| 词条 | Therea petiveriana |
| 释义 |
| image = SevenSpotRoach2.jpg | image_caption = From Thiruvannamalai, South India | image2 = SevenSpotRoach1.jpg | image2_caption = Females have shorter antennae | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Blattodea | familia = Corydiidae | genus = Therea | species = T. petiveriana | binomial = Therea petiveriana | binomial_authority = (Linnaeus, 1758)[1] | synonyms = Corydia petiveriana Cassida petiveriana | synonyms_ref = [2] }}Therea petiveriana, variously called the desert cockroach, seven-spotted cockroach, or Indian domino cockroach, is a species of crepuscular cockroach found in southern India. They are members of a basal group within the cockroaches.[3][4] This somewhat roundish and contrastingly marked cockroach is mainly found on the ground in scrub forest habitats where they may burrow under leaf litter or loose soil during the heat of the day.[5] AppearanceThe black and white pattern of adults is believed to have evolved to mimic the pattern of the aggressive ground beetle Anthia sexguttata that has strong defenses, including the ability to spray chemical irritants.[6] The upperside of the abdomen is orange-yellow, but is hidden by the tegmina. The spots on the asymmetrical tegmina are placed so that when closed, the spots appear symmetrical. The right tegmen lobe is bright orange-yellow. The species has been said to be one of the few cockroaches with "grace and beauty".[7] The head is bent back underneath the pronotal shield (hypognathous) and the ocelli (simple eyes) face forward, helping sense light and thereby time foraging activity during early morning and late evening.[5] ReproductionOnce a female has copulated with a male, she does not allow other males to approach, kicking them away with her hind legs.[8] The eggs are laid in leaf litter.[9] Up to 13 oothecae are produced by a female over 3 to 40 days [5](blocking the ocelli of the females has been found to inhibit the laying of eggs[5]). The oothecae are produced as in other cockroaches by the secretions from the asymmetrical colleterial glands of the females.[10] Once the ootheca is extruded it is deposited in suitably moist leaf litter.[11] Nymphs lead a life hidden below the ground and may go as deep as 30 cm during the dry season.[12] TaxonomyThis is the type species for the genus Therea. The species epithet is after James Petiver (1663–1718), who obtained specimens from Madras and its vicinity (probably from the surgeon at Fort St. George, either Samuel Browne or Edward Bulkley). Carl Linnaeus placed the species under Cassida and described C. petiveriana and another that he called C. septemguttata, now considered a synonym.[1] CommunicationLike other cockroaches, T. petiveriana uses chemical pheromones to communicate with each other. When disturbed, they are said to raise their wings and evert lateral glands on the second and third abdominal segments. Their glandular secretions were found to contain volatile compounds N-3-methylbutylacetamide (MBA) and N-3-methylbutylpropanamide (MBP), making up nearly 60% of the volatile fraction. These chemicals appeared to induce alarm behaviour.[13] DigestionLike termites, these cockroaches have symbiotic flagellates and bacteria in their gut that aid in digestion.[14][15] As petsThis species is popular as a pet in many parts of the world and is easy to keep. References1. ^1 {{Cite journal|ps=| volume = 78| issue = 4| pages = 375–396| last = Judith A. Marshall| title = The orthopteroid insects described by Linnaeus, with notes on the Linnaean collection| journal = Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society| year = 1975|doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb02266.x|first1=Judith A.}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q4668272}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.zoobank.org/?id=21207976|title=ZooBank}} 3. ^{{cite journal|author=Grandcolas, P.