| 词条 | The Truth According to Wikipedia |
| 释义 |
| name = The Truth According to Wikipedia | image = 2007 Free Access To All Human Knowledge 02.jpg | image_size = 250px | alt = 2007 fundraising appeal by Jimmy Wales, excerpted in the documentary | caption = 2007 fundraising appeal by Jimmy Wales, excerpted in the documentary | director = IJsbrand van Veelen | producer = Judith van den Berg | narrator = | starring = Jimmy Wales Larry Sanger Andrew Keen Tim O'Reilly Robert McHenry | music = Chris Everts Frank van der Sterre | cinematography = Niels van't Hoff Pim Hawinkels Richard Kille | editing = Stefan Kamp Jos de Putter Doke Romeijn | studio = | distributor = Backlight and YouTube | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2008}} | runtime = 48 minutes | country = Netherlands | language = English }} The Truth According to Wikipedia, also referred to as Wiki's Truth ({{lang-nl|Wiki's Waarheid}}), is a Dutch documentary about Wikipedia directed by IJsbrand van Veelen. It was screened at The Next Web conference in Amsterdam on 4 April 2008 and broadcast by the Dutch documentary series Backlight ({{lang-nl|Tegenlicht}}) on Nederland 2 on 7 April 2008. It was subsequently made available through American Public Television. The documentary examines the reliability of Wikipedia, and the dichotomy between the contributions of experts and amateur editors. The documentary includes commentary from Wikipedia co-founders Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger, The Cult of the Amateur author Andrew Keen, O'Reilly Media chief executive officer Tim O'Reilly, and former editor-in-chief of Encyclopædia Britannica Robert McHenry. Keen says that experts should serve as guardians of information during the Web 2.0 phenomenon; this point of view is supported by analysis from Sanger. The Truth According to Wikipedia received a generally positive reception, being described in Film Quarterly as "a sharp and wide-ranging overview of wikipistemology".[1] The Center for Strategic and International Studies gave the documentary a rating of "Good", and called it a useful resource to teach students about appropriate sourcing.[2] Media scholar Mirko Tobias Schäfer described it as an apt debate over truth as represented on the website. New media writer Stephen Downes said the documentary was captivating for its ability to place Wikipedia within the wider context of the Web 3.0 social phenomenon. Contents summaryDirector IJsbrand van Veelen examines questions about Wikipedia, such as whether it will harm traditional encyclopaedias, including Encyclopædia Britannica.[5] He presents commentators who discuss the reliability of Wikipedia. Veelen also addresses the idea that information wants to be free.[5][7] The documentary notes that within the period of 2006 to 2008, Wikipedia has increasingly been recognized as one of the top most popular websites, and that it often rivaled Google for those searching for information on the Internet.[2] Individuals who are interviewed and appear as commentators in the film include: Wikipedia co-founders Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger; The Cult of the Amateur author Andrew Keen; How Wikipedia Works author and Wikipedia editor Phoebe Ayers; Swahili Wikipedia contributor Ndesanjo Macha; O'Reilly Media chief executive officer Tim O'Reilly; We Think author Charles Leadbeater; and former Encyclopædia Britannica editor-in-chief Robert McHenry.[1][7][2] Discussion topics include how the contributions of both unqualified and expert users affect Wikipedia, and more broadly, the Web 2.0 phenomenon.[1][7][2] Charles Leadbetter puts forth the notion that the wider online community is an effective method of increasing the ideals of democracy.[1] Leadbetter says the Web is the most effective medium for increasing individual freedoms and rights in totalitarian nations.[1] Andrew Keen is featured prominently in the documentary, and puts forth a thesis that veracity of information should be determined by experts who should function as guardians for such material.[1][2] Keen says that without expert gatekeepers to discern what actual facts are, the danger exists that the wider community may simply invent its own perceived truths.[3] Keen opines that in this unfortunate situation actual facts would instead be supplanted by "truthiness".[3]{{efn|"Truthiness" is a term coined by Stephen Colbert referring to perceptions about truth not supported by facts or reason.