“Montmartre Cemetery”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Montmartre Cemetery ({{lang-fr|link=no|Cimetière de Montmartre}}) is a cemetery in the 18th arrondissement of Paris, France, that dates to the early 19th century. Officially known as the Cimitière du Nord, it is the third largest necropolis in Paris, after the Père Lachaise cemetery and the Montparnasse cemetery.

History

In the mid-18th century, overcrowding in the cemeteries of Paris had created numerous problems, from impossibly high funeral costs to unsanitary living conditions in the surrounding neighborhoods. In the 1780s, the Cimetière des Innocents was officially closed and citizens were banned from burying corpses within the city limits of Paris. During the early 19th century, new cemeteries were constructed outside the precincts of the capital: Montmartre in the north, Père Lachaise Cemetery in the east, Passy Cemetery in the west and Montparnasse Cemetery in the south.

The Montmartre Cemetery was opened on January 1, 1825. It was initially known as la Cimetière des Grandes Carrières (Cemetery of the Large Quarries).^[1] The name referenced the cemetery's unique location, in an abandoned gypsum quarry. The quarry had previously been used during the French Revolution as a mass grave. It was built below street level, in the hollow of an abandoned gypsum quarry located west of the Butte near the beginning of Rue Caulaincourt in Place de Clichy. As is still the case today, its sole entrance was constructed on Avenue Rachel under Rue Caulaincourt.^[2]

A popular tourist destination, Montmartre Cemetery is the final resting place of many famous artists who lived and worked in the Montmartre area. See the full list of notable interments below.

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|last1=Waldman|first1=Benjamin|title=The Treasures of the Montmartre Cemetery|url=http://untappedcities.com/2012/03/06/the-treasures-of-the-montmartre-cemetery/|website=untapped cities|accessdate=10 July 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Montmartre cemetery|url=http://www.paris.fr/english/heritage-and-sights/cemeteries/montmartre-cemetery/rub_8222_stand_34189_port_19019|website=Mairie de Paris|accessdate=10 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714173403/http://www.paris.fr/english/heritage-and-sights/cemeteries/montmartre-cemetery/rub_8222_stand_34189_port_19019|archive-date=14 July 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
3. ^Jules Franceschi in the French Wikipedia
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://belcanto.ru/preobrajenska.html |title=Ольга Иосифовна Преображенская (Olga Preobrajenska) |publisher=Belcanto.ru |date=1962-12-27 |accessdate=2012-02-28}}
5. ^Arnold Lionel Haskell. [https://books.google.com/books?id=vY-1AAAAIAAJ The Ballet annual: a record and year book of the ballet: Vol. 18], 1963

History

A

B

C

D

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

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T

V

W

Z

See also

References

External links