| 词条 | Momo (food) | |||||
| 释义 |
| name = Momo | image = Momos with garlic chutney.JPG | caption = Indian-style Momos from Darjeeling, India with garlic chutney. | alternate_name = | country = South Asia | region = Tibet, Ladakh, Northeast India,[1] and Darjeeling, West Bengal, India[1] | national_cuisine = Nepal, India,[1] Bhutan | creator = Tibetan diaspora in South Asia or Himalayan Newar merchants | course = Appetizers or entrees | served = | main_ingredient = White-flour-and-water dough; meat, vegetable or cheese filling served with tomato and sesame chutney dip, tomato soup, soybean and sesame soup. | variations = Steam-momo, Kothey momo, C-momo, Fry-momo, Open-momo, fried momo | calories = 350 to 1000 (35 to 100 per piece) | other = }}Momo is a type of South Asian dumpling, popular across the Indian subcontinent and the Himalayan regions of broader South Asia.[1] Momos are native to Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, North Indian region of Ladakh,[1] Northeast Indian regions of Sikkim, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh,[1] and Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.[1] It is similar to Chinese baozi and jiaozi, Mongolian buuz, Japanese gyoza and Korean mandu, but heavily influenced by cuisine of the Indian subcontinent with Indian spices and herbs.[1] NamesIn Shanxi, where Jin Chinese is spoken, unfilled buns are often called momo (饃饃), which is simply the character for "steamed bun". The name momo spread to Tibet, India and Nepal and usually now refers to filled buns or dumplings.[2] Momo is the colloquial form of the Tibetan word "mog mog".[3] The different names for the dumpling include Assamese: মম; Bengali: মোমো; Nepali: मम; Nepal Bhasa: ममचा, मम:; {{bo|t=མོག་མོག་|w=mog mog}}; {{zh|t=饃饃|s=馍馍|p=mómo}}.[4] HistoryThe dish is believed to be of Tibetan origin and since then has spread to neighbouring countries along with the influx of the Tibetan diaspora. Since this dish was initially popular among the Newar community of the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal, one prevalent belief[5] is that traveling Newar merchants brought the recipe and the name momo from Tibet where the Newar Merchants used to go to trade. Originally, the filling of the dish was typically meat, such as yak, due to the scarcity of vegetables in Tibet. However, after arriving in India, the momo was made vegetarian in the modern era to feed the large population of vegetarian Hindus. DescriptionMomo is a type of steamed dumpling with some form of filling. Momo has become a traditional delicacy in Nepal, Tibet and among Nepalese/Tibetan communities in Bhutan, as well as people of Ladakh, Northeast India and Darjeeling regions of India. ProductionA simple white-flour-and-water dough is generally preferred to make the outer momo covering. Sometimes, a little yeast or baking soda is added to give a more doughy texture to the finished product. Traditionally, momo is prepared with ground/minced meat filling, but over the past several years, this has changed and the fillings have become more elaborate. These days, momo is prepared with virtually any combination of ground meat, vegetables, tofu, paneer cheese, soft chhurpi (local hard cheese) and vegetable and meat combinations.[6]
The dough is rolled into small circular flat pieces. The filling is then enclosed in the circular dough cover either in a round pocket or in a half-moon or crescent shape. People prefer meat that has a lot of fat because it produces intensively flavored juicy momos. A little oil is sometimes added to the lean ground/minced meat to keep the filling moist and juicy. The dumplings are then cooked by steaming over a soup (either a stock based on bones or vegetables) in a momo-making utensil called mucktoo. The dumplings may also be pan-fried or deep-fried after being steamed. VarietiesThere are typically two types of momo, steamed and fried. Momo is usually served with a dipping sauce (locally called chutney/achhar[8]), normally made with tomato as the base ingredient. Soup momo is a dish with steamed momo immersed in a meat broth. Pan-fried momo is also known as kothey momo. Steamed momo served in hot sauce is called C-momo. There are also a variety of dumplings of Nepal found in the Indian state of Sikkim and Darjeeling district, including tingmo and thaipo. GallerySee also{{Portal|Tibet|Food}}{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|author=Lynelle Seow|title=CultureShock! India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8s6iDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT202|date=15 January 2017|publisher=Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd|isbn=978-981-4771-98-6|pages=202–}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Gordon|first1=Stewart|title=When Asia Was the World: Traveling Merchants, Scholars, Warriors, and Monks Who Created the "Riches of the "East"|date=2009|publisher=Da Capo Press |isbn= 978-0306817397| page= 13| edition= Reprint|}} 3. ^{{cite book |title=Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wr8TAQAAMAAJ |year=1955 |publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó |page=209}} 4. ^Jīn Péng 金鹏 (ed.): Zàngyǔ jiǎnzhì 藏语简志. Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社, Beijing 1983, p. 31. This is not the same as dumpling. 5. ^{{Cite news|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2016-09-17/juicy-love-affair.html|title=A Juicy Love Affair|last=Sijapati|first=Alisha|date=September 17, 2016|work=|access-date=September 22, 2016|via=The Kathmandu Post}} 6. ^http://tasteofnepal.blogspot.com/2013/07/momos-or-dumplings.html 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.himalayanlearning.org/the-himalaya/food-momo.php|title=Momo recipe|publisher=Himalayanlearning.org|accessdate=April 6, 2011}} 8. ^{{cite web|last1=Williams|first1=James|title=Momos Chutney Recipe|url=http://recipickr.com/559/momos-chutney-recipe/|website=ReciPickr.com}} External links{{Commons category|Momos}}{{Cookbook|Momo}}
5 : Dumplings|Tibetan cuisine|Newari cuisine|Nepalese cuisine|Fast food |
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