[3]}} Keen's argument is supported in the documentary by commentary from Larry Sanger, who left Wikipedia over a conflict with Jimmy Wales regarding Sanger's desire for experts to be given additional influence on the project.[4] Sanger acknowledges that in the early stages of Wikipedia, factual accuracy of articles was neglected in favor of a drive to increase raw content on the fledgling website.[3] ProductionThe Truth According to Wikipedia was directed by IJsbrand van Veelen.[5][6] He had previously directed the Backlight documentary Google: Behind the Screen.[7] Interviews were conducted by Marijntje Denters, Martijn Kieft and IJsbrand van Veelen.[5][6] William de Bruijn, Marijntje Denters, and Martijn Kieft researched and gathered information for the documentary.[5][6] Judith van den Berg was the producer, and editors were Jos de Putter and Doke Romeijn.[5][6] The documentary utilized 60 seconds of footage from a video made by Chris Pirillo, who later objected that such usage was done without obtaining his permission or crediting him with the content.[7]The documentary was released in 2008,[8] during which time the controversy over the censorship of Wikipedia in China was ongoing.[9] The documentary premiered globally at The Next Web conference in Amsterdam on 4 April 2008.[10][11] It was broadcast by VPRO on Nederland 2 on 7 April 2008,[8][12][13] and was made available for viewing on its YouTube channel the same year.[1] The organization American Public Television (APT) began to make the documentary available in the summer of 2008, and was contracted to show the documentary as an APT program from February 2009 through January 2011.[14] ReceptionThe Truth According to Wikipedia received a positive review in the journal Film Quarterly, where author Ben Walters called the documentary, "a sharp and wide-ranging overview of wikipistemology".[15] In a report entitled Teaching Seven Revolutions: A Tool Kit for Educating Globally Competent Citizens published by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, the documentary was given a rating of: "Good – especially if students think Wikipedia is the one source for everything".[16] It was recommended as a resource to learn about information science.[16] Author Thomas Leitch in his book Wikipedia U wrote that Keen's perspective on Wikipedia in particular and Web 2.0 in general as expressed in the documentary was a significant viewpoint.[3] Leitch said the criticism directed at Wikipedia by Keen merited further debate because it reflected assumptions explaining why Wikipedia was met with wariness by educators that discouraged the encyclopedia's use in a classroom setting.[3] Bastard Culture! author Mirko Tobias Schäfer called the documentary a well-received analysis of the discussion over truth on Wikipedia.[17] The Truth According to Wikipedia was given positive reception by Eric Schonfeld of TechCrunch, who commented that the film was expertly created. Though he praised the documentary for displaying multiple different viewpoints, he was critical of the documentary's emphasis on Andrew Keen throughout, and said it became a tool for Keen to publicize his polemics against Wikipedia.[1] Schonfeld assessed that Keen came away as the winner of his thesis by the end of the documentary.[1] Of Keen's argument, Schonfeld pointed out that he did not address how researchers on Wikipedia could either be experts themselves, or subsequently become experts by virtue of improving the quality of articles on the website.[1]Commenting on the documentary himself, Keen called it an enlightening documentary.[18] Media futurist, blogger, and writer Gerd Leonhard recommended the documentary and called it most entertaining.[19] Nicholas Carlson of Gawker Media framed the documentary as a conflict of "Experts vs. amateurs", and distilled the essence of the documentary down to a 90-second version.[20] Designer and commentator in the fields of online learning and new media Stephen Downes characterized The Truth According to Wikipedia as a fascinating documentary both about its website of focus and the larger phenomenon of Web 2.0.[21] Downes was critical of the film's use a documentary-style format in order to present its message, and argued that the viewpoints presented were not subsequently backed up by documentation.[21] Ernst-Jan Pfauth of The Next Web praised the documentary's director for gathering together a varied group of experts to comment upon Wikipedia for the documentary.[22] He posed questions raised by the documentary's analysis, and wondered whether the Web had succeeded in increasing intelligence and accuracy within society.[22] Pfauth asked: "Are equality and truth really reconcilable ideals?"[22] See also{{Portal|Film|Internet}}
