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词条 Monarchy of Cambodia
释义

  1. Role

  2. Ministry of the Royal Palace

  3. Mythological history

  4. Cambodia (68–1431)

     Funan Kingdom (68–627)  Chenla Kingdom (550–802)  Khmer Empire (802–1431){{anchor|Khmer Empire}} 

  5. Kingdom of Cambodia (1431–1863)

     Chaktomuk Era (1431–1525)  Longvek Era (1525–1593)  Srei Santhor Era (1594–1620)  Oudong Era (Dark Age of Cambodia, 1620–1863) 

  6. Modern Cambodia (1860–present)

     French Protectorate of Cambodia (1863–1953)  Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)  Kingdom of Cambodia (1993–present) 

  7. Royal symbols

  8. See also

  9. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}{{refimprove|date=January 2017}}{{Infobox monarchy
|royal_title = King
|realm = Cambodia
|native_name = {{nobold|ព្រះមហាក្សត្រនៃព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា}}
{{nobold|Roi du Royaume du Cambodge}}
|coatofarms = Royal Standard of the King of Cambodia.svg
|coatofarms_article = Royal Standard of the King of Cambodia
|image = Norodom crop.jpg
|incumbent = Norodom Sihamoni
|incumbentsince = 14 October 2004
|his/her = His
|residence = Khemarin Palace {{small|(official residence)}}
The Royal Residence {{small|(secondary residence)}}
|first_monarch = Queen Soma
|appointer = Royal Council of the Throne
|date = 1st century
|website = {{URL|norodomsihamoni.org}}
}}{{Politics of Cambodia}}

The King of Cambodia ({{lang-km|ព្រះមហាក្សត្រនៃព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា}}, {{lang-fr|Roi du Royaume du Cambodge}}) is the head of state of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The King's power is limited to that of a symbolic figurehead to whom people are to give love and respect. The monarch also represents peace, stability, and prosperity to the Khmer people. Since 1993, the King of Cambodia is an elected monarch, making Cambodia one of the few elective monarchies of the world. The king is elected for life from among the members of the Norodom and Sisowath bloodline who are at least 30 years old by the Royal Council of the Throne, which consists of several senior political and religious figures.

Role

Cambodia’s constitution, promulgated in 1993 stipulated the king’s role as a mainly ceremonial one. It declared that the king “shall reign, but not govern”[1] as well as being the “symbol of national unity and continuity.”[2]

The king performs important functions of state as per required by the constitution. This includes but is not limited to:

  • Appointing the Prime Minister of Cambodia and the Cabinet of Cambodia.[3]
  • Convening over the opening of the two legislative bodies, the National Assembly of Cambodia and the Senate of Cambodia.[4]
  • Serving as the Supreme Commander of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces.[5]
  • Meeting with the Prime Minister on a monthly basis in which the King is briefed on matters of state.[6]
  • Signing the royal code/ decree that gives effect to laws enacted by the legislature and proposals by the cabinet.[7]
  • Acting as "supreme arbiter" to enable the functioning of state institutions.[8]
  • Receiving credentials from ambassadors.[9]
  • Possessing the power of commutation and pardon.[10]
  • Presiding over the Supreme Council of the Magistracy.[11]
  • Appointing a fixed number of members to serve on state institutions such as the Senate and the Constitutional Council[12]
  • Awarding of national honours.[13]

The king also fulfils other roles not explicitly mentioned in the constitution in his capacity as head of state like for example, presiding over events of national significance[14], including religious ceremonies and traditions integral to the Khmer nation[15], supporting humanitarian and philanthropic causes[16] and representing Cambodia abroad when undertaking official visits overseas.[17]

Ministry of the Royal Palace

The Ministry of the Royal Palace, currently overseen by minister Kong Sam Ol in conjunction with the Supreme Privy Advisory Council, headed by the king's half-brother Prince Norodom Ranariddh assists and advises the king accordingly in carrying out his duties as monarch.

