new Jewish newspaper published solely for that area in nearly 75 years.^[43]

Milestones

See also

References

1. ^Gloria M. Strathern, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FRDFGO1LqgsC&pg=PP1&lpg=PP1&dq=Alberta+Newspapers,+1880-1982:+An+historical+directory&source=bl&ots=qxrhRErU-h&sig=bVSaYe1iYOe97WFguYUsfGaEj24&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6caMU6iOLqmrsQSM34D4BA&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Alberta%20Newspapers%2C%201880-1982%3A%20An%20historical%20directory&f=false Alberta Newspapers, 1880-1982: An Historical Directory], Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1988, pp. 51, 115.
2. ^"Jewish paper opens in Calgary," Jewish Western Bulletin (Vancouver), August 28, 1980, p. 12.
3. ^"First Commercial Jewish Newspaper in Calgary," Cleveland Jewish News, September 5, 1980, p. 21.
4. ^The Jewish Star, Calgary Edition, June 1, 1990, p. 4; “Five Years Later,” The Jewish Star, Calgary Edition, August 23, 1985, p. 7.
5. ^Max Rubin, “Alberta’s Jews: The Long Journey,” in Howard and Tamara Palmer (eds.), Peoples of Alberta: Portraits of Cultural Diversity, Saskatoon: Western Producer Prairie Books, 1985, p. 346.
6. ^Max I. Foran, “Calgary,” The Canadian Encyclopedia (Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 2nd edition, 1988), volume 1, page 315.
7. ^“First issue of Jewish newspaper published in Calgary,” JTA Community News Reporter, New York, vol. 19, August 29, 1980, p. 1.
8. ^Bernard Baskin, "Canada," American Jewish Year Book, Vol. 82, New York: American Jewish Committee, 1982, p. 184.
9. ^Stuart E. Rosenberg, The Jewish Community in Canada, Vol. 2, Toronto: McClelland and Stewart Ltd., 1971, p. 162.
10. ^"Calgarians try luck with new Jewish paper," Calgary Herald, September 27, 1980, p. G12
11. ^Levendel, A Century of the Canadian Jewish Press, p. 243.
12. ^"Calgary Jewish Star starts Jewish Star in Edmonton," JTA Community News Reporter, February 6, 1981, p. 2; "Edmonton Jewish Star begins monthly service," Canadian Jewish News, February 19, 1981, p. 6; "New monthly newspaper serves Edmonton Jewry," Jewish Western Bulletin (Vancouver), February 26, 1981, p. 6.
13. ^The Jewish Star, Edmonton Edition, September 1987, p. 1.
14. ^In the United States, the Heritage-Southwest Jewish Press of Los Angeles was then printing editions for four southern California areas (The Jewish Star, November 14, 1980, p. 8).
15. ^The Jewish Star, Calgary edition, September 21, 1984, p. 5.
16. ^“Mostly About People,” The Jewish Star, Calgary edition, May 4, 1984, p. 5.
17. ^Chicago Jewish Star, August 15, 2008, p. 11.
18. ^Jean-Michel Lacroix, Anatomie de la presse ethnique au Canada (Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, Centre d’etudes Canadiennes de Bordeaux, 1988, {{ISBN|2-85892-113-X}}), p. 276; “Five Years Later,” The Jewish Star, Calgary Edition, August 23, 1985, chart, p. 7.
19. ^Levendel, A Century of the Canadian Jewish Press, p. 237.
20. ^D. Wertheimer, quoted in Edmonton Journal, Jan. 26, 1981, p. B6.
21. ^Lewis Levendel, A Century of the Canadian Jewish Press: 1880s-1980s (Ottawa: Borealis Press, 1989, {{ISBN|0-88887-907-5}}), pp. 237, 242-3.
22. ^Shaula Fraenkel, compiler, The Jewish Star (Calgary edition) index, 1980-1986. Calgary: The Jewish Star Newspaper Ltd., 1990, {{ISBN|0-9694650-0-9}}, Preface.
23. ^[https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=JPOST19821112-01.1.6&srpos=1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-%22winners+are+named+in+jewish+journalism%22------ "Winners Are Named in Jewish Journalism,"] The Jewish Post and Opinion, November 12, 1982, p. 6.
24. ^"Chronicle cops two new Rockower Awards," The Jewish Chronicle of Pittsburgh, November 4, 1982, p. 40.
25. ^"Ellen Hyde, Rokover [sic] awardee," The Jewish Chronicle of Pittsburgh, May 3, 1984, p. 25.