Footnotes{{notelist}}References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite news|last=Schonfeld|first=Eric|date=8 April 2008|work=TechCrunch|title=The Truth According to Wikipedia|url=https://techcrunch.com/2008/04/08/the-truth-according-to-wikipedia/|accessdate=15 November 2010|archivedate=22 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222094213/http://techcrunch.com/2008/04/08/the-truth-according-to-wikipedia/}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite news|first=Tessa |last=Sterkenburg |title=The People versus The Expert|date=6 April 2008|url=https://thenextweb.com/2008/04/06/the-people-versus-the-expert/|work=The Next Web|accessdate=15 November 2010|archivedate=5 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005132057/http://thenextweb.com/2008/04/06/the-people-versus-the-expert/}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|pages=60–61|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|title=Wikipedia U: Knowledge, Authority, and Liberal Education in the Digital Age|first=Thomas|last=Leitch|series=Tech.edu: A Hopkins Series on Education and Technology|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4214-1535-2}} 4. ^1 {{cite news|title=Web 2.0 criticaster geroosterd in Amsterdam|url=http://www.emerce.nl/nieuws.jsp?id=2465240|accessdate=15 November 2010|work=Emerce|first=Peter |last=Olsthoorn |date=9 April 2008|language=Dutch|archivedate=12 January 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112094454/http://www.emerce.nl/nieuws.jsp?id=2465240}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=http://in.beeldengeluid.nl/collectie/details/expressie/962575/false/true |title=Tegenlicht Wiki's Waarheid|language=Dutch|publisher=Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision|accessdate=2 November 2015|date=7 April 2008|archivedate=2 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102224814/http://in.beeldengeluid.nl/collectie/details/expressie/962575/false/true}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|title=The Truth According to Wikipedia|url=http://tegenlicht.vpro.nl/backlight/the-truth-according-to-wikipedia.html|accessdate=15 November 2010|work=Tegenlicht|date=9 February 2009|archivedate=11 June 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611010432/http://tegenlicht.vpro.nl/backlight/the-truth-according-to-wikipedia.html}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.jaapstronks.nl/archief/vpro-ript-video-zonder-bronvermelding/|accessdate=15 November 2010|language=Dutch, English |location=Netherlands|title=vpro ript video zonder bronvermelding in wiki's waarheid|work=Jaapstronks.nl|date=15 April 2008|archivedate=4 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104102156/http://www.jaapstronks.nl/vpro-ript-video-zonder-bronvermelding/}} 8. ^1 {{cite news|title=Wiki's Waarheid|work=Tegenlicht|year=2008|url=http://tegenlicht.vpro.nl/afleveringen/2007-2008/what-happened-to-truth/wikis-waarheid.html|accessdate=11 November 2010|archivedate=26 September 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926051004/http://tegenlicht.vpro.nl/afleveringen/2007-2008/what-happened-to-truth/wikis-waarheid.html}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.marketingfacts.nl/berichten/20080409_vpros_tegenlicht_op_zoek_naar_wikis_waarheid/|accessdate=15 November 2010|language=Dutch|first=Marco|last=Derksen|date=9 April 2008|title=VPRO's Tegenlicht op zoek naar Wiki's waarheid|work=Marketingfacts|archivedate=28 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205653/http://www.marketingfacts.nl/berichten/20080409_vpros_tegenlicht_op_zoek_naar_wikis_waarheid/}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bright.nl/wereldpremiere-wiki-s-waarheid-op-the-next-web|accessdate=15 November 2010|language=Dutch|title=Wereldpremière 'Wiki's Waarheid' op The Next Web|work=Bright.nl|first= Erwin |last=van der Zande|date=25 March 2008|archivedate=29 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929194415/http://www.bright.nl/wereldpremiere-wiki-s-waarheid-op-the-next-web}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2008/04/04/live-from-the-next-web-2008-day-2/|accessdate=15 November 2010|title=Live From the Next Web (2008): Day 2|date=4 April 2008|last=Schonfeld|first=Eric|work=TechCrunch|archivedate=2 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202204310/http://techcrunch.com/2008/04/04/live-from-the-next-web-2008-day-2/}} 12. ^{{cite news|accessdate=31 October 2015|url=http://tegenlicht.vpro.nl/afleveringen/2007-2008.html|title=Wiki's Waarheid|work=Tegenlicht|date= 7 April 2008|publisher=VPRO|archivedate=19 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019032113/http://tegenlicht.vpro.nl/afleveringen/2007-2008.html}} 13. