| 词条 | Monterey Bay | ||
| 释义 |
Monterey Bay is a bay of the Pacific Ocean located on the coast of the U.S. state of California. The bay is south of the major cities of San Francisco and San Jose. The county-seat city of Santa Cruz is located at the north end of the bay. The city of Monterey is on the Monterey Peninsula at the south end. The Monterey Bay Area is a local colloquialism sometimes used to describe the whole of the Central Coast communities of Santa Cruz and Monterey counties. ToponymyThe first European to discover Monterey Bay was Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo on November 16, 1542 while sailing northward along the coast on a Spanish naval expedition. He named the bay Bahía de los Pinos,[1] probably because of the forest of pine trees first encountered while rounding the peninsula at the southern end of the bay.[2] Cabrillo's name for the bay was lost, but the westernmost point of the peninsula is still known as Point Pinos. On December 10, 1595, Sebastián Rodríguez Cermeño crossed the bay and bestowed the name Bahía de San Pedro in honor of Saint Peter Martyr.[2][3] The present name for the bay was documented in 1602 by Sebastián Vizcaíno, who had been tasked by the Spanish government to complete a detailed chart of the coast. He anchored in what is now the Monterey harbor on December 16, and named it Puerto de Monterrey, in honor of the Conde de Monterrey, then viceroy of New Spain.[1] Monterrey is an alternate spelling of Monterrei, a municipality in the Galicia region of Spain from which the viceroy and his father (the Fourth Count of Monterrei) originated. All other place names in the vicinity containing Monterey were so named because of their proximity to the bay. This includes the Presidio of Monterey, City of Monterey, County of Monterey and Monterey Canyon. Geology{{Main|Monterey Canyon}}The Monterey Canyon, one of the largest underwater canyons in the world, begins off the coast of Moss Landing, in the center of Monterey Bay. It is {{Convert|249|mi|km}} long, although its shape changes regularly because of currents and sediment being left in the area. The canyon is much like that of a continental slope; the biology of the canyon changes significantly in different parts of the canyon.[4] Flora and faunaMonterey Bay is home to many species of marine mammals, including sea otters, harbor seals, and bottlenose dolphins; as well as being on the migratory path of Gray and Humpback Whales and a breeding site for elephant seals. Killer whales are also found along the coast, especially when Gray whales migrate, as they hunt the whales during their migration north. Many species of fish, sharks, mollusks such as abalone and squid, birds, and sea turtles also live in the bay. Several varieties of kelp grow in the bay, some becoming as tall as trees, forming what is known as a kelp forest. Marine protected areasSoquel Canyon State Marine Conservation Area, Portuguese Ledge State Marine Conservation Area, Pacific Grove Marine Gardens State Marine Conservation Area, Lovers Point State Marine Reserve, Edward F. Ricketts State Marine Conservation Area and Asilomar State Marine Reserve are marine protected areas in Monterey Bay. Like underwater parks, these marine protected areas help conserve ocean wildlife and marine ecosystems. Communities around Monterey BayClockwise around the bay, generally from north to south. Inland communities are indented:
GallerySee also
References1. ^1 {{cite book | last = Gudde | first = Erwin G. | title = California Place Names | publisher = University of California Press | year = 1949 | location = Berkeley, Calif. | page = 222 | asin = B000FMOPP4 }} 2. ^1 {{cite book | last = Clark | first = Donald T. | title = Monterey County Place Names | publisher = Kestrel Press | year = 1991 | location = Carmel Valley, Calif. | page = 322 | isbn = 978-1-880478-00-4}} 3. ^{{cite book | last = Wagner | first = Henry R. | title = Cartography of the Northwest Coast of America to the Year 1800 | publisher = University of California Press | year = 1937 | location = Berkeley, Calif. | page = 398 | asin = B001K5A42S }} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.mbari.org/science/seafloor-processes/geological-changes/mapping-sections/|title=Monterey Canyon: Stunning deep-sea topography revealed {{!}} MBARI|website=www.mbari.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-10}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category}}
13 : Monterey Bay|Bays of California|Bays of the Pacific Ocean|Bodies of water of Monterey County, California|Bodies of water of Santa Cruz County, California|Regions of California|Geography of Northern California|Geography of Monterey County, California|Geography of San Benito County, California|Geography of Santa Cruz County, California|Birdwatching sites in the United States|Northern California|Tourism regions of California |
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