Mythological history

  • Sage Kambu Swayambhuva

Cambodia (68–1431)

Funan Kingdom (68–627)

OrderMonarchNames in Foreign Texts Reign
01 Queen Soma

 Liǔyè
(Traditional Khmer Call: Neang Neak)		latter 1st century
02 Kaundinya I Hùntián
(Traditional Khmer Call: Preah Tong)		68-latter 1st century
03 Unknown latter 2nd century
04 Hun Pan-huang Hùnpánkuànglatter 2nd century
05 Pan-Pan Pánpánearly 3rd century
06 Srei Meara Fàn Shīmànca. 205–225
07 Unknown Fàn Jīnshēngca. 225
08 Unknown Fàn Chāngca. 225-ca. 240
09 Unknown Fàn Xúnca. 240-ca. 287
10 Unknown Unknownlatter 3rd century
11 Unknown Tiānzhú Zhāntánlatter 4th century
12 Unknown Unknownlatter 4th century
13 Kaundinya II QiáochénrúUnknown-434
14 Srindravarman I Chílítuóbámó434–435
15 Unknown UnknownUnknown
16 Unknown UnknownUnknown
17 Jayavarman Kaundinya Shéyébámó484–514
18 Rudravarman Liútuóbámó514–550
Funan-Chenla War: 550–627
19 Pvirakvarman I Unknown550-600
20 Mhenteractvarman I Unknownc. 600–615
21 Nteractvarman I Unknownc. 615-627

Chenla Kingdom (550–802)

OrderMonarchPersonal Name Reign
22 Bhavavarman I Bhavavarman550–600
23 Mohendravarman Chet Sen600–616
24 Isanavarman I Isanavarman616–635
25 Bhavavarman II Bhavavarman639–657
26 Jayavarman I Jayavarman657–681
27 Queen: Jayavedi Jayavedi681–713

Khmer Empire (802–1431){{anchor|Khmer Empire}}

OrderMonarchPersonal Name Reign
28 Jayavarman II Jayavarman802–835
29 Jayavarman III Jayavarthon835–877
30 Indravarman I Indravarman877–889
31 Yasovarman I Yasovarthon889–900
32 Harshavarman I Harshavarman900–925
33 Ishanavarman II Isanavarman925–928
34 Jayavarman IV Jayavarman928–941
35 Harshavarman II Harshavarman941–944
36 Rajendravarman I Rajedravarman944–968
37 Jayavarman V Jayavarman968–1001
38 Udayadityavarman I Udayadityavarman1002
39 Jayavirahvarman Jayavirahvarman1002–1006
40 Suryavarman I Suryavarman1006–1050
41 Udayadityavarman II Udayadityavarman1050–1066
42 Harshavarman III Harshavarman1066–1080
43 Nripatindravarman Nripatindravarman1080–1113
44 Jayavarman VI Jayavarman1080–1107
45 Dharanindravarman I Dharanindravarman1107–1113
46 Suryavarman II Suryavarman1113–1150
47 Dharanindravarman II Dharanindravarman1150–1156
48 Yasovarman II Yasovarman1156–1165
49 Tribhuvanadityavarman Tribhuvanadityavarman1165–1177
Cham Invasion: 1177–1181
50 Jayavarman VII Jayavathon1181–1218
51 Indravarman II Indravarman1218–1243
The first major Thai kingdom was created in 1238 during the reign of Indravarman by Pho Khun Si Intharathit in Sukhothai, an area formerly ruled by Lavo in vassalage to Angkor.
52 Jayavarman VIII Jayavarman1243–1295
53 Indravarman III Srei Indravarman1295–1307
54 Indrajayavarman Srei Jayavarman1307–1327
55 Jayavarman IX Jayavama Borommesvarah / Jayavarman Parameshwara1327–1336
56 Trosok Peam Ponhea Chey1336–1340
57 Nippean Bat Nippean Bat1340–1346
58 Lompong Racha Lompong Racha1346–1351
Siam Invasion: 1352–1357
59 Soryavong Soryavong1357–1363
60 Borom Reachea I Borommarama1363–1373
61 Thomma Saok Thomma Saok1373–1393
Siam Invasion: 1393 (5 months).
62 In Reachea Pnhea Prek1394-c1421
63 Barom Reachea II Ponhea Yat1405–1431

Kingdom of Cambodia (1431–1863)

Chaktomuk Era (1431–1525)

NamePersonal NameReign
Ponhea YatPonhea Yat1431 – 1463
Noreay RamathipateiNarayanaraja1463 – 1469
Reachea RamathipateiSri Raja1469 – 1475
Srei Soriyotei IIRajadhiraja1472 – 1475
Thommo Reachea IDharmarajadhiraja1476 – 1504
Srey SukonthorDamkhat Sukonthor1504 – 1512