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4324/Nieuws/article/detail/1306064/2008/04/07/A-C-T-U-A-L-I-T-E-I-T-E-N.dhtml |title=Actualiteiten...|language=Dutch|work=Trouw|date=7 April 2008|accessdate=2 November 2015|archivedate=30 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230015340/http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4324/Nieuws/article/detail/1306064/2008/04/07/A-C-T-U-A-L-I-T-E-I-T-E-N.dhtml}} 14. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/FDD6E281FBECE909852574E80056C82A|accessdate=15 November 2010|date=Summer 2008|title=Truth According to Wikipedia, The|work=APT Programs|archivedate=24 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724024705/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/FDD6E281FBECE909852574E80056C82A}} 15. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal|first=Ben|last=Walters|title=Grey Areas|journal=Film Quarterly|pages=78–79|date=Fall 2008|volume=62|issue=1|doi=10.1525/fq.2008.62.1.78}} 16. ^1 2 3 {{cite report|chapterurl=http://media.csis.org/gsi/toolkit/teaching_resources/teaching_resources.pdf|accessdate=15 November 2010|chapter=Chapter 5: Teaching Resources|title= Teaching Seven Revolutions: A Tool Kit for Educating Globally Competent Citizens|publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies|year=2009|first=Dennis |last=Falk|author2=Susan Moss |author3=Martin Shapiro|archivedate=2 September 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902152909/http://media.csis.org/gsi/toolkit/teaching_resources/teaching_resources.pdf}} 17. ^{{cite book|first=Mirko Tobias |last=Schäfer|authorlink=Mirko Tobias Schäfer|page=213|title=Bastard Culture!: How User Participation Transforms Cultural Production|year=2011|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=978-9089642561}} 18. ^{{cite news|last=Keen|first=Andrew|authorlink=Andrew Keen|url=http://andrewkeen.typepad.com/the_great_seduction/2008/04/oreilly-30.html|accessdate=15 November 2010|date=22 April 2008|title=O'Reilly 3.0?|work=The Great Seduction|archivedate=30 December 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230210651/http://andrewkeen.typepad.com/the_great_seduction/2008/04/oreilly-30.html}} 19. ^{{cite news|last=Leonhard|first=Gerd|title=Watch this Video: The Truth According To Wikipedia|date=8 April 2008|url=http://www.mediafuturist.com/2008/04/video-the-truth.html|accessdate=15 November 2010|work=MediaFuturist|archivedate=24 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024041341/http://www.futuristgerd.com/2008/04/08/video-the-truth/}} 20. ^{{cite news|last=Carlson|first=Nicholas|work=Valleywag|publisher=Gawker Media|title=Experts vs. amateurs – the 90-second version|date=11 April 2008|url=http://valleywag.gawker.com/378851/experts-vs-amateurs-++-the-90+second-version|accessdate=15 November 2010|archivedate=24 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024041507/http://gawker.com/378851/experts-vs-amateurs----the-90-second-version}} 21. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.downes.ca/cgi-bin/page.cgi?post=44130|accessdate=15 November 2010|title=The Truth According To Wikipedia|date=10 April 2008|last=Downes|first=Stephen|work=Stephen's Web|authorlink=Stephen Downes|archivedate=6 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706180119/http://www.downes.ca/cgi-bin/page.cgi?post=44130}} 22. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news|last=Pfauth|first=Ernst-Jan|work=The Next Web|date=1 April 2008|title=TheNextWeb2008 Update: the truth according to Wikipedia|url=https://thenextweb.com/2008/04/01/thenextweb2008-update-the-truth-according-to-wikipedia/|accessdate=15 November 2010|archivedate=2 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102224734/http://thenextweb.com/2008/04/01/thenextweb2008-update-the-truth-according-to-wikipedia/}} Further reading
External links
4 : Documentary films about the Internet|Dutch documentary films|Dutch films|Films about Wikipedia |
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