|year= 1993|title= Le genre Therea Billberg, 1820: position phylogenetique, nouvelles especes, repartition, valence ecologique (Dictyoptera, Blattaria, Polyphaginae)|ps= |journal=Canadian Journal of Zoology|volume= 71|issue=9|pages=1816–1822|doi=10.1139/z93-259}} 4. ^{{cite journal|title= What does Cryptocercus kyebangensis, n.sp. (Dictyoptera: Blattaria: Polyphagidae) from Korea reveal about Cryptocercus evolution? A study in morphology, molecular phylogeny, and chemistry of tergal glands|author=Philippe Grandcolas, Yung Chul Park, Jae C. Choe, Maria-Dolors Piulachs, Xavier Bellés , Cyrille D'Haese, Jean-Pierre Farine, Rémy Brossut and Jena-Pierre Farine|journal= Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia|volume=151|year=2001|pages= 61–79|doi= 10.1635/0097-3157(2001)151[0061:WDCKNS]2.0.CO;2}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|author1=Livingston, D |author2=M Rajambal |lastauthoramp=yes |year=1980|title= Association of ocelli with the neuroendocrine system of Therea petiveriana (L.) (Blaberoidea: Polyphagidae) |journal=Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Anim. Sci.) |volume=89|issue=2|pages=147–153 |ps=|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/jarch/procb/89b/147-154.pdf |format=PDF|doi=10.1007/BF03179155}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.coleop-terra.com/adaptation.html#mimicry|title=Mimicry|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708174723/http://www.coleop-terra.com/adaptation.html#mimicry|archivedate=2011-07-08|df=}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Sharp, David|year=1895|title=The Cambridge Natural History. Volume 5.|publisher=Macmillan and Co. London|pages=233–234|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924024535472#page/n249/mode/2up}} 8. ^{{cite journal|ps=|vauthors=Livingstone D, Ramani R|lastauthoramp=yes |year= 1978 |title=Studies on the reproductive biology|journal= Proc. Indian Acad. Sci.|volume=87|pages=229–247}} 9. ^{{cite journal |author1=Ananthasubramanian, K.S. |author2=T.N. Ananthakrishnan |lastauthoramp=yes |year=1959|title= The structure of the ootheca and egg laying habits of Corydia petiveriana L |journal=Indian Journal of Entomology |volume=21|pages=59–64}} 10. ^{{cite journal|title=The fine structure of colleterial glands in two cockroaches and three termites, including a detailed study of Cryptocercus punctulatus (Blattaria, Cryptocercidae) and Mastotermes darwiniensis (Isoptera, Mastotermitidae)|journal=Arthropod Structure & Development |volume=37|issue=1|year=2008|pages=55–66|ps=|author=Annie Courrent, André Quennedey, Christine A. Nalepa, Alain Robert, Michael Lenz and Christian Bordereau|doi=10.1016/j.asd.2007.03.004|pmid=18089127 }} 11. ^{{cite book|page=123|title=Cockroaches: ecology, behavior, and natural history|author1=William J. Bell |author2=Louis Marcus Roth |author3=Christine A. Nalepa |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|year=2007|isbn=0-8018-8616-3}} 12. ^{{cite journal|author=Bhoopathy, S.|year=1997|title=Microhabitat preferences among four species of cockroaches|journal=Journal of Nature Conservation|volume = 9|pages=259–264}} 13. ^{{cite journal|author=Farine, J. P., Semon, E., Everaerts, C., Abed, D., Grandcolas, P. and Brossut, R.|year=2002|title=Defensive secretion of Therea petiveriana: chemical identification and evidence of an alarm function|ps=|journal=J. Chem. Ecol.|volume=28|pages=1629–1640|url=http://www.mnhn.fr/oseb/Grandcolas/Grandcolas_fichiers/Fetal02.pdf|format=PDF|doi=10.1023/A:1019932630787|pmid=12371815|issue=8|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612104226/http://www.mnhn.fr/oseb/Grandcolas/Grandcolas_fichiers/Fetal02.pdf|archivedate=2011-06-12|df=}} 14. ^{{cite journal|ps=|vauthors=Rao TB, Todd SR|lastauthoramp=yes |year=1968 |title=A new flagellate Trichomitus corydiae from the insect Corydia petiveriana |journal=Rivista di Parassitologia |volume=29|issue=2|pages=91–5|pmid=5709522}} 15. ^{{cite journal|title=Cockroaches that lack Blattabacterium endosymbionts: the phylogenetically divergent genus Nocticola|journal=Biology Letters|year=2007|volume=3|pages=327–330|doi=10.1098/rsbl.2006.0614|author=Nathan Lo, Tiziana Beninati, Fred Stone, James Walker and Luciano Sacchi|url=http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/Social_InsectsLab/Nate/PDFs/32-Nocticola_Biology_Letters2007.pdf.pdf|format=PDF|pmid=17376757|issue=3|pmc=2464682|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726215340/http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/Social_InsectsLab/Nate/PDFs/32-Nocticola_Biology_Letters2007.pdf.pdf|archivedate=2008-07-26|df=}} 3 : Insects of India|Insects described in 1758|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
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