Cambodia Civil War: Chan Raja and Sdech Kan war: 1516–1525

Longvek Era (1525–1593)

NamePersonal NameReign
Sdach KornSrey Chetha1512 – 1521
Ang Chan IPonhea Chan1516 – 1566
Barom Reachea ISatha Mahindharaja1566 – 1576
Chey Chettha IChey Chettha1576 – 1594

Srei Santhor Era (1594–1620)

NamePersonal NameReign start
Preah Ram IRama Chungprey1594 – 1596
Preah Ram IIKeo Ban On1596 – 1597
Barom Reachea IIPonhea Yor1597 – 1599
Barom Reachea IIIPonhea An1599 – 1600
Ponhea NhomKeo Hua I1600 – 1603
Barom Reachea IVSrei Soriyopear1603 – 1618

Oudong Era (Dark Age of Cambodia, 1620–1863)

NamePersonal NameReign
Chey Chettha IIPonhea Nhom1618–1628
OuteyUpayoreach
Outey was the younger brother of Chey Chettha II. On his brother's death he was offered the crown but declined, and took instead the title of Upayoreach, not exactly translatable into English. Ponhea To, a son of Chey Chettha II, became king.
1628–1642
Thommoreachea II or Sri Dharmaraja II
Preah Bat Samdech Thommoreachea II		Ponhea To
Ponhea To rebelled against his uncle the Upayoreach and was killed. His younger brother Ponhea Nu succeeded him as king, Outey continuing as Upayoreach.
1628–1630
Batom Reachea or Padumaraja I
Preah Bat Samdech Padumaraja I		Ang Non I1640–1642
Ramathipadi I
Preah Bat Samdech Ramathipadi I		Ponhea Chan (Ang Chan II or Ang Chan Ibrahim)
Son of Chey Chettha II, passed over when Ponhea Chan was made king. Murdered his nephew and uncle to become king.
1642–1658
Barom Reachea V or Paramaraja IX
Preah Bat Samdech Barom Reachea V		Ang So
1658–1672
Chey Chettha III or Padumaraja II
Preah Bat Samdech Chey Chettha III		Srei Chey Chettha1672–1673
Kaev Hua II
Preah Bat Samdech Kaev Hua II		Ang Chee1673–1674
Padumaraja III
Preah Bat Samdech Padumaraja III		Ang Nan1674
Chey Chettha IV
Preah Bat Samdech Chey Chettha IV		Ang Su1675–1695, 1696–1699, 1700–1702 and 1703–1706
Outey I or Narai Ramathipadi II
Preah Bat Samdech Outey I 		Ang Yong1695–1696
Barom Ramadhipati or Kaev Hua III
Preah Bat Samdech Barom Ramadhipati		Ang Em1699–1700 and 1710–1722
Thommoreachea III or Sri Dhamaraja III
Preah Bat Samdech Thommoreachea III		Ang Tham1702–1703, 1706–1709 and 1736–1747
Satha II or Paramaraja X
Preah Bat Samdech Satha II		Ang Chey1722–1736 and 1749
Thommoreachea IV or Sri Dhamaraja IV
Preah Bat Samdech Thommoreachea IV		Ang Em1747
Ang TongRamathipadi III1748–1749, 1755–1758
Ang SngounChey Chettha V1749–1755
Ang TonOutey Reachea II1758–1775
Ang Non IIReam Reachea1775–1779
Ang EngNarayanaraja III1777–1796
Regency, Ang Chan being a minor: 1796 – 1806
Ang ChanOutey Reachea III1806–1834
Ang Mey1834–1841
Ang Duong1841–1860

Modern Cambodia (1860–present)

French Protectorate of Cambodia (1863–1953)