26. ^"Star is Cited for Design Excellence," The Jewish Star, Calgary Edition, April 19, 1985, p. 1.
27. ^Fraenkel, The Jewish Star (Calgary edition) index, 1980-1986, p. 3; “Five Years Later,” The Jewish Star, Calgary Edition, August 23, 1985, sidebar, p. 6; “Prize to Star For Editorial,” The Jewish Star, Calgary Edition, May 15, 1987, p. 1.
28. ^Canadian Jewish News, Jan. 28, 1982, p. 5.
29. ^The Jewish Star, Calgary Edition, Feb. 19, 1982, p. 5; Chicago Jewish Star, February 22, 1991, p. 3.
30. ^The Jewish Star, Calgary Edition, “The Centre’s Shabbat Policy,” editorial, January 9, 1981, p. 4.
31. ^The Jewish Star, Calgary Edition, “An Embarrassment to Calgary’s Jews,” editorial, March 6, 1981, p. 4.
32. ^e.g., “Rabbi Accuses Past CJCC Executive of Ignoring Basic Jewish Services,” Rabbi P. Hayman Letter to the Editor, The Jewish Star, Calgary Edition, February 3, 1984, p. 5.
33. ^Levendel, A Century of the Canadian Jewish Press, p. 242.
34. ^e.g., The Jewish Star, Calgary Edition, editorials of January 23, 1981, May 27, 1983.
35. ^See The Jewish Star, Calgary Edition, editorials of May 15, 1981 and June 24, 1986; Douglas Wertheimer, “Ethiopian Rescue: The Establishment and the Activists,” Chicago Jewish Star, April 4, 2008, page 6.
36. ^Levendel, A Century of the Canadian Jewish Press, p. 243.
37. ^Danny Nishlis, “The Telegram,” The Jewish Star, Edmonton Edition, December 1987, p. 9.
38. ^David J. Bercuson and Douglas Wertheimer, A Trust Betrayed: The Keegstra Affair, 1985, chapter 9.
39. ^The Sunday [Toronto] Star, Dec. 29, 1985, p. E10.
40. ^The Jewish Star, Calgary Edition, March 5, 1982, p. 4; Edmonton Edition, March 1982, p. 4.
41. ^The Jewish Star, Calgary Edition, August 17, 1984, p. 2.
42. ^Editorial, "Dear Reader: It's Time to Say Goodbye," The Jewish Star, Calgary Edition, June 1, 1990, p. 4; The Jewish Star, Edmonton Edition, June 1990, p. 1; [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1812&dat=19900620&id=tJpaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qksDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3024,3627426 "Jewish Star of Calgary, Edmonton, being sold,"] The Jewish Post & News, June 20, 1990, p. 16; American Jewish Year Book 1992, vol. 92, New York: American Jewish Committee, 1992, p. 295.
43. ^“The Jewish Star, an independent Chicago area paper, debuts,” Chicago Jewish Star ({{ISSN|1054-1365}}) Vol. I, No. 1 (February 22, 1991), pp. 1, 4; American Jewish Year Book 1950, Volume 51, New York: American Jewish Committee, 1950, p. 492; American Jewish Year Book 1955, Volume 56, New York: American Jewish Committee, 1955, p. 552.
44. ^The Jewish Star, Vol. I, No. 1, August 22, 1980, p. 1, incorrectly refers to the Canadian Western Jewish Times (April 1914), which was published in Winnipeg (Printer and Publisher, Toronto, vol. 23, March 1914, p. 74), as a predecessor Calgary Jewish newspaper. Only one issue of that paper is known to have been published.
45. ^“Edmonton Jews Have Newspaper,” Detroit Jewish News, February 27, 1981, p. 7.
46. ^“’The Jewish Star’ Makes its Debut in Edmonton,” Edmonton Jewish Star, Vol. 1, No. 1, December 1980, p. 1.
47. ^The only two previous publications were the Edmonton Jewish Community Council's nonprofit Our Community News, a monthly begun in 1958, and the Alberta Jewish Chronicle, a publication appearing on a semi-annual or up to a quarterly basis beginning in 1960 (Levendel, A Century of the Canadian Jewish Press, pp. 243, 246).
48. ^“’The Jewish Star’ to Publish a Monthly Edition for Edmonton,” Calgary Jewish Star, November 14, 1980, p. 8.
49. ^“How to Win the West,” The Jewish Star, January 23, 1981, pp. 4-5.
50. ^The Jewish Star, November 5, 1982, p. 1.
51. ^The Jewish Star, Calgary edition, December 16, 1983, p. 5.
52. ^Shaula Fraenkel, compiler, The Jewish Star (Calgary edition) Index, 1980-1986, 1990, Preface.
53. ^“Star joins the independents,” Edmonton Jewish Star, September 1987, p. 1.