NamePortraitHouseBirthDeathRelationship to predecessor
Norodom
នរោត្តម
19 October 1860
–
24 April 1904
{{age in years and days>1860|10|19|1904|04|24}}		NorodomFebruary 1834
Angkor Borei		24 April 1904
Bangkok
aged 70		Son of Ang Duong
Sisowath
ស៊ីសុវត្ថិ
27 April 1904
–
9 August 1927
{{age in years and days>1904|04|27|1927|08|09}}		Sisowath7 September 1840
Mongkol Borey		9 August 1927
Phnom Penh
aged 86		Half-brother of Norodom
Sisowath Monivong
ស៊ីសុវត្ថិ មុនីវង្ស
9 August 1927
–
24 April 1941
{{age in years and days>1927|08|09|1941|04|24}}		Sisowath27 December 1875
Phnom Penh		24 April 1941
Kampot
aged 65		Son of Sisowath
Norodom Sihanouk
នរោត្តម សីហនុ
24 April 1941
–
2 March 1955
{{age in years and days>1941|04|24|1955|03|02}}		Norodom31 October 1922
Phnom Penh		15 October 2012
Beijing
aged 89		Grandson of Sisowath Monivong

Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)

NamePortraitHouseBirthDeathSuccession right
Norodom Suramarit
នរោត្តម សុរាម្រិត
2 March 1955
–
3 April 1960
{{age in years and days>1955|03|02|1960|04|03}}		Norodom6 March 1896
Phnom Penh		3 April 1960
Phnom Penh
aged 64		Father of Norodom Sihanouk
Sisowath Kossamak
ស៊ីសុវត្ថិ កុសុមៈ
20 June 1960
–
9 October 1970
{{age in years and days>1960|06|20|1970|10|09}}
{{efn|Queen Sisowath Kossamak was not an official monarch, but a "symbol, incarnation, and representative" of the dynasty after the death of her husband, King Norodom Suramarit.[18] Prince Norodom Sihanouk was appointed Head of State whose powers equal that of a monarch.}}
Norodom9 April 1904
Phnom Penh		27 April 1975
Beijing
aged 71		Consort of Norodom Suramarit

Kingdom of Cambodia (1993–present)

NamePortraitHouseBirthDeathSuccession right
Norodom Sihanouk
នរោត្តម សីហនុ
24 September 1993
–
7 October 2004
{{age in years and days>1993|09|24|2004|10|07}}		Norodom31 October 1922
Phnom Penh		15 October 2012
Beijing
aged 89		Elected
(Son of Norodom Suramarit)
Norodom Sihamoni
នរោត្តម សីហមុនី
14 October 2004
–
present
{{age in years and days>2004|10|14}}		NorodomPhnom Penh
{{age>1953|05|14}} years old		LivingElected
(Son of Norodom Sihanouk)

Royal symbols

See also

  • Monarchs' family tree
  • List of heads of state of Cambodia
  • Prime Minister of Cambodia
    • List of Prime Ministers of Cambodia
  • Devaraja

References

1. ^Article 7, Chapter 2 in The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia World Intellectual Property Organization
2. ^Article 8, Chapter 2 in The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia World Intellectual Property Organization
3. ^Article 119, Chapter X in The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia World Intellectual Property Organization
4. ^Article 82 in Chaper VII and Article 106 in Chapter VIII The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia World Intellectual Property Organization
5. ^Article 23, Chapter 2 in The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia World Intellectual Property Organization
6. ^Article 20, Chapter 2 in The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia World Intellectual Property Organization
7. ^Article 26 and 28, Chapter 2 in The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia
8. ^Article 9, Chapter 2 in The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia World Intellectual Property Organization
9. ^Article 25, Chapter 2 in The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia World Intellectual Property Organization
10. ^Article 27, Chapter 2 in The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia World Intellectual Property Organization
11. ^Article 21, Chapter 2 and Article 134, Chapter XI in The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia World Intellectual Property Organization
12. ^Article 100, Chapter VIII and Article 137, Chapter XII in The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia World Intellectual Property Organization
13. ^Article 29, Chapter 2 in The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia World Intellectual Property Organization
14. ^'Cambodian king, PM wrap up annual Water Festival' in Xinhuanet
15. ^'Cambodia marks beginning of farming season with royal ploughing ceremony' in Xinhuanet
16. ^[https://www.khmertimeskh.com/50510829/1-million-royal-gift-for-kantha-bopha/ '$1 million royal gift for Kantha Bopha' in Khmer Times]
17. ^[https://gbtimes.com/president-xi-meets-cambodian-king-in-beijing 'President Xi meets Cambodian king in Beijing' in GB Times]
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.royalark.net/Cambodia/camboa18.htm |title=CAMBODIA—The Varman Dynasty Genealogy|website=royalark.net|accessdate=17 November 2016}}
{{notelist}}

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